College students' depression psychology
Chen Xiaoli Fu Cai Yun
Abstract: Depression is a common negative emotional expression among college students. The inducing reasons are mainly maladjustment of university environment, interpersonal contradiction, family poverty and lovelorn. Through mental health education, psychotherapy and psychological adjustment, we can correct and actively adjust our own emotions. This is the key to prevent people with depressive tendencies from having psychological abnormalities.
Keywords: psychological correction and adjustment of college students' depression
Western countries call depression "the disease of the century", and some scholars call it "the cold of the soul". According to the World Health Organization's prediction, depression will become the main killer of human beings in 2 1 century, and about 1.2 1 billion people in the world will experience depression for a period of time every year. If mild depression is included, the global incidence of depression is about 1 1%, and there are about 340 million patients with depression worldwide, which is equivalent to schizophrenia. According to the survey of the high-level meeting of mental health bureau in 2002, about 1 10,000 people commit suicide every year in the world. Among them, 250,000 people died in China, and the number of attempted suicides in China was as high as 6.5438+0 million. Kang Kefeng, a reporter from shenyang evening news, learned from Shenyang Mental Health Center that the number of college students suffering from depression in famous universities has reached 35% of the total number of students in the whole school, and depression is increasingly favored by people with high academic qualifications and high IQ. In 2005, the author conducted a UPI personality questionnaire survey on more than 600 freshmen in our district/KLOC-0. The statistical results show that the number of students with psychological problems has increased by 5.9 percentage points compared with 2003, showing a continuous upward trend. The number of people who made positive choices about 25 questions (wanting to commit suicide) also increased from 0.6% to 1.05%. Among them, 16 problems (frequent insomnia) accounted for 16.52% of students with psychological problems. These two items are effective in identifying depression.
First, the psychological manifestations and characteristics of depression among college students
The depressed psychology of college students is a common manifestation of negative emotions of college students, and it is the enhancement of negative emotions. Pessimism, inferiority, ashes, sadness and depression often prevail, and nothing can make them happy. Mild depression is only manifested as a lack of interest in things you were interested in before and a reluctance to associate with people, but there is no obvious change in attitude towards people in appearance. Severe depression is characterized by depressive symptoms, such as depression, sadness, sad face, reduced action and so on. It is a common psychological obstacle for college students.
The main manifestations of college students' depression psychology are: emotional sadness, sadness, depression and depression; Low self-evaluation in understanding (I am the worst, dumbest and most incompetent in my class); Declining interest and avoiding various activities on campus; Lack of confidence and initiative in learning, poor grades; Physical fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, poor memory, insomnia, dreaminess and so on. Occasionally, I will have suicidal thoughts and feel too tired to live. Psychological characteristics of college students' depression: According to epidemiological survey, college students are prone to psychological adverse reactions and adaptation obstacles. A considerable number of college students have psychological obstacles to varying degrees, and some even reach a very serious level. The number of people who drop out of school or drop out of school due to mental disorder or mental illness accounts for about 30% of the total number of patients. Among them, depression accounted for 12%. Relevant research shows that the incidence of female college students is higher than that of men. In 2005, the author found that the single factor score of female students' depression was 2.89% higher than that of male students in the SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist 90) test results of more than 200 people in a university in our district.
Second, the psychological causes of depression among college students
(A), the university environment does not adapt
After entering the university, college students are faced with a brand-new environment, which includes the software and hardware of the school, the internal and surrounding environment of the school. The new daily activity environment refers to the learning environment where relaxation and self-discipline coexist; Living environment in which unity and independence coexist; A colorful and rigorous organizational environment; The new interpersonal communication environment is characterized by new features of communication with teachers, parents, society and the Internet. These environments bring great psychological pressure to college students who are inexperienced in life, vacillating in thoughts, weak in right and wrong concepts and fragile in emotions. Faced with these pressures, it is difficult to adapt to the changed new environment for a while, and it is impossible to adjust one's unbalanced state in time, resulting in psychological tension, boredom, depression, and even negative and pessimistic emotional experience, gratitude (hostility) to people, lack of care for things, and dissatisfaction with life. Over time, psychological barriers will inevitably occur. I consulted a boy in Harbin. Because he was not used to the food in the school cafeteria, he booked a party in a small restaurant near the school, which broke away from his parents and often drank some wine. After drinking, he got into a fight with a boy because he turned on the tap, and was detained for inspection.
