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Problems and countermeasures of highway engineering papers. Common problems in highway bridge construction
Basic problems of 1. 1 bridge
Foundation is the foundation of construction. If there is something wrong with the foundation, it is very unsafe for a house, especially for building roads and bridges. One of the problems of foundation is that the foundation has been deformed due to uneven spatial distribution of foundation or horizontal displacement of soil, and a large amount of additional pressure will be generated in the geological structure, which exceeds the compressive strength of the structure itself and produces cracks. So why is the foundation of foundation uneven? Mainly because the soil of many bridges contains a lot of water, the compressive strength is low and the gap is relatively large, which is unbearable for the long-term vehicle weight.
Problems in the design of 1.2
If the designer can predict the underground structure of this section in advance, there will be no problems that cannot occur after the highway is repaired. Of course, it is difficult for the general detection system to detect the existence of soft foundation, or it is difficult to clearly measure the depth and scope of soft foundation, which will cause a certain gap in reprocessing and lead to the unreasonable design scheme of soft foundation treatment.
1.3 problems in construction
In some working sections with more fill and narrow construction area, the working conditions of site construction are very poor, but the time requirement of the whole project is very strict, and such problems often appear in reality. In order to catch up with the progress, the construction unit did not strictly follow the original regulations. As a result, the thickness of filling and paving was seriously insufficient again, but the drainage protection was not in place, which led to the subgrade sinking and left quality hidden dangers. In highway engineering, cracks and even damage often appear on the pavement at the joint of bridges. This is a very serious problem for the following reasons.
(1) design problem, highway continuous bridge engineering is statically determinate in mechanics, and the choice of bridge structural layer is empirical guess. Moreover, because the traffic volume of roads is unpredictable, the traffic volume will usually increase after the completion of roads and bridges, but the site cannot be accurately predicted in the previous budget, which leads to the inconsistency between the road and the actual situation and the design value is inappropriate because the design value is inappropriate.
(2) Cracks caused by thermal expansion and contraction. When the temperature is below zero, the image of concrete freezes, water turns into ice, and concrete may expand and produce cracks. If there are too many voids, too many magazines and strong water absorption in concrete, it will lead to concrete cracking. Too low mixing of concrete or saturated water absorption rate are all conditions for cold expansion.
Second, the basic methods to solve common problems of engineering bridges
2. 1 Improve the concrete technology of highway engineering and bridge construction.
Concrete mixing is to ensure that steel bars can be fully and evenly distributed in concrete, so mechanical mixing should be adopted in reinforced concrete pavement construction. In this case, Class One can choose forced mixing. In order to ensure the uniform mixing of steel bars and concrete, the correct order must be followed when feeding: cement first, coarse aggregate later, steel fiber later, and materials mixed evenly before adding water. When pouring steel fiber and concrete, it must be poured. The street is not obvious, so the pouring should be carried out continuously, and it cannot be stopped for a long time. Steel fibers should be arranged longitudinally to resist the shrinkage of the plate itself, the induction between load and temperature.
2.2 Improve the construction technology of highway engineering and bridge transition section.
For example, filler is not necessary for all road sections, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate filler road section with a goal, and it is more possible to choose the soil, which soil can withstand strong pressure under the same pressure intensity. According to the index of soil, it is advocated to use local materials and choose mineral soil or materials with good water permeability.
2.3 Highway engineering and bridge construction should pay attention to the drainage capacity of subgrade.
Subgrade is the foundation of road, and it is also the key to determine the quality of road, so it is also very important that subgrade is the foundation in the whole construction project. However, after research and development, many subgrade problems are caused by water seepage. Under the premise of not destroying local water conservancy and protecting the environment, we should strengthen the drainage function of roads, have drainage systems and coordinate with local drainage planning. Highway bridge subgrade drainage will involve two aspects: one is pavement drainage. The main purpose of pavement drainage is to quickly remove water and accumulated water on the pavement, so as to reduce water infiltration and avoid the influence on subgrade slope. Another aspect is ground drainage. The most widely used facilities are ditches, intercepting ditches or rapids, which are of great help to roads in the case of sudden rainstorm or continuous rainfall. Generally speaking, these facilities need to be reinforced with gravel. At present, most roads use these facilities to reinforce subgrade and improve subgrade quality.
Third, the conclusion
Quality assurance is the first priority of highway continuous bridge construction, which requires all workers involved in the construction, especially technicians, to have superb skills and a strong sense of responsibility. In the whole construction, materials should be used economically and reasonably, the principle of "work for relief" should be adhered to, and the current national norms and technical standards should be strictly followed. Engineering construction personnel should also learn from the experience of harm caused by improper construction in the past and take various measures to avoid the occurrence of bad sites. They should use local materials and adapt to local conditions. The roads built should not only ensure traffic safety, engineering quality and road service life, but also avoid rework, because overhaul or rework will bring serious economic losses to the country.
