He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. Famous sentence: in a threesome, there must be a teacher, choose the good one and follow it, and choose the bad one and change it.
Lao Zi, surnamed Li, was born in Bo Yang, a native of Chuguoku County (now Luyi County). He lived about 57 1 year to 47 1 year ago and was a Tibetan caretaker in the Zhou Dynasty. Laozi is a great ancient thinker known to our people. The classic Tao Te Ching written by Laozi initiated ancient Chinese philosophy. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years.
Mencius, whose name is Ke, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period and now in Zoucheng, Shandong Province. Born in about 372 BC, he died in 289 BC. Although he is a descendant of Lu Guizhi, he lost his father since childhood and his family was poor. According to legend, Mencius' mother was very virtuous and worked hard to raise him. In order to create a good neighborhood environment for Mencius, Meng Mu moved three times, and finally found a scholar as a neighbor, which finally made Mencius a great success. In his later years, he returned to his hometown, and together with Zhang Wan and other close students, he "prefaced the book of poems, explained the meaning of Zhong Ni, and wrote seven pieces of Mencius". On the one hand, I sort out and expound Confucian classics, on the other hand, I sort out my own remarks and deeds into books. Today, the most important basis for us to understand and study Mencius' thought is Mencius. Mencius was a famous thinker in ancient China. He was born in China during the transition from slavery to feudalism. He is the representative of Neo-Confucianism, inheriting and developing Confucianism founded by Confucius. He is the second master of Confucianism and is respected as a saint by later generations. Famous sentence: Hard-working people govern others, and hard-working people govern others.
Qu Yuan (about 340 ~ 278 BC) was born in Lepingli, San Lv Township, Zigui County. He was a statesman of Chu and a great poet of China during the Warring States Period. The name is flat, the word is original, the cloud name is correct, and the word is clever. He was born into a noble family in Chu. At first, he assisted Wang Huai and worked as a doctor in San Lv. He advocated defining statutes and rewarding talents, linking Qi to the east and rejecting Qiang Qin to the west. Zheng Xiu left her job after being slandered by the noble Zilan (pregnant with Wang Youdi). Xiang was exiled when he became king. Later, due to political corruption in Chu State, Ying Du was captured by Qin Jun and died in Miluo River. Li Sao, Nine Chapters, etc. He expounded his political views many times, exposing the crimes of reactionary aristocrats' ignorance and decadence and rejecting talents. On the basis of absorbing the nutrition of folk literature and art, he created a new form of Sao style, which combined myths and legends with beautiful language and rich imagination, created a vivid image and was full of positive romantic spirit, which had a great influence on later generations. Famous sentence: The road is long in Xiu Yuan, long in Xiu Yuan, and long in Xiu Yuan. I will go up and down for it!
Sima Qian was a historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145), born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), the date of death is unknown. Sima Qian 10 years old began to study ancient literature biographies. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo. At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Soon, he became a doctor, bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and accompanied him to the Western Seas many times, and sent envoys to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), he, Luo and others customized calendars to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu. After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is the first biography of China, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records is an excellent literary work with vivid language and vivid image. Sima Qian also wrote a book, Bao Ren 'an, describing his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all previous dynasties. Famous sentence: people are inherently mortal, and death is heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.
Li Bai (70 1~762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. His ancestral home is Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province). At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he rented a house in Central Asia to commit crimes. Li Bai's family background and birthplace are still a mystery, and there are different opinions in academic circles. Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City, which is under the jurisdiction of Duhu Prefecture in Anxi, and moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong County, Mianzhou at the age of five. Li Bai is unrestrained, loves the style of strategists, loves Ren Xia and despises commodities. I spent my early years in Shu. His father is a rich businessman. Li Bai began to roam the whole country at the age of twenty-five, passing through Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan, Shandong and other places. Li Bai despises powerful people. It is said that he was drunk and Gao Made took off his boots in front of Xuanzong. Gao Lishi thought it was a great shame, so he picked Li Bai's poems and angered Yang Guifei. Every time Xuanzong asked Li Bai to be an official, Yang Guifei stopped him. Knowing that Xuanzong's cronies had a problem with him, Li Bai begged to return to China. Xuanzong gave him property and told him to leave. Li Bai was a great romantic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, and was known as "Poet Fairy". His poems are heroic and magnificent, containing the fantasy of breaking through the reality, reflecting on the sufferings of people's livelihood at that time and attacking the political darkness. His prose is fresh, clear, unrestrained and fluent. The author of the complete works of Li Taibai. Famous sentence: I was born useful, spinning a thousand pieces of silver, come back all! .
Du Fu (7 12—770) was born in Gongxian County (now gongyi city, Henan Province), the southern house of Tanghe River. Tu Yu, a distant ancestor, was born in Ling Du, Jingzhao (now northeast of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province), so he called himself "Buyi, Ling Du", "Yelao, Ling Du" and "Yeke, Ling Du". When I was young, I traveled to Sanjin, Wuyue, Zhao Qi and other places, chasing fame and fortune, and failed to be admitted. In the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1), Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty presented "three gifts", which surprised Xuanzong. He was ordered to make a collection of sages. Fourteen years later, he was awarded the commander of Hexi, and later changed to a right-back to lead the government soldier Cao Shenjun. When Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an, he lived near Shaoling in the south of the city, calling himself "Shaoling Yelaotou" and was known as "Du Shaoling". An Shi rebelled and was once caught as a thief. In April (757), the second year of Su Zong's arrival in Germany, Du Fu went from Chang 'an to Fengxiang and was named Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi. Xuan was demoted to join the army because he saved the prime minister's office. After he abandoned his post, he lived in places such as Long, Shu, Hu and Xiang successively, so-called "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth". In the meantime, I once lived on the banks of Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, also known as "Du Huanhua". In 764, in the second year of Zong Guangde, Jiannan made Yan known as "Du Gongbu". There are two books circulating in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in the historical period of Li Tang from prosperity to decline. His poems widely and profoundly reflect the real life and social contradictions before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are known as "the history of poetry". He is a master of China's classical poetry. He is very good in all aspects, inactive, profound in practice, depressed and frustrated, and is respected as a "poet saint" by the world. There are more than 450 existing poems/kloc-0. There are "Du Gongbu collections" in the world. Famous sentence: There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which make the poor people all over the world happy.
