Key words: regular script, Yan Zhenqing, majestic, multi-tower monument, "Yan Liu"
Regular script, also called regular script, regular script and official script, is gradually evolved from official script and is more simplified. The font is changed from flat to square, and the strokes are simplified, which preserves the wave potential of Han Li and can be used as a model, so it is named regular script. Regular script is characterized by neat rules, so it is called regular script, which has been used ever since. Regular script prevailed in the Six Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. From the Qin and Han dynasties to the formation of regular script in the Three Kingdoms period, the development of regular script was at its peak in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties represented by Wang Xizhi. The prosperity of calligraphy in the Northern Dynasty is the symbol of the prosperity of regular script, and its simple and vigorous artistic style forms a double-peak confrontation with the beautiful and elegant style in the South. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing innovated with heroism, and in the late Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan kept pace with Yan Jin with Liu Gu, forming the great face of Tang Kai. The representatives of regular script are Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu.
Yan Zhenqing (709 ~ 785), a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was a representative of calligraphy innovation in the middle Tang Dynasty. His regular script is dignified and magnificent, and his pen is magnificent. Yan Zhenqing studied as a child, and Zhang Xu taught him personally. He also learned from Cai Yong, Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi and Chu Suiliang, and developed them, forming his own unique style. Its regular script is square and dense, the strokes are light and heavy, the brushwork is vigorous and round, and the momentum is solemn and vigorous, so it is called Yan Ti. His calligraphy is vigorous, comfortable and energetic, which not only has the charm of the previous calligraphy style, but also is not bound by the ancient law. It broke through the rut of the early Tang Dynasty and formed its own picture, called "quiver". China occupies a special position in the history of calligraphy. Only Yan Zhenqing can shine alongside the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi. His calligraphy is characterized by regular script and cursive script, and the inscriptions written in regular script are correct, beautiful and powerful. He was born when regular script was popular, contrary to Wang Xizhi's typical, and created a new atmosphere of calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing used a round pen for calligraphy, and Wang Xizhi used Fang Bi, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Yan Zhenqing's existing calligraphy works include: Duota Monument, Yan Family Temple Monument, Yan Monument, Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji, and Sacrifice to Bo Manuscript. He and Liu Gongquan, another calligrapher famous for regular script in Tang Dynasty, are called "Yan Liu".
Yan Zhenqing's regular script has his unique style and brushwork. In terms of brushwork, he introduced the round brushwork of seal script and official script into regular script, which broke Wang Xizhi's commandment of using Fang Bi and added a rich and graceful style to his works. He was regarded as a pioneer by calligraphers who used round pens in later generations and had a far-reaching influence on later generations. In terms of artistic aesthetics, Yan Zhenqing's anti-Zen nature and ethereal spirit in Wei and Jin Dynasties reflected his simple, realistic, open-minded and open-minded style with a simple quality, which broke the tradition of taking beauty and ethereal as aesthetic standards since Wei and Jin Dynasties and created a new standard of being generous and taking reality as beauty. This is a great innovation on the basis of inheriting the tradition, which greatly enriched the connotation of calligraphy art. Since then, China calligraphy has basically developed along the route of Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing.
Su Shi gave a very high evaluation of Yan Zhenqing's regular script: "Change the law and innovate", "The beauty of the book is nothing more than Yan Lugong." (Comment on Chinese Poetry) Zhu praised Yan Shu in "Continued Book Score": "Points are like falling rocks, paintings are like clouds, hooks are like gold, and horses are like crossbows. There are images in both vertical and horizontal directions, high-spirited and ambitious. Since the dedication, no one has said it. "
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy realm has experienced numerous processes of self-denial, self-sublation and self-improvement. First of all, he went through a long and arduous exploration stage of thirty or forty years. He studied extensively, absorbed nutrition in many ways, and created a large number of steles handed down from ancient times, such as many pagodas and Confucius Temple steles. In writing, he pursues calmness and richness, and in structure, he pursues integrity and dignity. He inherited the calligraphy style of the early Tang Dynasty, was strict and self-disciplined, and tried to get rid of the influence of the times. When he knew his destiny, he initially established his own book style. With the continuous enrichment of life experience and life experience, his spiritual space has been continuously expanded. He repeatedly tempered his early font features in form and expression, constantly explored the exquisiteness of strokes and structure, and strived to pursue the majestic momentum of his works. It can be seen from Dong Fangshuo's "Painting Praise" and other works that he strengthened his wrist, moved the center, and adopted the method of seal writing to turn the circle into a hidden front. The strokes are contrasted by horizontal thin and vertical thick; Structurally, it is dignified and steady, and the middle palace is spacious. It does not simply focus on the side, nor does it pose with a tight left and loose right structure. It is a symmetrical structure integrated into the seal script method, showing an upright bearing and image; In the layout of words, it is not elegant-oriented, but dense-shaped to enrich and strengthen the momentum of works. On the whole, the momentum is broader and the tortuous structure is more magnificent and graceful.
Especially in his later years, Yan Zhenqing's regular script art reached the realm of "doing whatever he wants without overstepping the bounds", such as Yan Liqin's Monument, which was even more solemn and steady. In the process of constantly denying and affirming life and calligraphy, I realized the true meaning of calligraphy art, and merged the philosophy of life and the philosophy of art into one furnace, so that my works were filled with the ode of life and the brilliance of personality, and my outstanding spirit, strong soul and rich life were integrated into one, showing a unique face of heavy, magnificent and magnificent artistic realm, thus establishing an artistic monument that future generations admired in the history of calligraphy.
Yan Zhenqing is an epoch-making calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in China, which marks a milestone in the development of calligraphy in China and occupies a special position in the history of calligraphy in China. As the pioneer and creator of art, he created the "Yan Ti" regular script art that shines brightly in the history of books. With his unique spiritual outlook and artistic style, he initiated a brand-new historical era of China calligraphy, set up an artistic peak, became a gorgeous chapter of China culture, became an important part of China calligraphy art, and propped up half of the calligraphy art. For thousands of years, Yan Kai art has influenced and nurtured generations of calligraphers. After the Tang Dynasty, many calligraphers drew nutrients from Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and produced calligraphers such as Liu Gongquan, Cai Xiang, Dong Qichang, He, Shu Tong and Sha Menghai, which made the history of China's calligraphy shine.
References:
1, Liu Shengjiao, History of Ancient Regular Script Development, China Drama Publishing House, 2002+02.
This is the paper I wrote in the calligraphy appreciation class. You can refer to it. . Teacher Han's