Fund-raising management Article 1 Fund-raising management of public hospitals
Abstract: Public hospitals are important public welfare institutions in China, and a sustainable and effective source of funds is the premise of their operation and development. This paper will introduce the principles and significance of fund-raising management in public hospitals in China, and then analyze the shortcomings and problems according to the overall situation of fund-raising management in public hospitals in China. Finally, the relevant countermeasures to improve the level of fund-raising management are put forward.
Keywords: sources of funds for public fund-raising management in public hospitals
With the development of market economy, China's medical system is also undergoing corresponding reform. At this time, public hospitals are facing great changes in their living environment. It can be said that public hospitals are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities, and their survival and development needs depend on their own choices; Especially in solving the problem of funding sources, public hospital cities need to carefully consider their financing methods and channels, and the effective guarantee of their funding sources is the basis and prerequisite for solving other problems in hospitals, so financial personnel and hospital leaders need to adopt efficient and scientific financing methods in a timely and reasonable manner.
Fund-raising activities of public hospitals refer to that public hospitals raise necessary funds through various legal channels to maintain their normal operation, meet the normal daily operation and development of public hospitals, and use them for various medical business activities, management activities, competition activities or investment activities. The financing of public hospitals is usually divided into short-term financing and long-term financing. The purpose of short-term fund-raising activities is to maintain the normal operation of hospitals, while long-term fund-raising activities are generally to develop new business or enhance the competitiveness of hospitals. In fund-raising activities, it is necessary to ensure the legitimacy of fund-raising channels, reasonably control their costs and risks, choose appropriate fund-raising methods, and ensure repayment. These are the financing principles that public hospitals need to follow. China's policy emphasizes the right of everyone to enjoy basic medical and health services, and also advocates that hospitals absorb social forces to carry out diversified medical services; Undoubtedly promoted the marketization of public hospitals in China; Moreover, the non-profit of public hospitals in China has the value of ensuring the physical and mental health of the broad masses of people. At present, public hospitals have considerable competitive advantages in reputation and staffing.
First, the drawbacks of financing management in public hospitals
(A) the structure of the source of funds is flawed
For a long time, China's medical institutions have regarded the drug price difference as the main component of income funds, which has led to the inflated drug price and poor people. Is it expensive to see a doctor? Social problems, etc. The funds of public hospitals mainly come from government financial allocation and self-raised funds of hospitals. As a fund raiser, the rational allocation and utilization of funds from these two aspects need to complement each other to ensure that they are in the best balance and better serve the operation and development of hospitals. However, judging from the current operating situation of public hospitals in China, due to the policy changes in recent years, the government's financial allocation to hospitals has been greatly reduced, and the income obtained by hospitals from drugs and medical services has become the main source of their funds, thus destroying the balance system of capital structure of public hospitals and causing hospitals to raise drug prices; However, with the deepening of market economy reform and the adjustment and monitoring of drug prices and inspection fees by policies, the competitiveness and viability of public hospitals in the market environment are also declining. Judging from the current situation, the single source of funds in public hospitals can no longer adapt to the development of the current situation; In order to obtain economic benefits, some public hospitals downplay their essential public welfare, and transfer the operating losses and financial pressure brought by expansion to the people, which intensifies? Is it difficult to see a doctor? Social problems.
(B) the lack of financing concepts and capital operation concepts
During the planned economy period, public hospitals were in a state of blind and passive fund management for a long time, which made the medical price far lower than the medical cost, and many hospitals could not effectively adjust their development strategies and policies to adapt to the market economy for a long time. The traditional concept of fund-raising and fund operation in public hospitals obviously does not adapt to the current market development. On the one hand, it increases the survival pressure of hospitals, on the other hand, it also causes negative effects in society. Although the economic benefit of a hospital is the foundation and guarantee to realize its social benefit, without a mature concept of financing and capital operation, the hospital cannot introduce the concept of marketization, let alone solve the current operating situation of public hospitals.
Second, public hospital financing management countermeasures
(1) Adopt multi-channel financing.
The source of funds and financing mechanism of public hospitals must take government capital as the leading factor and non-profit social capital investment as the long-term development direction; With the changes in the market environment of medical institutions, for-profit social capital should be properly utilized. For public hospitals, their fund-raising management is not only an economic issue, but also a livelihood issue. At present, public hospitals in China can carry out fund-raising activities through various channels, including: government financial subsidies, long-term and short-term bank loans, government discount loans and fixed assets loans, financial leasing, accounts payable, accepting charitable donations and loans from foreign governments and organizations, and other financing channels.