(B), interpersonal contradictions
The university campus is a crowded place. Faced with students from different regions, with different cultural backgrounds and values, and fresh personalities, interpersonal conflicts are particularly prominent. A considerable number of students are dissatisfied with their interpersonal relationships and deeply feel that interpersonal relationships are complex and lonely. In libraries, study rooms, canteens and water rooms, interpersonal frictions caused by crowding are common. There are also some students who are worried that they can't find a true confidant because of their lack of communication experience, skills and methods, and have different degrees of interpersonal anxiety. Students who live in single-parent families that have long lacked fatherly love and maternal love, as well as those who have been abused and experienced domestic violence as children, all show introversion and loneliness in interpersonal relationships and are incompatible with their classmates. In addition, some internet addicts who are addicted to online communication also show psychological symptoms of depression, such as weariness of learning, autism, depression, listlessness and dull expression. I once received a depressed female student from a single-parent family in Northeast China. On the first day of school, she had an argument with a classmate in the same dormitory because of a little incident. Before her mother sent her away, she cried with her mother and asked for a shift change or suspension, but her mother asked someone to pay for the shift change. Next, I have no interest in learning. I often skip classes with headaches as an excuse, rarely associate with my classmates, and even my fellow villagers avoid it. I learned from the consultation that before her parents divorced, her father often beat her, and later she lived with her mother, who often educated her. There are few good people in this society, and she can only believe in herself. The author also learned from SCL-90 classification statistics that "the most troublesome problem in recent times" is 16 1 person, accounting for 12.90% of the total number of people tested.
(C) family poverty
Due to the unbalanced economic development in China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region belongs to the underdeveloped minority areas in the west, with a high proportion of poor students. As far as poor college students are concerned, although no one wants to be labeled as "poor students", they can't escape the reality that their living conditions, from food, clothing, housing and transportation to words and deeds, have formed a great contrast with students with good economic conditions. In addition to academic competition, they also have to bear the economic pressure brought by high tuition and living expenses, which leads some students to be depressed because of lack of financial security. A poor female college student cried such a thing to the author. By chance, she got the QQ number of a poor male student in our college from a friend. She wants to discuss loans and part-time jobs with her. When she sent out "We are not Li Ka-shing's children, it's not my fault that we are poor", the other party immediately hung up and refused to chat with her. Being depressed, she turned to the author for help.
(4), lovelorn
A scholar said, "Love hurts as many souls as it kills." College students are in their youth, eager for friendship and heterosexual love. The phenomenon of love is increasing year by year, but the success rate of love is relatively low. According to the survey of a university, among the 90 pairs of junior students who are in love, only 17 pairs formally confirmed their relationship before graduation, accounting for 18.8%. It can be seen that many college students have experienced the frustration of love and the psychological experience of lovelorn. Because we can't treat lovelorn correctly, some students feel depressed, lose confidence and inferiority, and have a strong sense of failure and frustration after lovelorn. I even have suicidal thoughts. Among the students with psychological problems I received at work, emotional problems accounted for a large part.
Thirdly, the correction and adjustment of college students' depression psychology.
