2. Xunzi expanded his persuasion and said that he should learn from Fukashi.
Indigo is extracted from bluegrass, but its color is darker than bluegrass. Ice is condensed from water, but it is cooler than water. The wood is straight enough to match the straight ink line. If it is bent into a wheel through tanning process, the curvature of wood will meet the standard of roundness. Even if it is dried by the wind and sun, it will not be straight again, because it has been processed like this.
Therefore, after the wood is measured with ink lines, it can be straightened by processing with auxiliary tools, and the metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on a millstone. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, and he will be smart and witty, and his behavior will not be wrong. Therefore, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know how high the sky is; I don't know how thick the ground is without facing the deep stream; If you don't understand the legacy of the emperor, you won't know the breadth of knowledge.
People who commit the crime of smuggling are born with the same sound of crying, but when they grow up, their customs and habits are different, which is created by education. The Book of Songs says, "You are a gentleman, don't always covet comfort.
Respect your work and love the virtue of integrity. The gods will give you good luck and good luck when they hear all this. "
There is no greater spiritual accomplishment than being influenced by morality, and there is no greater blessing than not having a disaster. I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far.
Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Calling with the wind, the voice didn't get louder, but the listener heard it clearly. People who use horses and chariots can walk Wan Li Road without walking fast, and people who use boats and boats can cross the river without being good at swimming.
A gentleman's temperament is no different from that of ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things. In the south, there is a bird called "Mongolian pigeon", which takes feathers as its nest, weaves with hair and ties it to the ear of a tender reed. When the wind blows, the reed spike breaks, the bird's nest falls down and all the eggs are smashed.
It's not that the nest is poorly woven, but that it shouldn't be tied to reeds. There is a kind of grass in the west called "Belamcanda". It is only four inches high, but it can overlook hundreds of miles away. Not because grass can grow tall, but because it grows on the top of the mountain.
Pennisetum grows in hemp fields and can stand upright without support. White sand will not turn white when mixed into black soil. The root of Sophora japonica is called Ai Xiang. Once it is immersed in smelly water, gentlemen and servants will avoid it. It's not that Ai itself is not fragrant, but that it is soaked and stinks. Therefore, a gentleman should choose a good environment to live and a moral person to make friends, so as to prevent delay and protect his moderation and integrity.
Everything happens for a reason, and the arrival of honor and disgrace also corresponds to virtue. Rotten meat gives birth to maggots, while dead fish give birth to worms. If you slack off and forget the code of conduct, something will happen.
Objects that are too hard are easily broken, and those that are too weak are easily bound. If you are not nice to people, it will cause disgust. Dry wood is flammable, low-lying and easy to wet, and there are many animals and plants. Everything is like sheep. Therefore, when the target is set, the bow and arrow will be shot. When a tree grows into a forest, it will lead to axe cutting. When the forest is lush and shady, birds will come to stay. When vinegar turns sour, it will attract mosquitoes. Therefore, words may cause trouble and actions may be humiliated. A gentleman can't help being cautious when dealing with people.
Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate virtue and do good deeds, cultivate noble moral character, and the natural mind will be clear and there will be a spiritual realm of saints. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas.
The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved.
Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully. Earthworms have no sharp claws, teeth, strong bones and muscles, but they can eat dirt and drink spring water because they are single-minded.
A crab has six legs and two crab claws. Without the caves of snakes and eels, it has nowhere to live, because it is impetuous. Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant academic achievements; Without hard work, there will be no great achievements in career.
Neither side will tolerate a man who can't get to his destination on the wrong road and serves two monarchs at the same time. The eyes cannot see two things at the same time and see clearly, and the ears cannot hear two sounds at the same time and hear clearly.
A poisonous snake can fly without feet, and a mouse has five skills, but there is still no way. The poem says: "Cuckoo nests in mulberry trees, and its young birds have seven.
A good gentleman should be single-minded and impartial. Only when the behavior is single-minded and not biased towards evil will the will be rock-solid. "
Therefore, a gentleman is determined and single-minded. In ancient times, there was a harpist, and the fish in the water surfaced to listen. Boya plays the piano, and the horse pulling the cart will stop to eat and look up.
