Reagents: HC-9885 standard solution A and standard solution B.
Instrument: electrolyte analyzer 13. Preparation of serum sample: take blood from vein, stand at 37℃ for two hours, take out clear liquid, then centrifuge at 2000 rpm 15 ~ 20 minutes, and keep supernatant for later use.
13. In the experiment, four different animal sera were tested by electrolyte analyzer, and the average value of each serum was taken after five tests.
Table 1: (in mmol/L) 1. To sum up, table 1 shows that the concentration of electrolyte K\Na\Cl in serum of cattle, pigs, chickens and horses is different. For example, the concentration of serum sodium ion in cattle is more than twice that in pigs, and the concentration of potassium and sodium ion in chickens is much higher than that in pigs.
In practical application, the electrolytes such as potassium and sodium in animals such as livestock and poultry are lower than the physiological normal level.
It may be malnutrition and potassium and sodium deficiency, manifested as vomiting and diarrhea. If potassium is higher than the physiological normal level, it may cause pneumonia, asthma and metabolic acidosis. Low concentration of ionized calcium acts on the neuromuscular contact process, resulting in limb paralysis. Also seen in chronic diarrhea. Therefore, in livestock and poultry breeding and early disease prevention, daily electrolyte monitoring provides a scientific basis for strengthening feeding management, rationally allocating feed and supplementing trace elements.
Cattle are important domestic animals. No fewer than 5 million cows die of BVDV infection every year in the world, accounting for 0.5% ~ 1% of the total number of cows. BVDV can be transmitted through oral and nasal contact, blood and other ways, but cattle infected with BVDV have high morbidity and low mortality, so a considerable number of cattle are BVDV carriers. The calves of pregnant cows infected with BVDV have immune tolerance to BVDV, and can continue to be infected with BVDV, which may eventually develop into fatal mucosal diseases and die. Therefore, the economic losses caused by BVDV to animal husbandry are enormous. The concentration of electrolyte K\Na\Cl in bovine serum containing BVDV will be abnormal in physiological state. At this time, if electrolytes are detected, BVDV infection will be found early, which is of great significance.
3. Daily electrolyte monitoring also provides good help for the protection and research of rare animals. Antelope and golden silk
And the giant panda are the three most precious animals in China.
There are 1 cases reported by Yu et al.: From 1990 to 1997, nine giant pandas in Chengdu Giant Panda Research Base and Chengdu Zoo suffered from chronic gastroenteritis successively, with the oldest 14 years old and the youngest being half a year old. Clinical symptoms Except for a few pathogenic bacteria, chronic gastroenteritis in giant pandas is mostly caused by improper feeding management, uncoordinated food properties, uncoordinated quantity and proportion of nutrients, improper use of antibiotics or long-term use, resulting in intestinal flora imbalance. It also happens when the body is under stress, the ability to defend against diseases is reduced, and the gastrointestinal barrier function is weakened. Its clinical symptoms are depression, unwillingness to move, frequent squatting or sitting in the corner of the animal house, and dull expression. If it lasts for a long time, the body will gradually lose weight, and the coat will be dry and easy to break off, showing symptoms of severe malnutrition.
The researchers conducted a hematological examination of the sick giant panda, and the results showed that the electrolyte level of the sick giant panda was generally low. Then the researchers used the method of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine to treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and achieved good results. Among them, 5 cases recovered completely and 3 cases had only obvious curative effect.
Chronic gastroenteritis is one of the common and difficult diseases of giant pandas under artificial feeding conditions. Among them, chronic gastroenteritis has become the main disease of larvae and sub-adults, seriously affecting the digestion and absorption of food by giant pandas, affecting normal metabolism, causing growth retardation, reducing the body's disease resistance, increasing complications, and seriously threatening the survival of giant pandas, especially larvae and sub-adults. Once this disease occurs, it is difficult to treat. Therefore, if the electrolyte is monitored every day, early detection and treatment can be realized, and precious time can be won for saving the life of giant pandas. 1 Research and application of electrolyte balance in poultry diets of Tang Xiangfang and Xia Zhongsheng, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University
2 Journal of Gansu Agricultural University Wang Huie Liu Mengzhou Dynamic changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine and potassium in Wang Yutao cooperative pigs.
No.3 Yin Zhen, Liu Jinghua. Animal virology. Beijing science press 1997 ... second edition 645~65l.
4 Yu, etc. Study on chronic gastroenteritis of giant panda. Editor-in-chief of Northwest Agricultural College. Internal Medicine of Livestock [M] Agricultural Press, 1983.
5 General situation of prevention and treatment of common diseases of giant pandas in Zhang Jinguo: A: 93 Proceedings of Chengdu International Symposium on Giant Panda Protection [C], Chengdu Science and Technology Press,1994,359-366.
6 welland e, AhlR, stark r, etc. The second envelope glycoprotein mediates the neutralization of porcine cholera virus. Journal of Virology, l 992, 66:3677~3682.