Increase birth weight and enhance resistance.
The birth weight of piglets is closely related to the survival rate.
Under normal lactation conditions, the mortality rate of piglets with birth weight less than 1.0 kg during lactation reaches 40%, and that of piglets with birth weight of 1.3 kg ~ 1.5 kg is only 5%~8%. Therefore, strengthening the management of sow feeding and producing healthy piglets is an important link to improve the weaning litter weight of piglets.
Introduce excellent breeding system and scientific breeding.
As a commercial pig farm, the introduction of fine varieties and sows can increase the birth weight of piglets. In the process of breeding, it is necessary to carry out reasonable heterogeneous breeding, give full play to the advantages of hybridization, and prevent smaller male sows from breeding with each other to produce more weak offspring, which will make their resistance and immunity low and increase the mortality rate.
Strengthening feeding management and improving birth weight
(1) Pre-pregnancy (generally 80 days after mating): The goal of this stage is to ensure the comprehensive nutrition of sows, prevent sows from miscarriage and promote the orderly development of fetuses. Proper feeding stimulation from 7 days before mating to 10 day can increase the number of ovulation and litter size of sows, especially for thinner sows, and the effect of "aphrodisiac supplementary feeding" is better. In the early stage of pregnancy, under the action of hormones in the body, the mother's metabolism is strengthened, her appetite is increased, her digestion ability is improved, and her weight is rapidly increased. Therefore, it is necessary to limit feeding properly, otherwise it will lead to obesity of the mother, early abortion and reduction of the number of babies. At the same time, it will also cause dystocia in late delivery, reduce the feed intake of postpartum sows, lead to a decrease in lactation, and affect the development of piglets.
(2) Late pregnancy (80 days ~ 1 14 days): The goal of this period is to ensure that sows have adequate nutrition, so that the piglets born are neat and consistent and avoid giving birth to weak ones. 60%~70% of the newborn weight of piglets comes from the rapid growth in the later period (30 ~40 days before labor). Therefore, the nutritional intake of sows in the late pregnancy will directly affect the size of the fetus.
With the gradual increase of sow's abdominal circumference, the digestive system is squeezed, and the feed intake will decrease every time. It is necessary to increase the feeding times to meet the nutritional needs. At the same time, this period is also the stage with the largest demand for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. If it is not supplemented from feed, it is easy to cause decalcification, hind leg limping and postpartum paralysis of sows, which will affect postpartum care. Therefore, to ensure adequate nutrition, special care should be taken for sows with poor health. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the freshness of the feed and the cleanliness and hygiene of the trough and water dispenser, so as to avoid the spoilage of the feed from producing bacteria and affecting pregnant sows and piglets in the fetus. The energy level of sow diet should be properly increased, and 200g ~ 250g of animal fat or oily feed (accounting for 5%~8% of the diet) should be supplemented every day before delivery 1 month, which can increase the milk fat rate of colostrum and regular milk, increase the energy storage in fetus and be beneficial to the survival of piglets.
Raise postpartum pigs to ensure lactation.
The management of postpartum sows is very important, which is the guarantee of raising piglets well. Can artificially control the feed intake, provide corresponding lactation, and meet the needs of piglets.
Dietary requirements of lactating sows include maintenance requirements and lactation requirements, so the feeding amount of lactating sows depends on weight, physical condition, number of piglets fed and acceptable weight during lactation. Due to different body weights, the maintenance requirements of sows are about 1.5 kg ~2.0 kg of standard diet (local pigs are generally 1.5 kg, and foreign pigs are generally 2.0 kg). One way to calculate the milk yield is that you need 0.4 kg of standard diet (about 0.3 kg for local pigs) per kloc-0 piglet to feed a pig. Failure to reach this intake in actual production will lead to excessive weight loss of sows during lactation, which will further affect the reproductive performance of the next fetus, increase the elimination rate of sows after weaning, and also affect the growth rate of piglets.
In order to improve the growth rate and weaning weight of piglets, and not to make sows lose too much weight, high-energy fat can be added to lactation feed to improve the energy level of feed to make up for the lack of standard intake.