Therefore, the sound will not be heard because it is weak, and the behavior will not be discovered because it is hidden. If Baoyu is buried in a deep mountain, the vegetation is moist, and if pearls fall into the abyss, the cliff shore will not dry up.
Good deeds can be accumulated, and they are not widely told. How can they be accumulated into virtues? Where should learning begin and end? A: According to its practice, it should start with reading poems and other classics and end with reading the Book of Rites. In its sense, it begins with learning and ends with becoming a saint. Sincere practice, such long-term accumulation, will certainly be able to deeply understand the fun, learn to die.
Therefore, although the tutorial of learning has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. It takes a lifetime to learn to be a man, and vice versa. Shangshu is a record of political affairs; The Book of Songs is a summary of one's heart. The Book of Rites is the premise of the legal system and the general program of various regulations, so you can't finish it until you learn the Book of Rites, which is the pinnacle of morality.
The Book of Rites respects the ceremony, the Book of Rites speaks in harmony, the Book of Songs and the Book of History are profound and profound, and the Spring and Autumn Annals is righteous and has covered all the university questions between heaven and earth. A gentleman's knowledge is obvious, which is manifested in his dignified behavior and his behavior in line with etiquette.
Every move, even the slightest words and deeds, can set an example for others. Little people learn.
3. Write an argumentative essay of more than 500 words with Xunzi's suggestion. The gentleman said, "learning is not enough."
Learning runs through monasticism. Without correct insight, you can only practice blindly.
However, learning must first have goals. We should "start as a scholar and end as a saint", which is also the fundamental direction of education.
The difference between this kind of saint education and utilitarian education lies in "for it, people also;" Give it up, the beast is also. " The most important thing in "encouraging learning" is to explain the mental method and see the sexual method.
This method is "accumulate goodness to become virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared." Only virtue, Ming Can Dow.
But virtue is owned by all sentient beings, which is called sexual virtue. However, sexual virtue alone is not enough.
Because the sexual virtue of all beings is blinded by ignorance, it can't show its magical function of light and purity, but it shows a dirty physical and mental world, which makes all beings suffer the pain of rotating the six paths in vain. Only by relying on Xiu De can the purity and brightness of sexual virtue be revealed.
Xiu De is the accumulation of goodness, and the accumulation of goodness is the food of Ming Dow. Good law is different from the world.
This difference is very important, but what is more important is the strength of the walker's own mind. Therefore, even the Confucian Tao is not limited to the world, and this understanding is very superficial.
The extremes of Confucianism can also be born. Of course, among all the birth methods, Buddhism is the most superb and complete.
"Accumulate goodness into virtue, and the immortal is complacent" is by no means the realm of ordinary people. The reason why all beings are ignorant is that sexual morality is hindered.
Because of Xiu De, he showed the virtue of sex, and the gods only used it. Xunzi knew that he was complacent, not out of the outside. "The sacred heart is prepared" and the sacred heart is sincere. Those who are prepared will recover and show the truth for nothing.
In Xunzi's time, Buddhism had not been introduced to China, but it must not be said that China was ignorant, and the Buddhist scriptures also said that "all sages do nothing differently". Xunzi can be described as a self-taught teacher since enlightenment, but he was able to realize Tao because his study coincides with Tao.
Master Xuanhua said that Laozi and Confucius were all bodhisattvas, so I dare not speculate on Xunzi's original works. From the article "Persuade to Learn", we can know that his learning thought coincides with Buddhism's three studies of abstinence from wisdom.
Xunzi attached great importance to the firmness of Tao's mind, saying that "life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue." Morality is the most important thing in monasticism, which is closely related to the accumulation of goodness and is a real commandment.
"Fuck and then decide, can decide and then should be. If you can respond, your husband is an adult. "
"Ying" means "wisdom", and it can also be said that "Ding" means "stop", "Ying" means "observation" and "ability to respond" means "stop observing and combining". This time can be described as an adult, that is, a person who has achieved something.
After his achievement, Xunzi talked about his realm: "Heaven sees its brightness and earth sees its light". There is pure light between heaven and earth, which shows Xunzi's evidence.
Finally, Xunzi concluded that "a gentleman is very important" and encouraged him not to study less, but to be diligent.