Su Shi (1037-1101): a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zizhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Su Xun. Jia You Jinshi Zongshen opposed Wang Anshi's new law when he served in the ancestral temple.
And seek a foreign post, as a judge in Hangzhou, knowing Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". At that time, Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin, and once knew Hangzhou, Yingzhou and other places. , a former does history. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou.
He died in Changzhou in the second year after returning to the North. Chasing Wen Zhong in Southern Song Dynasty. Being of the same clan as my father and brother, they are collectively called "Three Sows". Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has the requirements of reform shortcomings. Wang Yang is one of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties. His articles are bold and fluent. His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated. He is good at running script and regular script. He studied under Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and he can find a new way. The end of the pen is ups and downs, naive. Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei are also called "Song Sijia". He can draw bamboo, learn literature and like making strange stones. On painting, he advocates "spirit likeness" and thinks that "on painting, it is similar in shape and adjacent to children"; He spoke highly of the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry and poetry in painting". His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo and so on. There are some books that survive in the world, such as Teacher Xie's Essays, Several Sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, and Huangzhou Cold Food Poems. His paintings include "Strange Trees and Stones" and "Bamboo Stones". Famous sentence: I wish people a long life and a thousand miles of beautiful scenery.
Guan Hanqing (1225? ~ 1300? ), the word Han Qing, and has been lent; Most (now Beijing) people, whose household registration belongs to Tai Hospital, have not found his own medical record. When Kim died, he was still a teenager; When the yuan was invested (127 1), it was nearly half a year. During Zhiyuan and Dade years, he was active in the creation circle of zaju, interacting with many writers and actors, and sometimes taking part in performances, becoming a famous leader of the pear garden. He once went south to Hangzhou and wrote a divertimento "Scenery of Hangzhou", including the sentence "The Great Yuan Dynasty was attached to the new country, and the old China people died in the Song Dynasty". It can be seen that he is still alive after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and the reunification of the North and the South. He also wrote ten songs of great virtue, including "Hit one, hit one, sing a new line of great virtue". "Song of Virtue" was just a popular poem at that time, which shows that his creative activities continued until the early years of Virtue. Guan Hanqing wrote 67 kinds of zaju in his life, and now there are 18 kinds, namely: Yuan, Lu Zhailang, Jiufengchen, Wangjiangge, Butterfly Dream, Jinxintan, Xie Tianxiang, Yujingtai and Single Whip Capture. Famous sentence: land, what are you, good or bad? God, you are both smart and stupid!
Cao Xueqin (17 15? ~ 1763? ) Qing Dynasty novelist, author of A Dream of Red Mansions. The word Meng Ruan,No. Xueqin,No. Qinpu, a native of Western Qin. My ancestral home is Liaoyang. The ancestors were originally Han Chinese, but later they entered the flag register, which is the Zhengbai flag. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Cao Jiacheng became a member of the "Ministry of Internal Affairs" who managed the palace chores. Cao was setting up a military service, and officials transferred salt to Zhejiang and Zhejiang to make the salt law. Since Cao's son Cao (that is, his great-grandfather), the Cao family has served as Jiangning Weaving for more than 60 years. Kangxi visited the South six times and lived in the Weaving Department of Cao Shi during his tenure. Cao's wife is Kangxi's nanny. Cao Xueqin's grandfather, Cao Yin, was the capital of Kangxi. The Cao family had a special relationship with the emperor and belonged to the highest ruling class. Cao Yin has a good literary accomplishment. He is a famous bibliophile and sculptor, who works in both poetry and drama. Cao Xueqin was born in Nanjing and lived a prosperous life in his youth. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Cao Xueqin's father Cao was accused of "dereliction of duty", "harassing a post station" and "losing money" and was dismissed. The following year, the Cao family moved back to Beijing from Nanjing. About the first year of Qianlong (1736), Cao Jia Jia's Dao recovered slightly, but it was completely destroyed soon. In his later years, he lived in the western suburbs of Beijing, living in poverty and relying on friends to help him sell paintings for a living. He is uninhibited, likes drinking, versatile and good at painting. "The poetic style is strange", and the poetic style is close to the Tang Dynasty poet Li He. He is strong-willed, aloof and unyielding, and hates evil. In a poor and difficult environment, he "read a book for ten years, adding and deleting it five times" and insisted on writing the novel A Dream of Red Mansions. A Dream of Red Mansions is a peak of China literature. After his death, he left the first 80 manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions (which had been copied before his death), and there may be some residual manuscripts after 80, but they have been lost and failed to circulate. Forty times after this biography, it is generally believed that it was continued by Gao E. The famous sentence: Everything is learned, and human cultivation is an article.