What is the historical overview of the pre-Qin period?
Su Qin was born in Nathan Scott Lee, Luoyang, Eastern Zhou Dynasty during the Warring States Period. Su Qin is from Luoyang. Although he was born in a poor family, he has great ambitions. Su Qin traveled around the world for several years, but achieved nothing, so he had to go home in a mess. When his family laughed at him, Su Qin was so ashamed that he asked his mother to sell her property and then travel around the world. From then on, Su Qin stayed at home, took out the gift that Master gave him when he went down the mountain-Jiang Ziya's "Yin Fu", and studied at his desk day and night. In order to seize the time to study, Su Qin also came up with a good idea. When he was studying, he tied his hair with a rope and hung it on the beam. If he dozes off, his hair will wake him up. Late at night, if you feel sleepy, stab yourself in the thigh with an awl, so that you can stay awake. This is the origin of the idiom "the head hangs on the beam, and the awl pricks the stock". The stories of a hundred schools of thought contending, three religions and nine streams, five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and seven chivalrous men in the Warring States Period all happened in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. There are countless stories and idioms in this period. Thinkers include Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Mozi and Han Feizi. Political and military figures include Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Sun Zi, Sun Bin, Wuqi, Shang Yang, Qin Qichu, Zhao Yan and Wei Han. There are also Qu Yuan, Li Si, Tian Ji Horse Racing, Ximen Bao Ruling Ye, Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin and so on, just like the brilliant outstanding figures of Xinghan. The historical stories of this period are specially summarized as idioms, such as: cheating to attack the country, leaving home, assembly number, returning to Zhao intact, Shang Yang's political reform, uniting with Lian Heng, barking dogs and stealing chickens, encircling Wei to save Zhao ... Running away from home: during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was civil strife in the State of Jin, and his son Zhong Er fled to Chu. King Chu Cheng took him in and entertained him. He promised that if there was a war in Chu Jin, the Jin army would retreat from three houses (one in Sanli). Later, Zhong Er returned to the State of Jin with the help of Qin Mugong. The state of Jin supported the struggle between Song and Chu, and the two armies met in Chengpu. Zhong Er avoided, lured the enemy in and won. It's a blockbuster: According to legend, Chu Zhuangwang (another name is Qi Weiwang) spent three years in politics, playing all day, and turned a blind eye to national affairs. A courtier said to Zhuang Wang, "I heard that there is a big bird in the countryside that doesn't fly for three years and doesn't sing for three years. What's wrong? " Zhuang Wang said: "This bird can fly without flying, and it will soar in the sky;" It will be a blockbuster if you don't sing. " Then, we will rectify state affairs, enrich Qiang Bing, and form a situation of great governance in just a few years. Learn from one's mistakes: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, defeated and captured Gou Jian, the king of Yue. Gou Jian fed the horse for three years and was tortured. After returning home, he decided to take revenge and rejuvenate the country. He asked Fan Li to help train the army, hire talents, take part in labor by himself, and insist on sleeping on firewood. He tasted courage before every meal, and finally destroyed Wu. Old horses know the way: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong led troops to repel the invasion of Shanrong State at the request of Yan State; The Milu, the king of Shanrong, fled to the lonely bamboo country to ask for reinforcements, and Guan Zhong followed Qi Huangong to defeat the reinforcements of the lonely bamboo country. On the way back to China, Qi Jun was trapped by a fake guide's agency. Guan Zhong suggested using an old horse to lead the way to save the day. Offer a humble apology: During the Warring States Period, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, two important ministers of Zhao State, were made prime ministers by Zhao Wang because of Lin Xiangru's repeated meritorious deeds. Lian Po was unconvinced, thinking that his martial arts had overshadowed his mouth. Lin Xiangru avoided Lian Po many times for the sake