4. Xun Kuang, an outstanding thinker at the end of the Warring States Period, wrote 200 articles after studying "Persuasion". "Encouraging learning" means "encouraging and encouraging learning". This excellent work, written more than 2000 years ago, is still memorable and enlightening to read. The word "learning" can't help but remind people that "books have their own way." "Wan Li Road" is an inspiring famous sentence, and there are touching scenes such as "Zhao reading", "painting gray to practice calligraphy", "hanging a beam on his head" and "knocking on stocks". What's more, what about people now? Learning, the most important thing is to correct learning attitude and accumulate constantly, as Xunzi said: "Perseverance, perseverance;" "Perseverance, the stone can be carved." "There is no accumulation, no miles; If there is no small stream, there will be no rivers and seas. " "Accumulated soil makes mountains glorious. When water drops merge into the ocean, dragons will thrive. " Learning really needs this persistent spirit and accumulated methods. Some people have tasted the persistent spirit and give up halfway before they realize the true meaning. Is it unfair! Some people are anticlimactic, too obsessed with "a good beginning is half the battle" and ignore the unremitting efforts of the other half. Finally, they grow watermelons and get sesame seeds. Aren't you sad? "If you don't accumulate steps, you will get thousands of miles; Nothing can form rivers or oceans. " In other words, no matter what you do, you must be good at accumulation. No one can acquire rich knowledge without accumulation. Only through continuous accumulation can you increase the knowledge you have. We learn to know some knowledge from ignorance, and learn to know hundreds of Chinese characters from A, O and E, all of which are obtained through countless accumulations. Imagine what we have now. I think the answer is yes. If we hadn't accumulated constantly, we wouldn't have the present knowledge. Take writing an article as an example. Some students have a headache when writing articles, thinking that they have nothing to write and can't write them. The article they finally wrote was either plain, inconsistent with the theme or not novel. So what caused this phenomenon? I think the most fundamental reason is that they usually don't pay attention to accumulation. Assuming that these students pay more attention to the accumulation of good words and sentences in the usual learning process, how can they fail to write and write plain articles? The ancients said, "Reading is like writing." That's the truth. Only through continuous accumulation, the articles you write will be self-satisfied and you won't worry about writing well. As for "earthworms are not good, they strengthen their bones and muscles, eat sweet soil and yellow rice, and have worked hard." If you have such persistent perseverance and single-minded attitude, it will be even worse. It is commendable to practice the piano hard the day after tomorrow, but even if you try your best to persevere, I am afraid that your energy is limited and you will only feel that you are just browsing! In today's rapidly changing society, people are not only required to be proficient in mathematics and physics, but also to be familiar with astronomy and geography, current affairs and politics, and even piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and football computers can not be ignored. This requires us to learn in all directions on the basis of skills and gain energy in all directions. People's life is spent in constant learning and accumulation, and it is also busy. As a result, some people got nothing, while others won a total victory.
5. Imitating Xunzi to persuade students to study is a process of accumulation.
It can bring wisdom to people and make up for natural clumsiness. Cyclists are not good at walking, but they can reach thousands of miles away; Sailors are not good at swimming, but they can sail thousands of miles.
People who walk thousands of miles on land or at sea are not endowed by nature, but can travel long distances with the help of carriages and ships. Similarly, learning can make up for the dullness of human talent.
Learning can accumulate knowledge, and the more knowledge accumulated, the more wisdom people have. Therefore, learning can make up for people's natural clumsiness and guide people to live a better life.
Study, because you can make up for your own shortcomings. Just like a person's arm is not long, but if he climbs high and waves, people in the distance can see it; People's voices are not loud, but if you shout with the wind, people in the distance can hear you clearly.
People themselves have many shortcomings, but through learning, we can make up for our shortcomings with external things. Learning is like a horse, even if you can't walk fast, it can take you thousands of miles away; Learning is like a ship. Even if you can't swim, it can help you cross the river.
If you don't study, your own shortcomings can't be made up, which will eventually affect your life. Therefore, learning can make up for it, and only learning can make up for its own shortcomings.
