1, thyroid nodule
Thyroid nodules are the most common. In fact, thyroid nodules less than one centimeter do not need to be too worried and do not need special treatment. This kind of nodule has soft texture, smooth surface and clear boundary, and can move up and down with swallowing. Thyroid nodules between 1 ~ 4cm need regular review. If the nodule activity is poor and the blood flow is large, further puncture biopsy is needed. There is another situation that needs to be reminded. Even if it is a benign nodule, the nodule is large, which has compressed the organs around the trachea and needs immediate surgical resection.
2. Small pulmonary nodules
Pulmonary nodules may be tuberculosis or pneumonia, or they may be scars left by previous tuberculosis. Most pulmonary nodules are benign, especially those smaller than 6 cm, so don't worry too much. However, when the diameter exceeds 8 cm, the probability of lung cancer is extremely high. Follow-up should be done every three months, and pathological biopsy should be done if necessary.
3. Breast hyperplasia
Most women go to the hospital for physical examination because of breast hyperplasia. Usually no special treatment is needed, which is a normal physiological phenomenon. Many women have periodic changes in mammary gland hyperplasia, which is related to the estrogen level in their bodies. There is also mental stress, always wearing too tight underwear, mood swings, which will also cause breast hyperplasia.
4, gallbladder polyps
Usually, the symptoms of gallbladder polyps are not obvious, and only a few people can have upper abdominal discomfort. Gallbladder polyps can be divided into cholesterol polyps and true polyps. As long as the diameter is less than 1 cm and there are no symptoms, there is no need to do special treatment, and a B-ultrasound examination can be done every 6 months. However, if it is a true polyp, the diameter is greater than 1 cm, and the thickness of gallbladder wall is greater than 4 mm When B-ultrasound is performed, blood vessels are found in the cells, accompanied by repeated abdominal pain and stones, which need to be surgically removed.
5, colorectal polyps
Intestinal polyps can be divided into adenomatous and inflammatory, and the former is likely to become cancerous. It takes more than 15 years for a general benign intestinal polyp to develop into malignancy. Only early detection and timely surgical resection can reduce the risk of cancer. However, the recurrence rate of intestinal polyps is high, and colonoscopy should be done once a year even if it is surgically removed.
6. Simple hepatic cyst
Most hepatic cysts are congenital and grow very slowly with no obvious symptoms. I only found it when I checked it occasionally. Simple hepatic cyst is caused by congenital abnormal development of intrahepatic bile duct or lymphatic vessels, which belongs to benign lesions and does not need special treatment if it is less than 5 cm. However, it is still necessary to go to the hospital for a B-ultrasound review every other year. If the diameter exceeds 5 cm, surgical resection is needed.
Don't panic when you find cysts, nodules and polyps in physical examination, and don't feel hopeless in life. In fact, most of them are benign and the possibility of cancer is extremely low. However, it can't be left unchecked and needs regular inspection. If the body is obviously unwell and polyps, gallbladder or nodules increase, it is necessary to take medicine or surgery according to the doctor's advice.
# Super Family Doctor Team #