of the country. Lian Po was ashamed when he learned of his good intentions, so he went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess secretly. From then on, the two made up and became friends with each other. On paper: During the Warring States Period, Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous Warring States soldier, was proficient in the art of war and could talk about the way of using troops. Even his father can't beat him, and he thinks he is invincible. Zhao She thinks that he is an armchair strategist and doesn't understand traffic. Later, when Zhao She died, Zhao Kuo took Lian Po's place. Lin Xiangru and others strongly opposed it. Zhao Wang insisted that Zhao Kuo lost 400,000 troops in the battle of Changping. Three orders and five applications: Sun Wuliu lived in the State of Wu, and the King of Wu wanted to test Sun Wu's military talents, so he gave Sun Wu 180 young maids to practice. Sun Wu divided the ladies-in-waiting into two teams and made the prince's favorite concubine the captain. After Sun Wu confessed the password to the ladies-in-waiting, he drummed and commanded. The ladies-in-waiting burst into laughter and the team was in chaos. Sun Wu gave another order, but the ladies-in-waiting just thought it was fun and didn't listen at all. Sun Wu said that since he had understood the order and didn't listen, it was the crime of the leader and ordered the two captains to be put to death. The prince of Wu hurriedly ordered that the princess should not be killed, but Sun Wu killed two princesses. Then, Sun Wu rehearsed the ladies-in-waiting, and this time no one dared not listen to orders. Khufu Riding and Shooting: During the Warring States Period, King Wu Ling, the monarch of Zhao, was determined to change and strive for the upper reaches. King Wuling saw that the Hu people (ethnic minorities) were dressed in short-sleeved plain clothes, riding horses, shooting arrows while running, and their actions were agile and flexible, so he decided to learn from the Hu people, reform soldiers' clothing and develop cavalry. In less than a year, Zhao had a powerful cavalry. After fighting in the south and north, Zhao became one of the great powers at that time. Stealing symbols to save Zhao: During the Warring States Period, the State of Qin sent troops to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Wei for help, and Wei sent troops to save Zhao. When Qin heard that Wei sent troops to save Zhao, he sent people to Wei to threaten Wang Wei. Wang Wei gave in to Qin and ordered those who went to save Zhao to stay where they were. So he wrote to Xin, the son of Wei State, for help. Xinlingjun once avenged Wang Wei's favorite concubine, such as Ji, for killing his father. Xinlingjun let Ruji steal the art of war from Wang Wei, thus seizing the military power, leading tens of thousands of soldiers to Handan, defeating Qin Jun and solving the siege of Handan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when Zhuan Xu killed Wu Wangliao, there was a power struggle within the State of Wu. Gongziguang (later He Lv, the king of Wu) hired Zhuan Xu to assassinate Wu Wangliao. On the day of the incident, my son entertained Liao Wang and secretly ambushed Jia Bing indoors. Liao Wang also took preventive measures, ordered people to line up along the way and deployed cronies around the steps of doors and windows. The guards standing in the middle of the road are all holding long beryllium. When the wine was hot, the son pretended to be ill with his feet and retreated to the back room. At that time, Zhuan appeared! He gave full play to his imagination and subjective initiative, creatively hid the dagger in the fish's stomach and pretended to provide food for Liao Wang. When you get to Liao Wang, it will be too late to say this! Zhuan suddenly tore open the fish's stomach, took out a dagger and stabbed Liao Wang! Liao Wang died instantly. Unfortunately, Zhuan Xu was killed by the guards at once. Childe light while the other leaderless, quick life ambush army attacked Liao Wang's attendants, the generals. In memory of Zhuan Xu, He Lv, the king of Wu, named Zhuan Xu's son Shangqing. This incident changed the situation of Wu. Sun Wu, Wu Zixu, etc. It was a great success to be appointed to manage Wu in an orderly way and become a big country, breaking the capital of Chu. Later, wuyue's hegemony was also caused by Zhuan Xu's killing of Wu Wangliao to some extent. [Fucha is the son of Gongzi Photon]. Zhuan Xu's assassination of Wu Wangliao was a