No matter in school or in society, everyone will inevitably come into contact with papers. The process of writing a thesis is the process that people gain direct experience. What kind of paper can be called an excellent paper? The following is how to ask questions in my carefully organized thesis defense. Welcome to read the collection.

Common problems in thesis defense

(1) Identify the authenticity of the paper and check whether it was written independently by the respondent;

(2) Test the depth and breadth of respondents' knowledge;

(3) Issues that are not clearly stated in the paper, but are particularly important to this topic;

(4) About the wrong views in the paper;

(5) Issues related to the background and development of the project;

(6) the prospect and development of the project;

(7) About the unique creativity in the paper;

(8) Basic theories and knowledge related to this discipline;

(9) Extensibility related to the project.

1. Why did you choose this topic?

2. What is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

3. How is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

4. What is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different views have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. Although it is not mentioned in the paper, what other issues are closely related to it?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Some teachers will ask some technical terms in their papers, and they must understand some technical terms in the papers.

The basic process of defense:

First, introduce yourself.

Introduce yourself as the opening remarks of the defense, including name, student number and major. When introducing yourself, be generous, calm, smile and polite to leave a good impression on the defense team members. A good beginning means half the battle.

Second, questions and answers

The teacher's questions are arranged after the respondent's self-report, which is a more flexible link in the defense. Question and answer is a process of mutual communication. Generally speaking, there are three questions, which are asked in the order from shallow to deep, and the respondents answer them on the spot.

The defense teacher's questions are within the scope of the paper, and there are generally no digressions. Asking questions focuses on the core part of the paper, which usually allows respondents to discuss the key issues in detail and clarify them in depth. The defense teacher will also ask the respondent to explain the unclear places in the self-report. The loopholes not mentioned in the paper are also frequently asked by the defense team. Then there are obvious mistakes in the paper, which may be due to the respondent's nervousness, leading to a slip of the tongue, or the respondent never realized that if this happens, don't be nervous, stay calm and think carefully before answering. There is also a judgment topic, that is, the defense teacher deliberately asks questions from the wrong angle, requiring the respondent to always keep a clear head, be highly concentrated and answer correctly.

Listen carefully to the teacher's questions and think carefully before organizing the language. Answering questions requires clear thinking, strict logic, completeness and comprehensiveness, and prominent focus. If you didn't hear the question clearly, please reply to the teacher again with sincerity and courtesy.

When you really can't answer a question, don't worry, you can ask the defense teacher to give you a hint. The defense teacher will change the questioning strategy for the respondents and adopt heuristic and guided questions to reduce the difficulty of the questions.

If there is a controversial point of view, the respondent can discuss it with the respondent's teacher, but pay special attention to manners. Defense itself is a very serious matter. You must not quarrel with the defense teacher. Debate should be conducted in a civilized way.

Third, thank you.

Thank the people who helped in the graduation design thesis and thank the defense teacher politely.

Preventive measures for defense

(1) Overcome nervousness, anxiety and uneasiness, and be confident that you can successfully pass the defense.

(2) Pay attention to self-cultivation and be polite to guests. Whether listening to the teacher's questions or answering them, you should be polite.

(3) Understand the meaning of the question, grasp the main idea of the question, understand the purpose and intention of the defense teacher, fully understand the root of the question, and then answer to avoid irrelevant answers.

(4) If you really don't understand a problem, ask the teacher humbly. Try to get the teacher's prompt and handle it skillfully. Face difficulties with a positive attitude, think and answer seriously, and don't give up on yourself.

(5) Speak at a moderate speed, neither too fast nor too slow. Too fast will make the members of the defense team unable to hear clearly, and too slow will make the defense teacher feel that the respondent is unfamiliar with this issue.

(6) Don't mention uncertain views and opinions in your defense.

(7) Whether talking about yourself or answering questions, we should pay attention to proper limit. Emphasize key points and outline details; Talk more about the in-depth research, and it is best to avoid not talking or talking less about the in-depth research.

(8) Under normal circumstances, questions will be asked in the order from easy to deep and from easy to difficult.

(9) Respondents' answer time is generally limited to a certain period of time, and it is not necessary to expand in detail unless the respondent's teacher particularly emphasizes the requirement for expansion. Answer the main content and central idea directly, remove the details, be concise and lively, and go straight to the point.

Four. Common problems in defense

In the defense, teachers of several related majors usually ask some questions according to students' design entities and papers, listen to students' personal explanations, and understand the authenticity and familiarity of students' graduation design; Examine students' adaptability and knowledge; Listen to students' understanding of the development prospect of the project.

Thesis defense skills

Our overall impression of the graduates who participated in the graduation thesis defense is:

(1) Positive and serious attitude. Most people take part in thesis defense for the first time, which is novel, nervous and even a little overwhelmed.

(2) Most graduates have weak professional basic theories.

(3) Most students can't connect their theoretical knowledge with their practical work experience.

In view of the above situation of graduates, here are the following aspects to talk about graduation thesis defense.

I. Procedure and purpose of graduation thesis defense

1. When defending your graduation thesis, the defense teacher first asks you to briefly describe the content of your graduation thesis. In the narrative, you should clearly state the idea (outline), arguments, arguments and discussion methods (methods) of writing this paper. It usually takes about 5 minutes. Through your narration, the defense teacher can understand the thinking process of your paper and examine your analytical and comprehensive induction ability.

2. Step 2: Respond on the spot. After the defense teacher asks you 2-3 questions, make an impromptu defense. One of the questions generally asks questions about the basic concepts and principles involved in your paper, and examines whether the students' understanding of the cited basic concepts and principles is accurate. The second question, generally speaking, is aimed at a certain aspect of the argument involved in your paper, which requires to be discussed (discussed) in combination with actual work or professional practice. Investigate the connection and help of the basic professional knowledge you have learned to your practical work, that is, the ability to integrate theory with practice. The third question, according to the students' work experience, puts forward the problems in professional theory or practice, and guides students to explore the theoretical basis or many problems and hot issues in the current professional development in combination with cases and practices encountered in work practice. Examine students' potential professional ability.