Problems and countermeasures of highway engineering papers. Common problems in the implementation of highway engineering survey
1. 1 The engineering survey is inconsistent with the facts.
Because the bidding documents obtained by the contractor may be different from the actual construction site conditions, the engineering metrology personnel should calculate according to the items in the bill of quantities when carrying out engineering metrology work. However, in the actual engineering survey work, the survey accuracy is not ideal. Many engineering surveyors do not inspect the construction site. They only completed the engineering survey according to the design documents. The result of this is that the calculation result is easy to be inaccurate and inconsistent with the field construction quantity, which increases the difficulty of engineering survey management, and the survey result also has certain influence on the construction unit.
1.2 construction project measurement confirmation delay
In the process of highway engineering construction, engineering measurement is the confirmation of completed quantities and the value of these quantities. However, in the actual construction process, the owner did not confirm these quantities or their values in time, which made the construction unit not receive the project payment in time, which led to the shortage of funds for the construction unit, which affected the use of materials, the deployment of personnel and the normal work of equipment, thus prolonging the construction period and causing certain losses, and the quality of highway engineering could not be guaranteed.
1.3 Project cost monitoring is not in place.
In the actual highway engineering construction process, there are many factors affecting engineering measurement, and it is common that some engineers are not professional enough. At the stage of highway construction, they did not always monitor all the expenses in the process of project construction according to the contract requirements. In this way, they don't know whether the actual project expenditure is consistent with the project budget, and there are likely to be some new project expenditures in the process. Because their monitoring is not in place, these expenses are not controlled in time, and the deviation between actual project expenditure and project budget is getting bigger and bigger, which will eventually affect the construction cost and income of the construction unit.
1.4 Error in measurement
People always make mistakes. After professional training, the ability of engineering metrology personnel in metrology far exceeds that of ordinary people. However, the implementation of highway engineering measurement involves too many things, and their energy is limited, so it is impossible to achieve foolproof measurement. Because of the heavy workload, it is difficult and unwilling for the metrological personnel to review the metrological work. Therefore, there will be some problems in the actual engineering survey. These problems are big and small, and the time of discovery will affect the construction of the project.
Second, correctly grasp the measurement measures of highway engineering
2. 1 Be familiar with measurement rules and methods, and make clear the requirements of contract documents.
In highway engineering survey, it is very important to master the survey law. In the process of engineering measurement, the supervisor and the constructor should survey and measure the construction site according to the construction design drawings, and calculate the engineering quantity, so as to ensure that there is no difference between the calculated data of the two parties, and effectively improve the accuracy of engineering quantity calculation. At the same time, it is necessary to standardize the measurement method of the project, so as to facilitate the calculation of the engineering quantity and improve the calculation quality. On the other hand, the supervision engineer should measure the engineering projects involved in the project, which is convenient for the recheck of engineering quantity calculation. In addition, surveyors should have a comprehensive understanding of the contents of the contract, so as to avoid errors inconsistent with the contract requirements in the process of engineering survey.
2.2 modify the bill of quantities
Before construction, the construction unit can not only rely on the contents of the bidding documents given by the owner, but also can not only look at the drawings of construction design. Only the actual situation of the construction site can provide the basis for the construction. Therefore, on-site investigation is of great significance to the smooth completion of measurement work on the construction site, and engineering measurement can be carried out correctly according to the actual bill of quantities after investigation. For example, the calculation of earthwork volume, due to the complex environment and soil quality of the highway, the actual situation of the construction site may be different from the bidding documents and construction drawings. Therefore, engineering surveyors analyze the construction drawings and compare them with the bill of quantities, mark these differences, and calculate the quantities according to the bill of quantities at the same time, and summarize the detailed results of the calculation to the owner.
2.3 the establishment of engineering measurement payment account
The construction unit can use the modern advanced computer technology to establish the accounting of measurement and payment, and at the same time, track and analyze the project, which can clearly reflect the measurement situation of the whole project and facilitate the settlement of the project. At the same time, through the confirmation of the construction party, on-site supervision and the general representative of supervision, the engineering quantity measurement data are counted and a clear and detailed engineering measurement ledger is established. The construction unit can train the financial personnel in the project, select people with strong ability to manage the measurement and payment ledger, and assign special personnel to check the whole measurement ledger regularly to ensure that there are no errors in the whole measurement ledger, which is convenient for the management of engineering measurement.
Three. Concluding remarks
The measurement of highway engineering is not only a simple calculation of engineering quantity, but also plays a considerable role in the whole construction unit and owner, as well as the quality and progress of construction, so that the actual situation of the project can be compared with the plan, the problems in construction can be found and solved in time, and the whole construction project can be put on the right track. For the problems in engineering survey, surveyors should find out the corresponding solutions in time to ensure the progress and quality of construction.
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