It is reported that scientists predict the disaster in the next 70 years-black holes will devour the earth. Physicists worry that the world's largest particle accelerator located in Brookhaven Laboratory, new york, USA, will produce high-density substances similar to black holes, engulf the whole earth and emit cosmic rays. If cosmic rays, including gamma rays, radiate to the earth after the explosion of stars in the Milky Way, it will lead to a sharp drop in temperature and an ice age.

First, knowledge introduction:

1. Black hole, the meaning of black hole. It is a special celestial body predicted by general relativity. Its basic feature is that it has a closed horizon. The horizon is the boundary of a black hole. Foreign matter and radiation can enter the horizon, but nothing in the machine world can go outside.

2. The origin of black holes, two proton stars collided 2.2 billion years ago. These rays didn't reach the earth until May this year. Astronomers have successfully observed that a black hole with relatively low density was born after two proton stars collided. The collision site of the stars is 2.2 million light years away from the earth, so the collision actually occurred 2.2 billion years ago. The gamma rays produced by the collision did not reach the earth until May 9 this year. The afterglow of these gamma rays was observed by NASA X-rays on the evening of the 9th. The satellite [Swift] was discovered. The satellite went into space in June 2004. Its main task is to explore the origin of black holes by observing cosmic gamma-ray bursts.

3. The formation of black holes. Black holes are celestial bodies with small volume and large mass. Even light cannot escape under their strong gravity. There are two kinds of known black holes in the universe: supermassive black holes and small-mass black holes.

4. The main characteristics of black holes are: (1) This region has a strong magnetic field and gravity, which constantly devours a lot of interstellar matter. Some substances will change their trajectories around it, forming a circular gas-dust ring. (2) High energy, capable of emitting various radio transmissions. (3) Because of its great gravity, light will bend around it.

2. Public opinion link:

1. In the space age, all countries in the world have all kinds of advanced astronomical observation equipment, such as large-aperture optical telescopes with extremely sensitive receivers, large radio astronomical telescopes, Hubble space telescopes that have broken through the earth's atmosphere, and so on. Astronomical observation has touched the distant celestial bodies that are 0/000 billion light-years away from the Earth. Everything from galaxies outside the river to cosmic dust is unobstructed, even like a small candle tens of thousands of kilometers away. Weak light can also be observed, but there is nothing to do with "black holes". This is really illogical. If it is really a "celestial body" with great mass, density, magnetic field and strong gravity, why can't it be seen so far?

Answer: The reason is simple. A "black hole" is not a physical planet, but a variety of "magnetic vortex" phenomena caused by the movement of celestial bodies in the universe. Its energy and radiation are mainly produced by the attraction of magnetic field. Because of its thin density of components and weak light emitter, it is impossible to observe its shape from a distance with optical instruments. According to its shape and properties, it is really a veritable "dark magnetic vortex hole".

2. Why do black holes erupt? Will it affect humans?

According to the Big Bang cosmology, some small black holes may have formed in the early universe. A black hole with a mass of 10 15g has a spatial scale of only about 10- 13cm (equivalent to the size of a nucleus). Small black holes have high temperatures and strong radiation. One model is that the Institute of High Energy Astrophysics found some high energy explosions.

3. Graphic demonstration:

1. They found a huge black hole. Black holes are the size of the entire solar system. The mass of the swallowed star is equivalent to 300 million suns. The gas eruption caused by it is the largest one that scientists have found in the universe so far.

2. Black hole [art photo]. It's devouring gas and dust disks. The dust tray on the other side was ejected. It is constantly devouring cosmic matter to strengthen itself.

Four. Content assumption:

If a "black hole" is a "celestial body" with a very high material density, there should be an interface between the "black hole" and the space with a relatively low material density.

According to the principle of reflection and refraction of light, when light strikes the interface between two substances, it will be reflected and refracted, which has been confirmed by the fact that all non-luminous celestial bodies in the universe can reflect light without exception. So light can't be reflected from a "black hole", which means that the "black hole" has a strong attraction, but its material density is too thin to reflect light (not to say that light can't be reflected because it is attracted to it). When light meets it, it can only pass through it. There is no obvious light reflection and refraction. Therefore, its shape cannot be directly seen by optical observation. But can only be confirmed by other astronomical observation means. The existence of [black hole] is confirmed by all kinds of extremely strong radio radiation produced by its rapid rotation.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) analysis and summary;

We visited the knowledge about "cosmic black holes". In fact, black holes are related to our human heart system and deserve our attention. In the future, we will further study and understand black holes. We will not only broaden our horizons, but also gain some knowledge about the universe. We will not only learn knowledge, but also improve our ability to solve problems and unite.

Cosmic black hole

The oldest and largest black hole

According to the Press Trust of India, Stephen Hawking, a professor of physics at Cambridge University in England, is the founder of the theory of modern cosmic black holes and is regarded as a contemporary Einstein.

For more than 30 years, Hawking and his followers have always believed that the big bang of some superstars produced cosmic black holes. In addition, black holes can swallow up all substances that accidentally fall into them. Even cosmic information such as light can't escape the "bad luck" of being swallowed up by black holes.

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However, an Indian theoretical physicist questioned Hawking's groundbreaking theory. He is Abulhas-mitra mitra, a physicist at the Baba Atomic Research Center in Mumbai, India's largest city. He believes that there is no possibility of black holes in the universe.

As early as four years ago, mitra published a paper in a magazine questioning the theory of black holes. In this controversial paper, mitra pointed out that Hawking's black hole theory has obvious defects. It is impossible for a cosmic black hole to exist, because Hawking's description of the shape and existence of black holes is totally inconsistent with Einstein's general theory of relativity.