Among them, government financial subsidies are an important financing channel for public hospitals, which are distributed throughout the country. This part of the funds is relatively limited, so it is mainly used to pay staff salaries, research funds and purchase some fixed assets. At present, long-term and short-term bank loans are the main measures to solve the shortage of funds in public hospitals in China, accounting for more than 90%; Government discount loans and fixed assets loans are often used in combination. The former has the dual functions of policy subsidy and commercial financing, and its interest is subsidized by the government, while the fixed asset loan has the characteristics of large loan amount, long term, high interest rate and the need for project approval. Accounts payable refers to the right to obtain deferred payment by using the commercial credit of the hospital, which is generally used to solve the problem of liquidity shortage. In addition to government subsidies, large-scale medical equipment necessary for hospitals can also be purchased by means of financial leasing; Financial leasing has the characteristics of long term, large risk reward transfer and installment payment. It is a win-win financing model, which can not only alleviate the shortage of funds in hospitals, but also accelerate the construction of hospitals and enhance their market competitiveness. Medical project cooperation is a way of raising funds for two or more public hospitals to expand their business scope, reduce hospital costs and increase their income through mutual cooperation of human and material resources.
It is difficult for public hospitals to apply for special financial allocations and accumulate their own funds, and the financing amount is small. Foreign government loans have become a good choice, but the application is difficult and demanding. Adopting a combination of various financing channels will not only help solve the dilemma of insufficient funds, but also reduce the operating costs and financial risks of hospitals accordingly. In fund-raising management, hospitals are required to fully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and management should raise market risk awareness, choose appropriate fund-raising methods according to market conditions, reduce costs and risks, and obtain the most ideal economic and social benefits with limited funds.
(2) Absorbing social funds
Public hospitals belong to public welfare undertakings and aim to meet the basic medical needs of the people. However, there is still a big gap in the ability and theory of providing medical services in public hospitals in China. Is it expensive to see a doctor? Social phenomenon. On the other hand, the financial subsidies, medical income and other sources of funds obtained by public hospitals are still not in harmony with the huge capital demand of hospitals, which has affected their normal and good operation and development. In the increasingly fierce competition environment, public hospitals cannot develop rapidly due to limited financial allocation and insufficient sources of their own funds, which requires public hospitals to find more financing channels to solve the shortage of funds. It is required that public hospitals should not only improve the cost concept of fund use, but also strengthen the risk awareness of fund management, improve the fund management ability, promote the efficiency of public hospitals, enhance their market competitiveness, promote the development of public hospitals by raising funds, and provide better and better medical services for the society. Like other markets, China's medical market also contains immeasurable potential, which is an opportunity for the development of public hospitals. It is necessary to assess the situation, make bold innovations, and adopt scientific and reasonable financing methods to absorb social capital on the premise of legality and feasibility. (C) the establishment of liquidity evaluation indicators
First of all, public hospitals should set up liquidity evaluation indicators related to liquidity, which can be used as indicators. The occupied current assets are usually composed of raw materials, in-process products and finished products, which need to be judged in combination with the overall industry and market competition. The greater the proportion of occupied current assets to invested current assets, the worse the operating liquidity of enterprises; The higher the proportion of current assets to the total assets of the hospital, the better the liquidity of the hospital.
Secondly, the hospital can establish a profitability evaluation system of current assets, taking the profitability of current assets as the evaluation standard, mainly considering the health funds flowing into the hospital, that is, the operating net cash flow; The specific method is to take the present value of the net inflow of current assets and match it with the present value of the project investment to calculate its liquidity profitability, that is, the embedded rate of return of the project. In addition, the liquidity output rate can also be used as the profitability index of liquidity; Generally speaking, this method is to obtain the ratio of hospital cash outflow to cash inflow as an analysis of its liquidity appreciation efficiency.
The liquidity risk assessment system of public hospitals is used for fund-raising management. Risk evaluation indicators are often evaluated by liquidity recovery rate, which refers to the ratio of the output value of liquidity during the enterprise period to the average liquidity during the corresponding period. The higher the value, the shorter the liquidity cycle, that is, the faster the turnover speed, the higher the security and profitability of its funds, which means the smaller the risk. Calculating the payback period of working capital is also one of the risk assessment methods. The payback period of working capital is generally equal to the sum of the payback period of accounts receivable and the liquidation period of inventory. The smaller the payback period of working capital, the higher the efficiency of working capital. In addition, the ratio of current assets to current liabilities can also reflect the corresponding problems. The higher the current ratio, the better the short-term solvency. Generally speaking, the ideal current ratio is 2.
Three. Concluding remarks
At present, China's economic system is constantly improving, and the reform and improvement of the medical system are further deepened; As an important part of public hospital management, strengthening hospital financial management is an inevitable requirement to improve the overall efficiency of the hospital and ensure its sustainable development. This paper discusses the fund-raising management of public hospitals in China. Firstly, it introduces the basic principles and main purposes of fund-raising in public hospitals, and analyzes the current situation of fund-raising management in public hospitals in China. Then, some suggestions and solutions are put forward to some existing problems, such as combining various channels to raise funds, absorbing social funds according to their own actual situation under the premise of legal policy, and establishing a reasonable liquidity evaluation system. There is still a long way to go to improve the fund management level of public hospitals in China, which is related to the achievements of the reform of the medical system in the whole society, and needs to be strengthened from the source, that is, fund-raising management.
References:
[1] Tian Dan, Chen, et al. Review and evaluation of policies related to public welfare in public medical institutions [J]. China Hospital Management, 2007,27
[2] Cao Qinle. Financing channels and methods of state-owned hospitals [J]. Health Economic Research, 2009, 10
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