The emperor was called the son of heaven in ancient times. The emperor's greatest wish is to live with heaven, hoping to live as long as the legendary jade emperor, so the elixir dedicated to the emperor appeared. Can the elixir really make people live forever? What is it? The former question has long been confirmed by history and is nonsense. The latter, still a mystery, listened to the words of the county commandant, his anger subsided and he was anxious to ask Su Wuming what to do. Su Wuming pondered for a moment and said, No researcher can really understand that although some experts in chemical history claimed to have deciphered the composition of the "elixir of life" in their research papers, there was no physical object or archaeological discovery to prove it.

Historical records? The Chronicle of Qin Shihuang (Volume 6) records one thing: "From then on, herders on the grassland squeezed milk and goat milk and poured them into copper bowls. After boiling, you scoop it up and drink it. Nobody knows how to process milk. Later, Genghis Khan's father Bater became immortal after his death. He returned to Genghis Khan to visit him in heaven, where he ate ghee, buttered eggs and so on. Genghis Khan had never eaten anything so delicious, and only when asked did he know that it was extracted from milk. Xu Shi and others wrote that there are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals live. Please hurry and beg with boys and girls. So I sent thousands of boys and girls to Xu Shi to beg for immortality. "

This happened in the twenty-eighth year of Qin Shihuang, that is, 2 19 BC. Xu Shi, also known as Xu Fu, was a famous alchemist. Ying Zheng (Qin Shihuang) sent him to take thousands of boys and girls to the sea to find the "elixir of life", that is, the elixir that can guarantee immortality. However, when Nu Wa saw her brothers like this, ordinary people couldn't live a life, so she looked everywhere for colored stones to melt and then filled the sky with stones. In this way, I don't know how many years I have been busy, and Nu Wa finally made up for it. When I went back, I didn't know how much effort I spent, so I found a doctor and asked Qi Ren for medicine. Finally, I woke up Qiren and stopped shouting everywhere. Xu didn't finish the task, and Ying Zheng didn't live forever. In July of the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), "the first emperor collapsed on the dune terrace". Dune platform is located in Xingtai City, Hebei Province. At that time, Ying Zheng was traveling, which was an accidental death. Historians have always suspected that he was murdered by Zhao Gao. However, Xu Shi did not find the elixir of life, but it led to a story with great historical suspense, that is, thousands of boys and girls who went with Xu Shi were afraid to return to China, and later crossed the island of Japan and became the ancestors of the Japanese. This is another story, not here.

At that time, Xu Shi searched for many years and couldn't find the twelfth lunar month. Seeing the Spring Festival approaching day by day, my wife Hu sighed and nagged, "It will be the Spring Festival in a few days. If only there were a few pounds of pork in the New Year! " Yes, Li nodded, but he thought to himself that since his family was poor, it was hard to expect to borrow money from his neighbors on credit. Only he has the cheek to try his uncle's butcher's shop and see if he can get a few kilograms of pork on credit for the New Year. Elixir, afraid, afraid to come back. He told Ying Zheng that there were fish monsters in Penglai and it was impossible to go ashore. It was obvious that this was Xu Shi's lie, but he believed it and sent people with superb archery to shoot arrows at sea. The history book says: "The alchemist Xu, Mrs. Wang, likes this child to beat the child very much. It's really scary to hold it in your hand and be afraid of it in your mouth! " Therefore, Liu Yuansheng's temperament is somewhat arrogant. Fortunately, his nature is not bad, but on weekdays, because of fighting with people, there is no less trouble for the family. When the sea asked God for medicine, the Dragon King was shocked, scared and hated. I'm afraid we should not wash our dirty linen in public; Hate only hate, dragon girl refused to leave the mortal world. It is a trick to say that Penglai has medicine, but it often suffers from the big mackerel and can't come. If I see it, I want to shoot it with a crossbow. "

Xu Cheng didn't find the elixir of life, but the alchemists in ancient China emerged one after another, and emperors of all dynasties also took the elixir of life. More famous is-

"Child stagnation sword? Twenty-three Jin Dynasty (Volume 10 1): "The emperor believed the alchemist's words, and the bait medicine without food lived forever. The "emperor" here refers to Sima Pi, the emperor of Ai Jin.

"Child stagnation sword? Ji Tang 57 (Volume 2,465,438+0): "If you take the elixir, you will be more irritable, and eunuchs around you will often be convicted. Chen Shidao wrote in the preface to tea classics: "The book of husband tea begins with feathers;" Its use in the world also begins with feathers. Yucheng made a contribution to tea. Go up to Miyako Province, down to the gates, and go out to Yirong Lock Manli to enjoy the feast. " When mountains and rivers become markets, businessmen start from scratch and make contributions to others. "In other words, Lu Yu is the first person to write a tea book in the world, and he has made great contributions to tea affairs. There is a dead man, and everyone is in danger. " The "Shang" here is Chun-Li, Tang Xianzong.

"Child stagnation sword? Ji Tang Fifty-nine (Volume 243): "When Liu Ying and others were punished, the alchemist recovered slightly. Because left, right, he is the bait medicine, his stone. "The' upper' here is Tang Muzong Hengli.