(A), the correction of college students' depression
1. Strengthen mental health education. College students' mental health education is all-round, and each grade has its own emphasis from beginning to end. First, optimize the campus environment. Suhomlinski, a famous educator, once said: "It is one of the most subtle fields in the education process to educate with the environment, the scenes created by students themselves and everything rich in the collective spiritual life." In other words, in the process of education, in addition to teachers, the environment is also an educator. Especially the relaxed and harmonious interpersonal environment not only affects people's emotions, intelligence, thoughts and behaviors, but also makes people feel comfortable, stimulates people's perseverance and fighting spirit, and promotes physical and mental health. Second, ideological and moral cultivation courses and mental health education courses are the main channels of psychological education. Teachers should not only impart knowledge, but also focus on shaping healthy personality. Leaders at all levels, teachers in all subjects, teaching assistants and administrators are also duty-bound to educate students' depression psychology. For example, psychological education information officers are selected among teachers and counselors in order to find problems in time and communicate with each other. Third, give play to the important role of the school psychological counseling center. Although it is very important to consult individual cases, it is more important to consult in the form of lectures and group consultation for psychological problems that often appear in different grades (freshmen's environmental adaptation education, senior students' psychological preparation guidance before employment). Students should pay close attention to every problem in the mental health file and do a good job of return visit. At the same time, recruit volunteers among students and train peer counselors. They might as well do emotional counseling for the problem students around them. In addition, for students who are lovelorn and have interpersonal conflicts, you can consult a group of 6-8 people.
2. Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is an important means to correct college students' depression. First of all, supportive psychotherapy is the most commonly used for depression psychology. Through listening, * * * emotion, explanation, and repeated assurance and guidance, students can correctly understand and treat the nature of their own depression psychology, and mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative in cooperating with treatment. Support and encouragement play an important role. Secondly, cognitive therapy is helpful to relieve symptoms such as bad interpersonal relationship, depression and anxiety. By correcting incorrect thoughts and restraining and changing excessive and narrow emotional reactions, students can re-establish a new cognitive structure for people, things and themselves, improve their self-esteem and self-confidence, restore their social adaptability, and achieve a balanced psychological state. Thirdly, entertainment therapy, color therapy and music therapy can also be used to cultivate temperament and eliminate depression. In the process of treatment, the instructor should pay attention to the use of language and behavior strategies, and adopt systematic and positive adjustment and intervention methods that can make students fully cooperate to help them change their adverse reactions to external information and enhance their adaptability.
(B), the adjustment of college students' depression psychology
The adjustment of college students' depression psychology mainly refers to the self-adjustment of depression. First, contact and associate with people as much as possible. Talk to relatives, friends, classmates, psychologists and psychological hotlines in time about the accumulated anguish and troubles in the heart, so as to dispel blood stasis, calm the frustrated mind and heal the emotional wounds. Second, face the reality, understand your own advantages and disadvantages, and set your own life goals. Never set yourself some difficult goals. You can divide a big and complicated job into several small parts, and do what you can according to your priorities. Don't do everything. Third, actively change your living environment and content and develop your talents and interests. Participate in some campus activities and community organizations as much as possible, and try to do some slight physical exercise and cultural and sports activities. When depressed, take a walk on campus or in the suburbs, watch TV and movies, or listen to music and keep a diary. Avoid events or people that cause bad emotions, and achieve the purpose of stabilizing and regulating emotions by diverting attention. Fourth, create a good mood and learn to live happily. Positive self-suggestion, love of life, tolerance, humor, caring for others, good at talking, smart forgetting, etc. Can create a good mood and realize a happy life. In short, everyone's situation is different, and the degree of life stress may be different. Positive self-regulation is the key to prevent depressed patients from developing psychological abnormalities.
References:
Fan Fumin's Psychological Health and Development of College Students, Tsinghua University Publishing House, 1997.
Seven obstacles across the mind, edited by Democracy and Construction Press, Jutianzhong June 2004 5438+ 10.
Li Youhui and Wang Zhiming edited Psychiatry Zhengzhou University Press, June 5-438+ 10, 2003.
With the development of Internet, many people are used to shopping online. It has become a fashion. Some of our students also joined the group.
Online shop