Direct quotation means word for word, word for word. Direct quotation can prove the authority of a point of view or text, preserve the original text of the quoted content and emphasize the accuracy of the quoted content. When making a direct quotation, the quotation should be as short as possible. If the quotation is too long, that is, more than half a page, it should be placed in the appendix and explained in the text.

Direct quotation refers to the original words, which must be quoted in quotation marks, and besides indicating the author and publication year, the specific page number should also be indicated, and there is a space between p and the number, as shown in the following figure:

Darwin used the metaphor of trees to "express another form of interconnection-pedigree rather than ecology" (Gould, 1989, p. 14). ?

If you mention the author you want to quote in the article, and it is a direct quote, then you need to indicate the publication year in brackets immediately after his surname, and then indicate the specific page number in brackets after quotation marks, as shown below:

Gould (1989) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life "to explain another form of interconnection-genealogy rather than ecology-and to explain the success and failure in the history of life" (page 14).

Direct reference annotation

1, double quotation marks indicate direct reference, and single quotation marks are only used to mark references in references, as shown in the following figure.

Correct: The researcher claims that "there will be no problem in defining non-referential noun phrases" (Thompson, 198 1, P. 129).

Error: The researcher claims that "there will be no problem in defining non-referential noun phrases" (Thompson, 198 1, P. 129).

2. References shall not be expressed in italics or bold.

3. Citation sources are enclosed in brackets (generally no footnotes or endnotes).

4. Sentences shorter than three lines or quotations shorter than one sentence should be written in the text and marked with double quotation marks. In the text, brackets are placed in punctuation marks at the end of the sentence, but not in quotation marks.

Specifications:

Her idea was further confirmed. "People think she is eccentric, and no one loves her or admires her" (Fountain, 1988, p. 33). ?

Non-standard:

Her idea was further confirmed. "People think she is weird, no one loves her, and no one worships her." (Fountain, 1988, page 33)

Her idea was further confirmed. "People think she is eccentric, and no one loves or admires her (Fountain, 1988, p. 33)."

Extended data:

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on a new page in accordance with GB77 14-87.

English: Author-Title-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date)

English: Author-Title-Publication Information

The requirements of the listed reference documents are:

The listed references should be official publications for readers' textual research. The cited references should indicate the serial number, title of the work or article, author and publication information.

The functions of references are:

1. Recording references can reflect the author's scientific attitude and the true and extensive scientific basis of the paper, as well as the starting point and depth of the paper.

2. Recording references can easily distinguish the author's achievements from those of predecessors.

3. Recording references can serve as an index.

4. Recording references helps to save the length of the paper.

5. Recording references is helpful for scientific and technological information personnel to carry out information research and abstract quantitative research.

ask

1. In the list of references at the end of the text, all references should be sorted by Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text. Be sure to number them in the order in which they appear in the text.

2. Please change the Chinese references in the reference list into Chinese and English.

Please write the full names of English periodicals and conference papers in the bibliography of periodicals and conference papers.

Please write all kinds of references in strict accordance with the punctuation marks in "II". Writing of various references ".

References:

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