During the Second World War, after German fascists occupied Denmark, a famous physicist in this country was quickly held in hand. This caused great anxiety and anxiety of American President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill. Roosevelt ordered the spy agency to take the physicist away from the Germans at all costs. Churchill personally deployed a covert operation to find the physicist. 1943 10 One night in June, an unmarked mosquito twin-engine plane took the physicist to an empty airport near Edinburgh in northern England. He is a world-famous theoretical physicist and one of the founders of modern quantum physics-Bohr. He combined classical mechanics with quantum theory to describe the orbital motion of electrons, which led to the revolution of atomic theory, and thus won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Bohr was born on 1885 10 10 on October 7th in a wealthy intellectual family in Copenhagen, Denmark. This family provided him with all the advantages of culture and education. Bohr was smart and had a wide range of hobbies when he was young. Bohr's father aroused his interest in physics when he was still in primary school. When he was in middle school, Bohr began to surpass his classmates in academic performance.
1903, Bohr successfully entered the University of Copenhagen. During his college years, he was guided by christiansen, a physicist with unique insights and profound attainments. 1905, Bohr participated in the physics competition organized by Danish Academy of Sciences and won the gold medal awarded by Danish Academy of Sciences.
19 1 1 year, Bohr graduated from the University of Copenhagen. This year, he published a doctoral thesis on the theory of metal electronics, which revealed the difficulties encountered in the theory of metal electronics at that time and made up for the defects of the classical principles of electrodynamics in the past. At this time, he has begun to show his advantages in the scientific community.
19 12 In the spring, Bohr came to Manchester and entered the laboratory of physicist Rutherford. With the support and help of Rutherford, Bohr devoted himself to the study of atomic theory. At that time, Rutherford put forward the nuclear structure model of atoms, which can explain. Particles occasionally deflect greatly when passing through matter, but this model has many defects. Bohr boldly assumes that the orbital momentum of electrons is quantized, and radiation will occur when quantum jumps from one quantum orbit to another. After a lot of experiments and rigorous deduction, he finally confirmed this hypothesis.
19 13 years, he has made great achievements in atomic research. He published three papers on the topic of "Structure of Atoms and Molecules". In this paper, he put forward two famous hypotheses, namely, the steady-state hypothesis and the law of frequency, which laid the research foundation in this field. Bohr's paper explains the spectral law of hydrogen atoms that has not been explained for 25 years, and further proves that it is possible to study the most important electrical constants through spectral observation. Bohr's theory also satisfactorily explained the periodicity of elements, and he changed chemistry from qualitative science to quantitative science, so that physics and chemistry, which were originally unrelated, were unified on the same basis.
19 16 In the afternoon, Bohr established the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen. 19 18, Bohr put forward the correspondence principle between quantum theory and classical theory. 1922, the institute he led discovered the 72nd element on the periodic table-hafnium. In the same year, Bohr won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Two years later, he and two other scientists published a paper on quantum radiation.
1927, German physicist Heisenberg discovered the famous uncertainty relation. This aroused Bohr's great interest. He went all out to study the full meaning of uncertain relationship and put forward the complementarity of this relationship. This new logical relationship solves the problem of bringing the action quantum into the conceptual framework of physics. Bohr's discovery opened up a new situation in the field of science. Then, Bohr continued to attack and solved the problem of extending the mathematical method of quantum mechanics to electrodynamics.
With the development of science in the mid-1930s, nuclear physics has become a hot topic. 1936, Bohr put forward the "droplet model" of nuclear reaction. 1938- 1939, Bohr went to the United States to cooperate with Einstein and completed the experiment to explain the phenomenon of atomic nuclear fission and the radioactivity of fission fragments. Soon, he put forward the complex phenomenon of uranium, pointing out that only this rare isotope with a mass of 235 can be fission caused by slow neutrons; A half-degree isotope with a mass number of 238 cannot. This difference is only due to the different number of neutrons contained in the two isotopes. This discovery directly raises the possibility of explaining the chain reaction of releasing huge nuclear energy.