In actual production, the feed intake of newborn sows is less, which gradually increases after two or three days, and generally reaches the highest feed intake in two to three weeks after delivery. The earlier the sow reaches the highest feed intake, the higher the feed intake during lactation, the more milk production and the faster the growth rate of piglets. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to artificially prompting them to drink water and eat, which can be fed 2 ~3 times a day until the sow's physical condition recovers on the seventh day of lactation.
Piglets should pay more attention to management and improve their growth ability.
Before scientific delivery, clean the sow's breasts, genitals and buttocks with hot towels, then with disinfectant, and carry out sanitary treatment in time to ensure that the berth is free of dirt. Let piglets grow in a clean, hygienic, dry and warm environment, which is the premise of preventing diarrhea in piglets.
Feeding colostrum and fixing nipples to immunize in advance, it is best for piglets to eat colostrum within 1 hour after birth, and at the same time, the stimulation of piglets' lactation is beneficial to sow's uterine contraction and accelerate the delivery process. However, the first few drops of milk should be discarded. This part of milk is easy to be contaminated by bacteria because of its relatively long storage time, and piglets are most likely to cause diarrhea after eating it. Piglets in the first three days are fed in an incubator every 1.5-2 hours. For individual piglets, the method of "grasping both ends and putting the tube in the middle" is usually adopted, that is, the piglets with weak constitution are placed in the front nipple, and the piglets with strong constitution are fixed in the back nipple, so that other piglets can fix themselves. Artificial nipple fixation is an effective method to make piglets grow neatly and prevent weak piglets from producing.
The suitable temperature range of newborn piglets is 29℃~34℃, and the temperature requirement will decrease with the increase of piglet age. 1 day-old to 3-day-old is 30℃~34℃, 4-day-old to 7-day-old is 28℃~30℃, and then it drops by 2℃ every week until it reaches about 20℃.
Early weaning Early weaning can improve the reproductive rate and annual litter size of sows, reduce the production cost of piglets, improve the utilization rate of delivery rooms and effectively control diseases. Early weaning generally refers to 2 1 day or 28 days.
Pass the weaning pass, start feeding early, scientifically feed and carefully manage piglets in the first week after weaning, so as to keep them in a dry, warm and clean environment and minimize stress. Piglets start training and feeding at the age of 7 days, and feed less. After two weeks, the piglets can eat feed.
Strengthen health and epidemic prevention
(1) Prenatal sow immunization: Newborn piglets have poor disease resistance and are prone to illness and death. Therefore, effective immunization measures should be implemented to protect piglets according to the local epidemic situation and the specific situation in this field. Generally, sows can be selectively vaccinated with Escherichia coli vaccine, mycoplasma, infectious gastroenteritis, Pasteurella, swine erysipelas, streptococcus suis, rotavirus and other vaccines 5 and 2 weeks before delivery. 7 days before delivery to 10 days. Pig farms with severe diarrhea can collect the intestines and stomach of dead piglets or the feces of piglets in the delivery room 2 weeks before delivery and feed them to pregnant sows (before delivery 1 week is prohibited). This can make sows produce antibodies to susceptible diseases in this field, which has a strong protective effect on piglets.
(2) piglet immunization (recommended immunization procedure): Fusobacterium toxin was injected on 1 day; 1 ~3 days iron supplement (selenium is the best); Inoculate infectious gastroenteritis vaccine for 3-7 days; 14 ~20 days iron supplement; Vaccinate against reproductive-respiratory syndrome, mycoplasma and salmonella choleraesuis for 3-4 weeks.
(3) Diarrhea of piglets: Diarrhea is the most harmful disease to piglets, which can occur in pigs of all ages, but mainly occurs in the following three age groups: 1-3-day-old piglets, 7- 14-day-old piglets and newly weaned piglets. The most common infectious pathogens of piglet diarrhea are parasites, such as Escherichia coli (bacterial), rotavirus, infectious gastroenteritis (viral) and some coccidia. Non-infectious factors mainly include indigestion, dietary antigen allergy, nutritional factor deficiency, stress factors and so on. Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen prevention.