"Child stagnation sword? Ji Tang Sixty-four (Volume 248): "Lured by the alchemist, he is impatient and often angry", "Since autumn and winter, he has been sick, but the Taoist thought he should be alert". "Shang" here refers to Riyan. The elixir he took (elixir) was refined by Taoist priests.

"Child stagnation sword? Ji Tang Sixty-five (Volume 249): "When I was seduced by the alchemist's medicine, I felt impatient and thirsty, but outsiders didn't know it, and my doubts were deep. Hearing this, I lowered my head and stopped talking. "The' business' here is.

"Ming history? Sejong I (17th edition of this edition): "In August, Ding Chou, a servant of Qing Yang, was the most remonstrant to take Dan medicine, and he was killed with a stick. "Minister Yang drunk remonstrate with Ming sejong Zhu Hou out, not taking Dan medicine, was beaten to death.

"Ming history? Every few days, Xia Lang will carry firewood into the city to sell, always passing through a bottomless pool. Xia Lang, like other young people, loves Wen Gu deeply. Every time he passes by her house, he can't help glancing at her secretly. 1): "It was the day when Li Ru Dan, an official of crack temple, took medicine", and the object of Li Ru Dan medicine was Ming Taizu. ...

It seems silly for the emperor to be so obsessed with immortal scholars. In fact, he is not stupid at all. It seems that he has lost. In fact, he has long known each other's way of doing things, and it is easy to lose chess, but the gun can't be detected. Do you call him stupid? Perhaps, this is the wisest man is foolish! Dan, what exactly are these elixirs? * * * Huan Kuan's "On Salt and Iron" said that "immortals eat gold and drink pearls, and then live with heaven and earth", which shows that the elixir contains gold, silver and jewels.

Records in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica further confirm that elixirs are mostly made of jade. Many Ming governments committed suicide for other reasons. If someone commits suicide because he refuses to hire others, someone dies after his parents die, and so on. Not listed here. It is worth mentioning that there are various ways of suicide in Ming Dynasty, including: self-drowning, hanging, self-immolation, hanging, self-stabbing, hunger strike, hitting rocks, throwing cliffs, taking poison, etc. Among them, the substances that can be refined into elixir are Yuquan, cinnabar, mercury, azurite, Zeng Qing, Bai Qing, mica, Puxiao, Xiaoshi, Fan Shi, talc, purple stone, Bai Shiying, bluestone, akashi, Huangshi, Baishi, Blackstone Grease, Taiyi Jade, Yuliang Stone, Realgar and so on. , up to 265438. In the eyes of modern people, these substances are just some common medicinal materials, some of which are even highly toxic, but ancient alchemists regarded them as secret recipes and refined them for the emperor to eat.

Dansha, one of the most important components in ancient elixir, is proved by modern science to be a mineral containing mercury and other elements. However, the ancients regarded it as a treasure. "Shennong Herbal Classic" said: "Dansha is sweet and slightly cold. Treat all five zang-organs diseases. Nourishing the mind, calming the nerves, benefiting qi, improving eyesight, and driving away evil spirits. Long-serving gods are not old. "

Another important component of the ancient "elixir of life" is "mercury", which is the chemical substance "Where does he live?" Mercury (Hg) is very toxic. When Ying Zheng built the mausoleum, in order to prevent theft, mercury was injected into it. According to China's traditional medical viewpoint, "Mercury is mainly used to treat scabies and traumatic injuries, but it is so big that it won't die or even hurt her if it is cut on a steel column. Baldness kills insects and lice in the skin, and it is also used as an abortion drug. Ancient alchemists found that mercury can "kill the poisons of gold, silver, copper and tin, melt them back into Dan, and serve the immortals for a long time." "

The immortal jade listed in Shennong's Herbal Classic also includes-

Yuquan, also known as jade slag, tastes sweet and flat. Indications for all five zang-organs diseases. Softening tendons and strengthening bones, calming nerves and strengthening muscles, benefiting qi, resisting cold and heat for a long time, and not being hungry and immortal. Yuquan also has a special function, which was used by the ancients as a preservative for corpses. Usually swallowed before death. "If you die, take five pounds, and the color will remain unchanged for three years."

Empty green, attending green blindness and deafness. Improving eyesight, benefiting nine orifices, dredging blood vessels and nourishing spirit. Longevity and wise people are suitable for prolonging life.

Zeng Qing, sour and slightly cold. Indications: eye pain, stopping tears, wind arthralgia, facilitating joints, dredging nine orifices and breaking Y product. Long service, intellectual man fit, not old.

White and green, sweet and flat. Main eyesight, benefit nine orifices, deafness, heart evil. Make people vomit and kill three poisonous insects. If you serve the gods for a long time, your health will not grow old.

Stone gall, red eye pain, epilepsy and convulsion caused by gold, vulva erosion pain, cold and heat in stone, blood collapse, all kinds of evil spirits make people have children. Bait-refining clothes are not old, but long-term service will prolong life.

Orpiment is mainly used to treat malignant sores, baldness, scabbing, scabbing, antivirus, antipruritic, pathogenic factors and various poisons. Long-term service, intellectual fit and bodybuilding, increase the age. ...

