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What kind of spacing should be set before and after the title paragraphs at all levels of the paper?
The school that completes the thesis will have its own format requirements, which can be directly adjusted according to the requirements of the school template file.

General design papers at all levels of the title format requirements:

First-level title, bold, centered, bold No.2, single line, 0.5 line before the paragraph and 0.5 line after the paragraph;

Secondary title, bold, center bold font No.3, single line, 0.5 line before paragraph and 0.5 line after paragraph;

Third-level title, bold, left-aligned, single line, 0.5 line before the paragraph and 0.5 line after the paragraph;

Four-level title, small four bold left alignment, single line.

Extended data:

General requirements of paper format:

I. Title of the article (1, bold and centered)

Second, the abstract (title at the same level, No.2 bold center, single line, 0.5 lines before the paragraph, 0.5 lines after the paragraph)

Three. Abstract (title at the same level, No.2 bold center, single line, 0.5 line before paragraph and 0.5 line after paragraph)

Four. Table of contents (same as the second-level title, centered, with 0.5 lines up and down, 1.5 times the line spacing)

5. Table of Contents (same as the second-level title, centered, 0.5 lines up and down, 1.5 times the line spacing):

Figure 1- 1 xxxxx ... Figure1xxxxx ... Figure1-1xxxxx

VI. Table Contents (same as the second-level heading, centered, with 0.5 lines up and down, 1.5 times row spacing)

Table 2- 1x xxxx ... Table 2-1xxxxx

Seven, the first chapter XXX (level 1 title, No.2 bold center, single line, 0.5 lines before the paragraph, 0.5 lines after the paragraph)

1. 1 XXXXXXX? (Secondary title, No.3 bold center, single line, 0.5 line before paragraph and 0.5 line after paragraph)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx

1.1.1xxxxx (three-level title, No.4 bold and left-aligned, single line, 0.5 line before the paragraph and 0.5 line after the paragraph).

1.1.1.1XXXXXX (four-level titles, small four bold and left-aligned, single column and one line)

Figure 1- 1 technical roadmap (No.5 bold, centered, 1.5 times line spacing)

Table 1- 1 data statistics table (No.5 bold, centered, 1.5 times line spacing)