After mitra's paper was published, except for a few scholars who agreed, most mainstream scientists dismissed his views. So far, no scientists have written papers and debated with mitra. For academic reasons, mitra specially invited famous black hole theorists including Hawking himself, Jayant-Na ricard and others to express their opinions on his paper, but no one adopted his suggestions.

With the passage of time, Hawking's black hole theory was finally overthrown by himself. In the middle and late July 2004, Hawking admitted himself at an academic conference held in Dublin, Ireland. [In absolute terms, "black holes don't exist.

At this point, mitra, an Indian physicist who dared to question the authoritative physical theorist, was proved right. In another sense, mitra defeated Hawking.

Sina Science and Technology News Recently, international astronomers discovered as many as 2 1 quasar black holes in a narrow region of the universe for the first time through a recent observation by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.

This major discovery positively confirmed for the first time the speculation that there are a large number of invisible black holes in the universe for many years. Sufficient evidence makes people believe that the vast universe is indeed full of all kinds of undiscovered black holes.

At present, the huge gravitational source-"quasar" black hole group. The details of this latest discovery have been written by researchers and published in magazines.

A "hidden" quasar

We know that the cosmic black hole in reality cannot be directly observed and discovered by people because of its great gravity. In order to confirm the evidence of the existence of black hole celestial bodies, astronomers found that the material behavior around the black hole has its specific behavior: in the space around the black hole, the gas material has an ultra-high temperature, and after being attracted by the strong gravitational field of the black hole, these materials will be lifted up and then disappear completely. It rose to near the speed of light. When the gas is completely swallowed up by the black hole, the whole process will release a lot of X-rays. Usually it is these escaped X-rays that indicate the existence of black holes here. This is the most direct evidence that people found black holes in the past.

On the other hand, around some extremely active supermassive cosmic black holes, a thick layer of cosmic gas and dust clouds will be generated around the black hole stars due to the strong attraction and swallowing behavior of the black hole stars, which further increases the difficulty of observing the area near the black hole body and prevents astronomers from discovering the existence of these supermassive black holes. Astronomy defines these extremely active black holes as "quasars". Under normal circumstances, a quasar averages one year. The total mass swallowed by * * * is equivalent to the sum of the masses of 65,438+0,000 medium-sized stars. Generally speaking, these quasars are very far from the solar system. When we observed them, it was hundreds of millions of years later. This shows that the activity of this black hole appeared in the early days of the birth of the universe. Scientists speculate that this black hole is the predecessor of the growing cosmic galaxy, so it is named "quasar".

So far, only a few quasar black holes have been discovered. Whether there are a lot of other quasars in the vast universe remains to be further discovered. Astronomers' research work in this field depends entirely on the comprehensive observation and research of X-rays in the universe.

A universe full of black holes.

Recently, Professor Arie Martinez-Saint-Singer from Oxford University in the UK introduced his first discovery of the hidden black hole in the universe, saying, "From the previous observation and research of cosmic X-rays, I hope to find evidence that there are a large number of hidden quasars in the universe, but the result is really unsatisfactory and disappointing." Recently, according to NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, astronomers successfully penetrated the outer cosmic dust cloud covering quasar black holes and captured the hidden inner black holes. Because Spitzer Space Telescope can effectively collect infrared rays that can penetrate the dust layer of the universe, researchers have successfully discovered as many as 2 1 quasar black holes in a very narrow space area.

Mark Reiss, a member of the research team from the Spitzer Science Center of California Institute of Technology, also said in an interview with the media. [If we abandon the 2 1 cosmic quasar black hole discovered this time and look at any other area of the universe, we can boldly predict that a large number of hidden black holes will be discovered one after another. This means that, as we initially speculated, there must be a large number of supermassive black holes in the unknown universe.

Computer simulation reveals the mystery of black hole food intake

Xinhua News Agency: Black holes are notorious for devouring everything. But their greedy appetite is not endless. What factors limit their appetite and weight? German and American scientists have recently simulated the process of collision and fusion between two galaxies, which provides clues to answer this question.

Most galaxies observed today have huge black holes, whose mass is millions or even billions of times that of the sun. But after observing dozens of galaxies, scientists found that the mass of the black hole in the center of the galaxy is likely to be the same as that in the galaxy.

It is 500% of the total mass of a star. It won't grow bigger.

Scientists from Max Planck Institute of Astrophysics in Germany and Carnegie Mellon University in the United States used supercomputers to simulate the collision between two galaxies in the early universe. This is the first time that people have found the destructive effect of the merger of black holes in the center of galaxies in the simulation. For about 6,543.8 billion years, the mass of black holes has been increasing, attracting more gas fuel to them. As the gas approaches the black hole, it becomes hotter and brighter. In this way, the merged galactic nucleus becomes one.

Scientists explained that according to the simulation results, when the big black hole passes through the growth stage called quasar, the hot air around it will explode, producing a powerful cosmic wind, which will blow most of the gas and dust clouds away from the vicinity of the black hole or even the whole galaxy and throw them into deep space. After the huge cosmic fireworks are released, the black hole has no food, its mass will no longer increase, and the galaxy has no star-making materials. Stars are no longer born. The galaxy has matured. This world.

Quasars are extremely bright objects. They were first discovered in the 1960s. Because they look like stars and emit strong radio waves, they are called "star-like radio sources". After a long debate, many astronomers now believe that quasars are violently active galactic nuclei. There, hot gas emits strong rays on its way to the huge black hole, making them billions or even billions of light years away.

A paper published by British scientists in a magazine pointed out that the simulation shows that the mass of the black hole in the center of the galaxy is directly related to the total mass of the stars in the galaxy. This is consistent with the observation results, which means that black holes may be close participants in the formation of galaxies. But this is just a simple simulation. The real process is extremely complicated. They still don't understand how quasars burst out of energy.