Abstract: The training goal of higher vocational and technical education is to train high-end skilled and applied talents in the front line of production. In order to ensure the realization of training objectives, a practical teaching system must be established. Combined with the practical teaching of the course of measurement and valuation of construction engineering, this paper discusses the content and guarantee measures of practical teaching.
Paper Keywords: ability; Practical teaching; safeguard measure
The training goal of higher vocational colleges is to train high-end skilled professionals who meet the requirements of engineering construction, have necessary professional theoretical knowledge and strong practical ability, and work directly in the front line of construction projects. In order to ensure the training goal of the college, it is necessary to establish a practical teaching system corresponding to the theoretical teaching system, pay attention to the cultivation of professional and technical ability, strengthen the training of students' basic skills, and comprehensively improve students' comprehensive ability, so that students can reach the basic cultural knowledge and professional theory at the junior college level, and at the same time have higher technical application ability and practical operation skills. When you graduate, you will get a college degree, and at the same time get the corresponding post and qualification certificate (such as the post certificate of budget officer and the certificate of national cost officer), and you can take up your post directly after graduation. Therefore, the establishment of practical teaching system in line with the characteristics of higher vocational education is the key link in the teaching process of higher vocational colleges.
First, the relevant professional research, determine the ability structure of this course.
In the research of related majors, we adopted the method of "inviting industry experts and technical talents in and inviting professional leaders and teachers out". First, listen to the opinions of industry experts and technical personnel in the production line, adopt their suggestions, and collect relevant information to serve the professional construction and curriculum construction. At the same time, a professional research team was set up, which went deep into the production line for many times, carried out professional research and wrote research reports, and determined the ability structure of the course "Measurement and Valuation of Building Engineering". This course has the following ability structure: the ability to apply construction engineering quota; Have the ability to calculate the quantities of construction and decoration projects; Have the ability to prepare budget estimates for construction projects and decoration projects; Have the ability to prepare the bill of quantities for construction projects and decoration projects; Have the ability to prepare stop-loss prices; Have the ability to prepare tender offer; Master the basic skills of computer operation and skillfully use budget software such as Guanglianda, SJM and Luban.
Secondly, according to the ability structure and decomposition ability, determine the practical teaching content, purpose requirements, teaching forms and methods of the course "Measurement and Valuation of Building Engineering".
(A) the application of construction project quota. Master the determination method of labor, materials and machinery consumption in construction engineering quota; Determination method of unit price of labor, materials and machinery; Application of construction engineering quota. According to the engineering case, the construction project quota can be directly calculated and converted, and the partial and itemized expenses can be accurately calculated. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Case teaching method.
(2) Calculation of the number of construction projects and decoration projects. Master the calculation rules and methods of twenty-five sub-items of construction engineering, decoration engineering and measure engineering. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Practice teaching with case method and false questions.
(three) the preparation of construction projects, decoration projects budget. Familiar with the cost quota of building engineering and decoration engineering, master the budgeting method of unit engineering construction drawing and complete the budgeting of unit engineering construction drawing. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Practice teaching with case method and false questions.
(four) the preparation of construction engineering, decoration engineering bill of quantities. Familiar with the concept of bill of quantities and the characteristics of valuation method of bill of quantities; Familiar with the contents of bill of quantities and bill of quantities valuation; Master the preparation of bill of quantities and the determination of comprehensive unit price in bill of quantities valuation. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Practice teaching with case method and false questions.
(five) the establishment of price control. From the tenderer's point of view, according to the preparation steps of control price and the actual situation of the project, complete the preparation of control price. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Practice teaching with case method and false questions.
(six) the preparation of tender offer. From the bidder's point of view, according to the preparation steps of tender offer and the management level of different enterprises, complete the preparation of tender offer. Adopt the teaching form of alternating theory and practice; Practice teaching with case method and false questions.
(7) The application of budget software of Guanglianda and SJM. Familiar with the use of Guanglianda and SJM software to lay the foundation for software skills training. Practice and computer simulation with fake questions.
(8) Skills training. Cultivate students to apply what they have learned and improve their ability to analyze and solve the management and application of measurement and valuation of construction projects. Practice and computer simulation with fake questions.
(9) on-the-job training. Comprehensively examine students' knowledge and skills. Students, as cost engineers, go to the construction site and cost institutions for training on measurement and valuation management and comprehensive application ability of construction projects before graduation. Compilation of control price and tender price for building engineering and decoration engineering.
Third, the characteristics of practical teaching of measurement and valuation of construction engineering
The practical teaching of measurement and valuation of construction engineering has the characteristics of "layered cultivation and gradual improvement". The practical teaching of the course "Measurement and Valuation of Construction Engineering" is divided into four levels: the first and second levels are called the professional basic skills training layer, which is completed alternately by theoretical courses and practical courses, mainly to cultivate students' theoretical and practical ability of measurement and valuation of construction engineering and the basic professional skills that cost engineers should have; The third and fourth layers are called professional comprehensive ability training layers, which are completed by students' skill training and on-the-job training. Students take part in the practical work of measurement and valuation of construction projects as budgeters and cost engineers, and comprehensively apply the knowledge and skills they have learned to adapt to the management and application of measurement and valuation of construction projects as soon as possible.
The first level, the basic level. Teachers demonstrate, students begin, and practice, and integrate the practice into the theoretical teaching (in-class training is mainly based on partial and sub-items). In order to cultivate students' interest in learning, case teaching method and role exchange method are adopted, and buildings familiar to students are taken as engineering examples, such as residential buildings, dormitory buildings, teaching buildings, canteens and libraries.
The second level is learning at the application level. Under the guidance of teachers, students do middle school and simulate training. After the theoretical class, they will be trained in the independent teaching week (independent week, focusing on unit engineering-building, decoration, water, heating and electricity engineering). Through the first level of study, students have mastered the basic methods of measurement and valuation of construction projects. At this time, simple comprehensive training can be carried out. Teachers can give students other familiar engineering drawings. Under the guidance of teachers, combined with practice, study and complete earthwork, pile foundation and foundation engineering, masonry engineering, concrete and reinforced concrete engineering, roof waterproof engineering and thermal insulation engineering in building engineering. In decoration engineering, the measurement and quotation calculation of engineering quantities of floor engineering, wall cylindrical engineering, suspended ceiling engineering, doors and windows engineering, paint and coating engineering, water, heating and electricity engineering, etc., and finally complete the learning task of engineering measurement and valuation of building, decoration, water, heating and electricity unit engineering. Ask students to simulate the tenderer or bidder to make a quotation. When students can correctly give the pre-tender price (tender control price) or bid quotation of a unit project, teachers will give them praise, which will make students feel a sense of accomplishment, thus generating a strong interest in the project cost work and correspondingly achieving the practical teaching and training objectives of this course.
The third level, comprehensive level. Teachers lead the way, students complete it independently, and carry out simulation training, which is carried out in the graduation design of this course (various structural forms). Graduation design is a summary of students' two-year professional study, and it is a comprehensive and comprehensive graduation design that students integrate their knowledge, engineering and technical knowledge and basic economic knowledge. Students are required to know, master and understand the knowledge of architectural drawing, building structure, mechanics and structure, building materials, building construction technology and organization, understand the basic knowledge of building economy and the general principles of statistics, master and be familiar with the fixed base price of project cost, bill valuation specification and atlas, and independently complete graduation design according to the requirements of design task book. Correctly understand and master GB50500-2008 Code for Valuation of Bill of Quantities for Construction Projects, be familiar with the bidding process of construction projects, and master the application and compilation of bill of quantities.