First, the basic knowledge of Chinese
1. Three elements of a novel: characters, plot and environment.
2. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
3. Three elements of metaphor: ontology, vehicle and metaphor.
4. Six narrative elements (five W+H): when, where, who, why, what happened and what happened.
5. The four conditions of metrical poetry: quadruple of eight sentences, homonym of even ending, duality of couplets, and harmony of flat tone.
6. Five ways of expression: narration, discussion, lyricism, explanation and description.
7. Six interpretation methods: example, number, analogy, comparison, classification and definition.
8. Three interpretation structures: total score summary structure, total score structure and total score structure.
9. The order of three explanatory texts: chronological order, spatial order, and logical order.
10. Two basic argumentative structures: asking questions-analyzing questions-solving problems &; Put forward opinions-demonstrate opinions-summarize opinions.
1 1. Six demonstration methods: example, comparison, analogy and reduction to absurdity.
12. Eight main rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, rhetorical question, repetition and duality.
13. Four methods of character description: appearance description, language description, action description and psychological description.
14. Seven kinds of phrases: coordinate phrases, radical phrases, subject-predicate phrases, verb-object phrases, verb-complement phrases, prepositional phrases and word-deleted phrases.
15. Six sentence components: subject, predicate, object, complement, attribute and adverbial.
16. Twelve parts of speech: noun-verb-form, numeral-generation, auxiliary connection and metaphor.
17. Three narrative methods: direct narrative, flashback and insertion.
18. Three ellipsis functions: omitting table reference content, omitting table list items, and prolonging table talk interruption.
19. The functions of four kinds of inflections are: explanation before and after the table, jumping, interruption and extension of the table sound, and the beginning and end of the table time and the number of places.
20. Quotations have four functions: quoting the actual content, expressing irony and irony, and expressing specific predicates.
Second, the classification of philology
1, the six-step method of text preview: look up new words and clear three words; Read the text aloud and perceive the content; Understand the author and grasp the background; Mark the order of paragraphs and distinguish the structure; Draw key sentences and experience functions; Briefly describe the main ideas and summarize the characteristics.
2. Three steps to appreciate poetry: knowing people and discussing the world, translating words and analyzing sentences, and clarifying the main idea.
3. There are four ways to divide the structure of the article: according to the expression, looking for light and dark clues, according to the temporal and spatial order, according to the logical order.
4. Analyze the function of eight key sentences: point out the topic and cause the following; Point out the center and show the main idea; Set suspense and stimulate interest; Connecting the preceding with the following, naturally connected; Care before and after, harmonious and unified; Side contrast, indirect contrast; The following article paves the way, paving the way; Enhance the language and highlight the characteristics.
5. Distinguish seven kinds of writing methods: comparative writing, symbolic writing, comparative writing, seeing the big from the small, first promoting and then restraining, combining reality with reality, and mutual discussion.
Third, 50 examples of error-prone idioms.
1, walk slowly: in ancient times, it was said that people could be poor and humble. Now it is often used to mean to take a leisurely walk without taking a bus.
2. Resettlement: I am content with my hometown and don't want to move easily.
3, the blue road: driving a firewood cart, wearing shabby clothes to open the mountain and open the forest. Describe the hardships of creation.
4, a drop in the bucket: save a car burning firewood with a glass of water. Metaphor does not help.
5. Not long: There is nothing to describe poverty or simplicity.
6. Disappointing: unable to convince the masses.
7. Not too much: it means that blaming or punishing others is enough.
8. Don't stick to the pattern: the metaphor has an original style and doesn't stick to the pattern.
9. Undoubtedly: No one is allowed to interrupt.
10, no congestion, no mobility, no more: metaphor: without destroying the old ideology and culture, it is impossible to establish a new ideology and culture.
1 1, disagree: don't think it's right, indicating contempt.
12, it doesn't matter: never mind, never mind.
13, non-publication theory: describe unchangeable or indelible remarks.
14, eating and swallowing whales: various ways of eating and swallowing.
15, opponent: now used to describe equality and opposition.
16, the dog's tail continues to mink: it seems that bad things and good things are linked together, which is not quite commensurate (mostly literary works)
17. speculation: refers to the observation and understanding of things is very narrow and one-sided.
18, colluding with each other: a metaphor for people with the same bad smell.
19, hopeless: persist in doing evil and refuse to repent.
20. Keep a secret: There is nothing deeper to hide.
2 1, get together: describes that many talented people get together.
22. Every little makes a mickle: Every little makes a muckle.
23, no hair: the distance is very close, you can't put a hair in the middle, indicating that the situation is critical to the extreme.
24, see the micro-knowledge: see the micro-knowledge, you can observe the development trend.
25, the river is getting worse and worse: metaphor is getting worse every day.
26, rubber column drum: metaphor is stubborn and inflexible.
27, open the door to steal: metaphor introduces the bad guys and invites disasters.
28. Liang Shangjun: Call a thief.
29, tried and tested: repeated experiments do not make mistakes.
30. Describe houses or boats arranged in a dense and orderly manner.
3 1. Order to ban: if there is an order, it must be done, and if there is a ban, it must be stopped. It describes the strict enforcement of laws and regulations.
32, release the liver and drain the gallbladder: metaphor really meet, pour out the truth.
33. Yiai: Describe stuttering.
34, like a few treasures: metaphor is very familiar with what is said.
35. Keep your mouth shut: describe being too cautious, afraid or unwilling to talk.
36. Three people make a tiger: It is a metaphor that rumors or rumors appear repeatedly, which may make people believe it.
37. Bullies are always cowards: tough on the outside and empty on the inside.
38. Body vegetarian meal: stand in an empty position and eat for free.
39, pick up people's teeth: take people's words as your own words.
40. Rock breaking: it is often used to describe the novelty and surprise of the article.
4 1. Celebrate each other by playing the crown: It means that when a person is an official or promoted, his associates also celebrate each other's having an official position.
42, peaches and plums don't say anything, enjoy themselves: metaphor As long as they are sincere, loyal and noble, they are naturally respected and admired by people.
43. Drive fish for nests and birds for irrigation: Metaphorically, you are not good at uniting or netting people, and you can drive the enemy by strength.
44, the text does not add points: describe the writing of the article quickly, without alteration.
45, five winds and ten rains: describe the weather is good.
46. Stay up late: Get dressed before dawn and eat after dark. Describe diligence.
47. For a time: for a time, it was very famous.
48. Pretend to be fake and show it to others, perfunctory entertainment.
49. Many people are shocked by one person: one person teaches and many people disturb.