The fundamental point of Mencius' argument is the theory of good nature, and the core is the thought of benevolent governance. My Country is also taken from Mencius Liang, which is the most important chapter in Mencius that embodies the idea of "benevolent government". In view of the social reality of the disharmony between the monarch and the people, Mencius, from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the ruling class, advocated king, and discussed the relationship between "benevolent government" and "governing the world", making it the general outline of the whole book of Mencius. Mencius studied literature and martial arts all his life, kept a low profile, and sought "benevolent government" when he was not in office, showing his broad mind of taking the world as his own responsibility. However, in the Warring States period, the idea of "benevolence" governing the country had no social foundation at all. Mencius actively used the world and left a perfect blueprint for governing the country for future generations. His thoughts and ideas can be called "human truth" through the ages. 1 From my own country. Did Mencius convince Liang? According to historical records, Mencius lived in Daliang, the capital of Wei State, for more than a year. At that time, Liang should regard Mencius as a distinguished guest. Before and after Liang Huimeng, he carried out reforms based on the examination, but the effect was not obvious. On the contrary, Wei Yan avoided the celebrities such as Wuqi, Sun Bin, Shang Yang, Yi Cheung, and so on. From the brain drain of the country, we can see that Wei was politically corrupt at that time, and Liang was also mediocre and groggy. Therefore, although Mencius received courtesy from Liang, it was difficult for him to be really appreciated and reused. Secondly, Liang asked Mencius about politics, and Mencius advised him that "benevolent politics is king" in order to eliminate national utilitarianism and correct current abuses. In this regard, Liang clearly knows from the events of innovation in various countries that this is not an easy task and will be fiercely resisted because it infringes on the rights and interests of the nobility. Even if Lao Liang Wang Hui wanted to, he didn't have the ability to do so, so he dared not rashly implement Mencius' thought. Third, after Liang's death, Mencius had a bad impression of the new king. "I don't look like a gentleman, but I can't tell." After seeing Wang Xiang, Mencius thought that Wei Xiangwang did not have the dignity that a monarch should have, and lacked dignified and calm demeanor. In the face of such a monarch, Mencius preached the idea of benevolent government and loving the people to him in plain language, but in the end he didn't see the result. Soon, Mencius left Wei. 2. Why is Mencius' thought not adopted? The general guiding ideology of Mencius' "benevolent government" thought is people-oriented thought; The idea of building a harmonious society; At the same time, it has also developed from "love" to the idea of sustainable development that cherishes all resources; Reasonable Scientific Outlook on Development thought; Emphasize that material needs are people's first needs, and clarify the necessity of spiritual civilization construction. It is particularly noteworthy that Mencius put forward the concept of "responsible government", and the government cannot shirk its responsibility when problems arise. As for his philosophical theory, as far as this lesson is concerned, we see more of his simple dialectics and materialism. Make the people "hungry" first, and then "sincerely teach and apply the meaning of filial piety"; Dealing with the problem of harmonious coexistence between man and nature from the viewpoint of connection and development; See the essence through the phenomenon, and understand the truth of "pot calling the kettle black" and the ruling essence of Liang. These are typical philosophical thoughts. Mencius put forward these political ideas with modern consciousness more than two thousand years ago, which is really commendable. These policies advocated by Mencius reflected the needs of social, political, economic and cultural development at that time, and they are still of progressive significance even today. However, in Mencius' era, it was a society in which feudal lords competed for hegemony, wars were frequent, innocent people were killed indiscriminately, and the law of the jungle prevailed. The tyranny of the rulers brought the tragic reality to people everywhere. This can be seen from Mencius' other articles, "There are all murderers today", "The people are hungry in fierce years, the old and the weak turn into ravines, the strong are scattered in all directions, and thousands of troops are vying to kill people"; Fighting for the city, killing the city: this so-called eating human flesh is unforgivable! "In such a social environment, the monarch's life is so severe, how can they have extra time to care about the lives of ordinary people? All these ideas, although so appropriate and operable in theory, are far from being thirsty for the governors in the war! If Tao Yuanming's Xanadu really exists, perhaps the key lies in the "desperate" living environment of "Xanadu" and "those who don't know how to have a Han, no matter Wei and Jin Dynasties"! 3. What are the similarities between Mencius' Republic and Confucius' Republic? Confucius didn't make it clear what kind of society he wanted to achieve. He only thought that today was troubled times, as can be seen from "there is a way in the world, and the hills are not easy to change", until he once said: "Mo Chun, the spring clothes have been exhausted, and the champion is five or six, and the boy is six or seven, bathing in the release, dancing in the wind and singing on the back. "This just sketched a beautiful blueprint for the teacher's life, which can be perceived from The Sigh of the Master. This is a free, relaxed and peaceful society without any pressure to survive! This is a pure ideal society. However, Mencius' "utopia" is tangible and there is a way to go. Elaborating from the aspects of politics, economy, education, etc., is highly operational and has the characteristics of the primary stage of socialism, rather than Confucius' "Great Harmony Society". Mencius' ideal is the process and way of Confucius' ideal, and it is also the supplement and perfection of the theory. Confucius' ideal is the ultimate goal of Mencius' thought! Source: Composition Weekly Senior One Reading and Writing Edition