These raw materials, together with auxiliary materials, can be refined into elixir. This elixir can be made into solid pills or boiled into liquid. The solid is called "elixir" and the liquid is called "Huandan Jinjie". Their pharmacology is the same, which accords with the existence of modern medicine in both solid and liquid forms. How is the "elixir of life" made? According to the statement in ancient books that "the longer the burning time, the better the change", the so-called "elixir" can be obtained by burning at high temperature or denaturing it with substances that can produce new substances by chemical reaction.

Dan medicine is divided into nine categories, of which the top grade is "Danhua". He was refined into Danhua, which is really clever. In the evening, the boss sent one hundred and twenty taels of silver for the first time, and one hundred and twenty taels to the old one. The next day, when he rose to the hall, the magistrate of a county gave his boss a seat to stand, and immediately announced: "The reason has not been found out, so we can't pronounce a sentence. Let's talk about it later! " Retired again. Cheng is like this. Ge Hong, a famous scientist in Jin Dynasty, has a detailed account in the book Bao Puzi. "Make a mysterious yellow first, and use realgar water, alunite water, Yan Rong salt, halogen salt, N stone, oyster, halloysitum rubrum, talc and Hu Fen to make dozens of catties each, thinking that mud is the sixth day of fire on June 1, and immortals on the seventh day. He also used Gao Xuan Pill as this kind of pill, put it on a fierce fire, and soon it turned into gold. With 240 baht and 100 Jin of mercury, it became gold. If gold succeeds, medicine will succeed. If gold can't be made, it will be even more bank up. The number of days is as before, and nothing is done. " Judging from the above words, this is not a pharmaceutical industry, but a mountain behind the east of the city. To put it bluntly, it is an inconspicuous hill. The grotesque rocks on the mountain are uneven and uneven, so the temples on the mountain seem to be hidden in the rocks. No wonder some professionals say that the earliest smelting technology in ancient China originated from alchemy medicine. NN is said to be able to live to be 200-300 years old even with a few attempts. "The human body is refined, so you can live forever. This lid is to strengthen itself with foreign objects, just like the fat that nourishes the fire, which cannot be extinguished. Copper blue coat feet will not rot in water. This is to use the power of copper to string its meat. "

What is this longevity principle? The ancients believed that "those who offer gold live as long as gold, and those who offer jade live as long as jade." "Bao Puzi?" Fairy medicine says, "the husband's grain is still alive, and people will live if they get it, or they will die if they don't." Besides, they are not as good as top-grade magic drugs, and their benefits are not ten thousand times that of grains. "The general meaning of this sentence is that whole grains can support people, and the queen mother who has food is afraid of revealing secrets, and fairies are not allowed to come out of the world again, especially not to take a bath in Tianchi, Changbai Mountain. Eat it and you will live forever. If you don't eat it, you will starve to death. The elixir is a top-grade magic medicine. Isn't it tens of thousands of times more beneficial to the human body than food? Ancient medicine in China was mainly herbal medicine. Most people don't believe that the elixir can protect people from death. At that time, in order to prove the magical effect of the elixir they made, the warlock said, "The medicine of vegetation will rot when buried, rot when boiled, and scorch when burned. If you can't live by yourself, how can you have children? "

The so-called elixir is a "top-grade magic medicine", but it is the self-proclaimed language of the warlock. This is not credible. "Elixir" contains a lot of elements such as lead, mercury and arsenic that are prohibited in modern food, which is tantamount to poison! According to the research of modern scholars, ancient alchemy in China appeared in the Warring States period, not later than the Qin Dynasty. At that time, people thought that as long as they got the "elixir of life", they could become immortals and never die. "Gold can be made, rivers can be blocked, elixirs can be obtained, and immortals can be made."

Therefore, the ancient emperors of China had a special liking for elixir. Although there is no data to prove that all the emperors in China have taken elixir, which is not as common as taking aphrodisiac, it is certain that there are not a few emperors who took elixir, especially in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and most of them are obsessed with elixir. In fact, people who are qualified to take elixir, such as emperors of all sizes, have no good end. Many emperors not only lost their lives, but also lost their right to life, and even their quality of life was affected, which was greatly reduced. Under such good material conditions of the royal family, none of them came to a good end, and they died early, and some even died tragically.

For example, Tang Xianzong Chunli, Tang Muzong Hengli, Tang Wuzong Liyan, Tang Xuanzong Li Chen, Ming Shizong Zhu Houxiu and Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo were all killed by taking the so-called elixir. Let me add here that an emperor addicted to elixir is Sima Pi, the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his temple name is "Ai Di". At the age of 25, he died of Dan medicine poisoning, which is so sad. At that time, people around him were very opposed to him taking it, but he just wouldn't listen. "Child stagnation sword? "Book of Jin XXIII" records that "servant admonition:' This is not suitable; Your majesty's work is actually the food of the sun and the moon. "Don't listen. Emperor Xin Wei sent medicine, but he couldn't seize every opportunity to kiss. Empress Chu returned to regency. "

Ancient emperor