The purpose of graduation thesis defense is to check whether graduates have completed their graduation thesis seriously and independently, and to examine their comprehensive analysis ability, ability to integrate theory with practice and potential professional ability. The defense teacher evaluates the defense results in combination with the graduates' on-site defense.

Second, how do graduates prepare and participate in graduation thesis defense

1, very familiar with the papers I have written. Of course, you must be familiar with your own papers through independent thinking and repeated deliberation. However, some of the papers we contacted in the past "pasted" the collected information into papers. I didn't read the papers carefully when I handed them in, and the papers I handed in were full of loopholes. In this way, because you are not familiar with the paper, it is difficult to answer the questions raised; There is also the feeling that the graduation thesis is well written, but it is ignorant when defending. Obviously, you are not familiar with this graduation thesis. Therefore, to participate in the graduation thesis defense, we must first be familiar with the papers we have written.

2, according to the direction of the defense topic, make some preparations before the defense.

(1), it is best to sort out the basic professional concepts and principles involved in your paper before replying. For example, my second argument in my thesis involves a basic concept. For the content of this basic concept, I refer to the page of "Professional Books". What is the content? I'll arrange it for later use.

(2), combined with the thesis, before the defense, collect some information. For example, a good case that illustrates the problem; For example, examples you encounter in your actual work and so on.

(3) There are many problems and hot issues in the current professional development. Usually pay more attention to your own professional current affairs policy research and hot issues discussion. In order to successfully pass the defense and truly show their level in the defense, students should not only make full preparations before the defense, but also understand and master the essentials and art of the defense.

(a) Bring necessary information and supplies.

First of all, students should bring their own graduation thesis defense draft and main reference materials when attending the defense meeting. If you don't know how to write a graduation thesis, you can refer to other people's graduation thesis samples. As mentioned above, some colleges and universities stipulate that students can prepare for a certain period of time after the main defense teacher asks questions at the defense meeting, and then answer them face to face. In this case, the necessity of carrying papers and main reference materials is self-evident. Even like the Correspondence College of the Central Party School, after teachers ask questions, they don't give students time to prepare and ask for answers on the spot. But in the process of answering, you are also allowed to look through your own papers and related reference materials. Although you can't rely on these materials when defending, you can take them with you. When you can't remember for a moment, you can avoid the embarrassment and confusion of not answering. Secondly, you should also bring a pen and notebook to record the questions and valuable opinions and opinions raised by the main defense teacher. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key and essence of the teacher's question. At the same time, you can think while recording and make the thinking process natural.

(2) Be confident and don't be nervous.

On the basis of full preparation, there is no need to be nervous and have confidence. It is very important to build confidence and eliminate tension and panic, because excessive tension will make the questions that can be answered impossible. Only if you are confident and calm, your defense will have a good performance. Self-confidence mainly comes from making full preparations in advance.

(3) After listening to the question clearly, think about it before you answer.

When the main defense teacher asks questions, the students should listen attentively and write down the answers to the questions in the notebook, and carefully examine what is the key and essence of the questions raised by the main defense teacher. Don't answer the question if you don't know its meaning. If you are not clear about the question, you can ask the teacher to say it again. If you don't understand some concepts in the question, you can ask the teacher to explain it, or you can express your understanding of the question, and ask if it means this, and then answer it after you get a positive answer. It is possible to avoid answering irrelevant questions. The answer is to the point.

Extended content: thesis defense preparation

Preparation before defense is the most important thing for the respondent. To ensure the quality and effect of thesis defense, the key lies in the respondent. The author of the thesis should successfully pass the defense. After submitting the paper, he should not feel relieved, but should take the time to actively prepare his defense. Preparation before defense is very important for the following points:

First of all, write a brief introduction to the graduation thesis, the main contents should include the title of the thesis, the name of the instructor, the motivation of choosing the topic, the main arguments, arguments and writing experience of the thesis, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of this topic.

Secondly, we should be familiar with the full text of our paper, especially the main part and conclusion part, and make clear the basic viewpoints and basis of the paper; Understand the exact meaning of the main concepts used in this paper and the main contents of the basic principles used; At the same time, we should carefully check and scrutinize whether there are contradictions, fallacies, one-sided or ambiguous places in the article, and whether there are any places that contradict the party's principles and policies. If you find the above problems, you should make full preparations-supplement, amendment, explanation, etc. As long as we carefully fortify and plug all loopholes, we can assess the situation, get cold feet and accept challenges calmly in the process of defense.

Third, we should know and master the knowledge and materials related to our thesis. To what extent has the academic community studied this topic? What are the controversies? How many representative views are there? What are the representative works and articles? What kind of views and reasons do you prefer? Sources and versions of important citations; The sources and channels of demonstration materials and so on. These knowledge and materials should be well understood and mastered before the defense.

Fourthly, what other problems should be involved or solved in the paper, but they can't be touched because they are unable to do so, and what other problems are not involved or rarely involved in the paper, but they have been contacted in the research process and have some opinions, but they are not written because they feel irrelevant to the center of the paper.

Fifth, for the authors of excellent papers, it is necessary to find out which viewpoints are inherited or borrowed from other people's research results, which are their own innovative viewpoints, and how these new viewpoints and new opinions are formed.

For the above contents, the author should make full preparations before replying, write an outline after thinking and sorting out, and keep it in his mind so that he can have a clear idea and answer calmly when replying.

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