6. The composition written according to a passage in Xunzi's "Persuasion" is "Don't climb the mountain, I don't know how high the sky is, and observe diligently." As the saying goes, "Pay attention everywhere and learn everywhere." Observation is the first step of primary school students' composition, and the cultivation of observation ability is an important content to improve the quality of primary school students. Generally speaking, the cultivation of primary school students' observation ability is regular. The observation of the scene should be placed in a specific background. Pay attention to the orderly observation of its whole and part, shape, size and difference, and find out its unique otherness: to observe the characters, we should pay attention to their appearance, movements and demeanor, and find out their distinctive and shining personality characteristics and behavior habits; To observe a still life, we should start with its structure, grasp its form and action, and reveal its function or use. Of course, the cultivation of observation ability is a step-by-step process, especially the teaching and guidance of teachers. Second, study hard and learn knowledge. "Just like bees picking honey, it takes a lot of flowers to make honey." Only those who are diligent and eager to learn can realize that "books have their roots". The book has its own Yan Ruyu's teasing. The accumulation of primary school students' writing materials also requires diligent reading. In fact, textbooks are our best teachers, and extracurricular books are our indispensable friends. We should enrich students' writing treasure house by understanding the layout, paragraph arrangement and detailed description of fragments in the book, and draw useful ingredients from it as raw materials for memory. Third, work hard. After observation, we will have knowledge and feelings, and we will read. These are the seeds of students' creative thinking and the basis of writing a good composition. As the saying goes, "three days without reading oral English, three days without practicing oral English." These inspirations will disappear immediately if they are not written down in time, so diligent writing is the key link for students to accumulate composition materials. Of course, this kind of writing not only includes that students can write independently, express their thoughts by taking notes and writing landscapes, but also includes that students can read more wonderful articles about what they have seen and heard. It also includes students writing diaries and observation notes. They are not afraid of writing badly. Fourth, they are diligent in sorting out. Xunzi said in "Persuasion" that "accumulation of soil makes mountains, and drops make oceans", which shows the importance of accumulation. Composition materials also need to be accumulated, but you can't catch your eyebrows and beard. Complex accumulation needs constant sorting, eliminating the rough and selecting the fine, and bringing forth the new. It is more realistic for students to classify the collected materials according to people, notes, scenes and objects, and number them well. When they encounter such compositions, they can take them at hand and transform them. 5. Use them often. Knowledge comes from reading and learning. You can't write a good composition if you study too much. Theory needs to be combined with practice, and the accumulated materials are used in writing practice. Teaching practice shows that. Students who can write a composition usually have the following performances: there are some wonderful articles "shadows", fragments "skeletons" and details "blood" in the composition, and they can really apply what they have learned. In fact, textbooks are the most commonly used by primary school students. As long as we make good use of this obscure and humble "teacher" and use it while learning, the quality of primary school students will gradually improve. In short, "Shushan" has no limit to learning the sea. "Learning must first be diligent, and accumulating composition materials must first be diligent. Only by working hard in life and being a conscientious person will there be inexhaustible materials and the writing will be brilliant. "
7. Xunzi's "Persuade to Learn (1)" comes straight to the point and points out the arguments. For example, in "Encouraging Learning", an argument was put forward at the beginning: "The gentleman said,' If you don't learn, you can't do it'." Six Kingdoms and Being Good at Building a New World are the same.
(2) Explain the meaning of the topic and introduce the topic. For example, "great ideal" begins with the universality of ideal, which shows that everyone has his own ideal, and it plays the role of explaining the meaning of the topic and introducing the topic. Yi Li, textual research experts and Zhang Ci also belong to this category.
(3) Discuss the matter on its own merits, leading to the argument. For example, "Everything Care" uses a couplet "Reading in the wind and rain is audible; Family affairs, state affairs, and things in the world are all concerned. " Then talk about the source of couplets, explain the upper and lower couplets, comment on the academic attitude of Lindong Party, and then lead to the argument.
(4) arguments first, summarize the arguments. For example, "Prose is very important" begins with common examples, indicating that prose is the most widely used written language in life, pointing out that writing letters, keeping diaries, notes, reports, comments, novels, plays, newspapers and periodicals are mostly prose, thus drawing the argument that "prose is very important".
(5) quoting poems and topics. Such as "speaking modestly". At the beginning, I quoted the motto "modest benefits are full of losses" as an argument. At the beginning of "On Storage Sparse", Guan Zhong's words "Knowing etiquette in case of hunger" were introduced to the topic, and then the importance of storage was discussed.
