The early Roman culture was influenced by Etruscan culture and Greek culture in its own tradition, and absorbed its essence and merged it. After the 3rd century BC, Rome became a powerful country in the Mediterranean region with a highly developed culture.
Roman architecture and sculpture developed rapidly, and the existing buildings are as follows
The Colosseum The Colosseum of Death in Rome.
Constantine Arc de Triomphe
Pompeii city
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With the continuous development of the city, the Romans began to build elevated canals all over the empire. The oldest aqueduct in Rome can be traced back to 3 12 BC. Reflected the powerful national strength of the Roman Empire. At the same time, the design method of * * * is a great innovation in mechanics and art, which saves a lot of materials.
Rome Square is the center of social, political and religious life of Roman citizens. It is located in the center of the city, usually at the intersection of two main roads. It is an open rectangular clearing. The bigger the city, the grander the square. Around the empty square, there are temples dedicated by municipal officials and the most important buildings related to public life, such as courts and markets. There is a row of covered scroll columns in front of each building. Because of this, Rome Square is the main public activity place in this city. With the development and prosperity of the city, the square has been expanded and decorated by the construction of many memorial buildings, which has become a remarkable symbol of the authority of the central government. Since Rome became the imperial capital covering the territory from Spain to Asia Minor, emperors of all dynasties, especially those who ruled from Augustus to Trajan in the 1 th century, have expanded Roman squares, and each square they built is bigger and more beautifully decorated than their predecessors. In the Roman Empire Square, we can see the fruits of this development.
However, there is nothing like Roman temples and parliamentary halls to show the elegance of the empire. As the ruler of the known world at that time, the Roman Empire built a large number of temples in Rome in order to show the majesty and solemnity of its empire, and its scale and luxury were unmatched by other buildings at the same time. In order to highlight the wealth of imperial products, the rulers collected a large number of building materials from all over the country to build temples to show their admiration for Shen. Most temples are axisymmetric buildings, which are built according to the central line of the main shaft and symmetrical on both sides. Give people a sense of inviolability.
Another legendary building in ancient Rome is the Colosseum. It is also a model of following symmetry, which fully embodies the powerful national strength of the empire. The Colosseum is oval, with the major diameter187m and the minor diameter155m. From the periphery, the whole building is divided into four floors, and the lower three floors are multi-arch buildings, and each arch is supported by stone pillars on both sides. The fourth floor is wall decoration, with four big arches facing four radii, which is the entrance to the gallery inside the Colosseum. The stands of the Colosseum are divided into four groups from low to high, and the seats of the audience are divided according to their grades and status. On the internal restoration map of the Colosseum, we can see that the project is huge and spectacular. However, what people can see today is that although the partition wall that supported the stands was worn out, it was very high, large and ingenious, which still made people marvel at the glory of the past.
The record of the diameter of the Pantheon dome of 43 meters was not broken until the 20th century. Domes of this size usually need some support, but the ancient Romans were proficient in how to build arched roofs without pillars. Although the ancient Romans were not the founders of the arch, they were the first people to know the purpose of the arch. The eye of the circular dome with a diameter of 8.2 meters shines sunlight on the Pantheon. The floor and walls in the temple are far away from the bright palladium marble. Since the Pantheon was built, it has been almost intact, leaving people with the best impression of ancient Roman architectural style. The original Pantheon was much more magnificent than what we see today. Laws and regulations were engraved on Buddhist niches and colored zenith.
The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine (Italian: Arco di Costantino) is located in Rome, between the Colosseum and Mount Palladini. The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine was built to commemorate Constantine I's great victory in the Battle of Anqiao in Milvi on March121October 28th. The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine is also the latest one in Rome.
The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine is 2 1 m high, 25.7 m wide and 7.4 m high. It has three arches. The central arch is 1 1.5m high and 6.5m wide. The arches on both sides are 7.4m high and 3.4m wide. The arch is made of bricks with carved patterns on its surface. The main body of the Arc de Triomphe in Constantine consists of several independent columns and a top layer engraved with inscriptions. Design is similar to the Arc de Triomphe in ancient Rome Square. The lower part of the arch is thought to have been designed by the architect with reference to an older monument, probably from the time of Emperor Hadrian. Because the Arc de Triomphe in Constantine spans the Arc de Triomphe, the Roman emperor will enter Rome from this road at the triumph ceremony. This route starts from Ares Square, passes through Maximus Arena, and then goes along Palatini Mountain. After passing the Arc de Triomphe in Constantine, the motorcade immediately turned left at the Sultan of Meta, went along the Via Sacra to Rome Square, climbed Mount Bitolli to the Temple of Jupiter, and passed the Arc de Triomphe in Titus.
The Arc de Triomphe in Constantine was incorporated into the fortress of ancient Rome in the Middle Ages, and the first restoration project began in18th century. At the end of 1990, just before the celebration in 2000, an archaeological excavation was carried out at the Arc de Triomphe.
Roman architecture embodies the power of the empire and the humanization of the country under the harmonious system.