Introduction: john dalton (English: john dalton,1September 6, 766-1July 27, 844) is a British chemist and physicist. A supporter of modern atomic theory. The key theory he provided has made great progress in the field of chemistry since then. By the way, Dalton is color blind. The symptoms of the disease aroused his curiosity. He began to study this topic and finally published a paper on color blindness-the first paper on color blindness in history. Later generations called color blindness Dalton's disease in memory of him. Dalton's main work is a new system of chemical philosophy.

Major achievements: founding atomism. 1803 inherited the naive atomism of ancient Greece and Newton's particle theory, and put forward atomism. The main points are as follows:

(1) chemical elements are composed of inseparable particles-atoms, which are the smallest inseparable units in all chemical changes.

(2) The atomic properties and mass of the same element are the same, but the atomic properties and mass of different elements are different, and atomic mass is one of the basic characteristics of elements.

(3) When different elements are combined, atoms are combined in a simple integer ratio. The law of multiple is deduced and proved by experiments. If the mass of one element is fixed, the mass of another element in various compounds must be a simple integer ratio.

A short story about him: On Christmas Eve, Dalton bought a pair of "brown-gray" socks for his mother as a Christmas present. Mother thought the socks were too bright when she saw them, so she said to Dalton, "How can I wear these cherry red socks you bought?" Dalton felt very strange: socks are obviously brown and gray, why does mother say they are cherry red? Dalton was puzzled, took the socks and asked his brother and the people around him. All the people who were asked said that the socks were cherry red except his brother. Dalton didn't let this little thing go easily. After careful analysis and comparison, he found that his and his brother's color vision was different from others. It turns out that my brother and I are both color blind. Although Dalton was neither a biologist nor a medical scientist, he became the first person to find color blindness and the first patient to be found to have color blindness. For this reason, he wrote a paper "On Color Blindness" and became the first person in the world to put forward the problem of color blindness. Later, in memory of him, people called color blindness Dalton's disease.