(6) Summarize the story and lead to the topic. For example, "Speech at Marx's Tomb" first outlines the time, place and illness of Marx's death, and then leads to the topic.
(7) Introduce people and introduce topics. For example, Commemorating Bethune begins with the "person" Bethune and the "thing" that he came to China to help fight against Japan, and then leads to the topic.
(8) Ask and answer questions and clarify arguments. For example, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. At the beginning, we used the method of asking questions: "What is the criterion for testing truth? This is a problem that proletarian revolutionary instructors have long solved. " Then explain why we are discussing this problem now. Then, the argument that "practice is the only criterion for testing truth" is gradually expounded.
(9) Metaphor and analogy lead to opinions. For example, "Trees, Forests, Climate-Talking about Reform is the Public's Cause" begins like this: Just as a tree can't adjust the climate, only dense forests can purify the air and adjust the climate, a reformer can't change the backward face of our current economic system reform in China. To revitalize China, we need thousands of reformers and the rise of one generation and two generations in Qian Qian.
(10) Establish the goal first, and then refute it. For example, at the beginning of Friends Surprise, write the reasons for students' petition and expose the Japanese aggression. After the Kuomintang reactionaries surrendered and betrayed the country, they quoted "electricity" and set a standard: "Friends are inexplicably surprised, and if this continues, the country will not become a country", and then refuted it layer by layer.
This is the way, I hope it will help you.
8. Xunzi's composition (1) urges students to come straight to the point and point out the arguments.
For example, in "Encouraging Learning", an argument was put forward at the beginning: "The gentleman said,' If you don't learn, you can't do it'." Six Kingdoms and Being Good at Building a New World are the same.
(2) Explain the meaning of the topic and introduce the topic. For example, "great ideal" begins with the universality of ideal, which shows that everyone has his own ideal, and it plays the role of explaining the meaning of the topic and introducing the topic.
Yi Li, textual research experts and Zhang Ci also belong to this category. (3) Discuss the matter on its own merits, leading to the argument.
For example, "Everything Care" uses a couplet "Reading in the wind and rain is audible; Family affairs, state affairs, and things in the world are all concerned. " Then talk about the source of couplets, explain the upper and lower couplets, comment on the academic attitude of Lindong Party, and then lead to the argument.
(4) arguments first, summarize the arguments. For example, "Prose is very important" begins with common examples, indicating that prose is the most widely used written language in life, pointing out that writing letters, keeping diaries, notes, reports, comments, novels, plays, newspapers and periodicals are mostly prose, thus drawing the argument that "prose is very important".
(5) quoting poems and topics. Such as "speaking modestly".
At the beginning, I quoted the motto "modest benefits are full of losses" as an argument. At the beginning of "On Storage Sparse", Guan Zhong's words "Knowing etiquette in case of hunger" were introduced to the topic, and then the importance of storage was discussed.
(6) Summarize the story and lead to the topic. For example, "Speech at Marx's Tomb" first outlines the time, place and illness of Marx's death, and then leads to the topic.
(7) Introduce people and introduce topics. For example, Commemorating Bethune begins with the "person" Bethune and the "thing" that he came to China to help fight against Japan, and then leads to the topic.
(8) Ask and answer questions and clarify arguments. For example, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. At the beginning, we used the method of asking questions: "What is the criterion for testing truth? This is a problem that proletarian revolutionary instructors have long solved. "
Then explain why we are discussing this problem now. Then, the argument that "practice is the only criterion for testing truth" is gradually expounded.
(9) Metaphor and analogy lead to opinions. For example, "Trees, Forests, Climate-Talking about Reform is the Public's Cause" begins like this: Just as a tree can't adjust the climate, only dense forests can purify the air and adjust the climate, a reformer can't change the backward face of our current economic system reform in China.
To revitalize China, we need thousands of reformers and the rise of one generation and two generations in Qian Qian. (10) Establish the goal first, and then refute it.
For example, at the beginning of Friends Surprise, write the reasons for students' petition and expose the Japanese aggression. After the Kuomintang reactionaries surrendered and betrayed the country, they quoted "electricity" and set a standard: "Friends are inexplicably surprised, and if this continues, the country will not become a country", and then refuted it layer by layer. This is the way, I hope it will help you.