Merit: 1. Qin Shihuang adopted the strategic policy of "making friends far away and attacking near, attacking to the end", destroying the six countries, expanding the territory and unifying the whole country, ending the long-term situation of division and war since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which was conducive to the stability of people's lives and the development of social production; Meng Tian was sent to attack the Huns, connecting the Great Wall in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan during the Warring States Period, and built the Great Wall of Wan Li from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong in the east, effectively resisting the Huns' attack. After the Baiyue area was conquered, Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai counties were established. The creation of the vast Qin Empire has promoted the integration and unity of all ethnic groups and promoted the formation of a pluralistic and integrated pattern in China.

2. After reunification, a series of reform measures were adopted, which promoted the political, economic and cultural unification and development of China. (1) Politically, the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in China was established. The central government has three offices and nine ministers, the Prime Minister, the Imperial Adviser and Qiu, which are called "three offices", and there are nine ministers under the "three offices". In some areas, the enfeoffment system was abolished and the county system was implemented. The whole country is divided into 36 counties. Each county has a guard, a captain and a overseer. Each county has a county. Principal officials are directly appointed and removed by the emperor, and they absolutely obey and carry out the emperor's orders. (2) Economically, round square hole money, also known as Qin Banliang money, is used uniformly throughout the country; At the same time, the degree, quantity and balance are unified. In order to develop the national land transportation, the "car on the same track" is implemented, and the chidao and the straight road are built; Wuchi Road is a canal dug in the southwest of China to connect Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River. (3) Culture: unify the characters, formulate seal script based on the characters prevailing in Qin State, and promulgate it throughout the country. These measures are conducive to consolidating the unification of the Qin Dynasty, economic and cultural exchanges and development in various places, and have a far-reaching impact on future generations.

Exceeded: 1. Excessive taxation is extremely heavy. In order to maintain the huge military expenditure and project construction and meet the extravagant life, Qin Shihuang did not hesitate to levy heavy taxes on the people, and there was a serious situation in the country that "men plowed and women wove, and they had no food to eat and no clothes to wear". As a result, the people fell into poverty, and the people were "naked, not as good as cattle and horses, and did not have enough to eat."

2. Overjoyed, abusing people's power. Qin Shihuang was eager for quick success and instant benefit and showed no sympathy for people's feelings. He built Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li near the capital for his own luxury, consuming more than 700,000 civilian workers. It is estimated that at that time, the number of people performing military service far exceeded 2 million, accounting for more than one third of men in their prime. Such heavy taxes and heavy labor are really unbearable for the people.

3. Severe punishment, boiling public resentment. Since Shang Yang's political reform in Qin Dynasty, laws and regulations have been very strict. One person was sentenced to death and three families were punished. When a neighbor who breaks the law sits together, people are often punished by hard labor or torture.

4. Restrain your thoughts and burn books to bury Confucianism. In order to prevent the people from rebelling, Qin Shihuang adopted Lisi's suggestion and implemented a strict policy ideologically-"burning books to bury Confucianism". "Burning books" means burning all books except those collected by the Central Committee of the Qin Dynasty, Qin history books, books on medicine, divination, tree planting, etc. Those who violate the order will be put to death. People and scholars who dare to possess classics and hundreds of classics all over the country are tortured by genocide. Later, more than 400 Confucian scholars who criticized the failure of political affairs were killed. "Burning books to bury Confucianism" is conducive to consolidating national unity; However, this cultural absolutism destroyed a large number of cultural classics, greatly destroyed China culture and stifled people's thoughts, which was the concentrated expression of the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty.

Overall evaluation: Qin Shihuang established the first unified multi-ethnic autocratic and centralized feudal country in China, which set a new milestone in the long history of China's development. Its extraordinary achievements can only be compared with those of a few emperors in China, and it is worthy of being called "an emperor through the ages" in later generations. However, Qin Shihuang was also a tyrant. He extorted money. Farmers not only have to pay two-thirds of the harvest, but also bear heavy corvee. More than 2 million people were recruited to build the Epang Palace, the Mausoleum and the Great Wall. The tyranny of Qin Shihuang eventually led to the demise of II, and historical lessons are enough to warn future generations and take lessons from them. On the whole, Qin Shihuang's contribution is greater than his own.