high-level assassination with novel and earth-shattering techniques. Zhuan Zhu should be awarded the "Best Creative Assassin". Jing Ke stabbed Jing Ke, the king of Qin, to the top of his fame. Don't tell me you don't know his story. "The wind and rain hit Shui Han, and the strong men will never return" became a swan song. Although Jing Ke's assassination ended in failure, it had a great impact on history. Jing Ke's stabbing of the king of Qin accelerated the demise of the six countries and inspired people's courage to resist tyranny. Jing Ke has been praised for generations, and is well known to all women and children. The most famous assassin in history belongs to him. His story is also a hot topic in literature, TV series and movies, and is deeply loved by everyone. It is suggested that Comrade Jing Ke be awarded the "most famous assassin award". In addition to Korean biographies of assassins, Nie Zheng also has his name. Nie Zheng is a butcher, and becoming a knight-errant is a hobby. However, Nie Zheng was born to be an assassin, and after he made his mark, he became famous all over the world, and there was an endless stream of customers who came to contact the business. One day, Korean aristocrat Yan Zhongzi came to him with gold and sincerity, asking him to get rid of South Korean Prime Minister Xia Lei. Nie Zheng politely declined. Yan Zhongzi was unhappy: "Do you play big cards?" Zheng said, "No, because my mother is alive and my sister is unmarried, I can't die." Soon, Nie Zheng's mother passed away, and Yan Zhongzi came to offer condolences and held a parent-child ceremony. Nie Zheng was deeply moved. After the mother was buried, she married her sister in a hurry and followed the neutron to assassinate Xia Lei. When the hero moves, it's really extraordinary. As a prime minister, Xia Lei had dozens of bodyguards, but he was killed by martial arts from outside the prime minister's house and stabbed to death with a knife. At this time, the guards came around. Seeing that Nie Zheng could not escape, he decided to commit suicide by raising his sword. Before he died, he gouged out his eyes with a long sword and cut his face into a pile of paste. There is only one purpose for the hero to do this: not to let people recognize him, so as not to implicate his dear evil sister! In order to know who the assassin was, the South Korean government posted a notice saying that anyone who could recognize the body would be rewarded by 1200 yuan. When Nie Zheng's sister Nie Rong heard about it, she decided that it was her younger brother, so she threw herself at Nie Zheng's body in despair and burst into tears. The official asked her, aren't you afraid of being implicated? Nie Rong said: "My brother did this to prevent you from recognizing him, so as to save me. But in this way, isn't his reputation buried? Can I let my brave brother die in obscurity to save myself? " After Nie Rong shouted three times, he died beside his brother. It seems that the "most shocking assassin" must belong to Nie Zheng. [Article source copyright belongs to JFrS5e], Spring and Autumn Warring States Military Network] Zhu Hai Hammer Jinbi Remember the biography of Wei Gongzi Xinling Jun in the Chinese textbook? Zhu Hai is a strange man in that biography, a bit mysterious, hiding in the street to kill pigs for a living. In 257 BC, the king of Qin sent troops to besiege Zhao, and Zhao was in danger. So he sent someone to find Wei, and Wei sent a hundred thousand troops to meet him. When the king of Qin learned the news, he began to threaten Wang Wei. Wang Wei was afraid, and Jinbi, in a hurry, stopped moving. New Ling Jun knew that his lips were dead and his teeth were cold. He urged Wang Wei to send troops to save Zhao several times, but Wang Wei just stayed put. Xin didn't want to do nothing, so she raised a car and a horse and took her apprentice to help Zhao. When crossing the gate, Hou Ying [Warring States wei ren. He used to be a gatekeeper, and it was not until he was 70 that Xin regarded him as a guest of honor. He told him to his face: don't act rashly, son. I have a clever plan. Xinlingjun stole the drum from Wang Wei's favorite as planned, and took Zhu Hai to Jinbi to seize the military power. Comrade Zhu Hai killed Jinbi with a hammer on the spot. So Xin successfully seized the military power, commanded the army to save Zhao, and finally repelled and saved Zhao. It is suspected that Julius wrote the biography of the sledgehammer. Later, I don't know whether Zhang Zifang was inspired by Zhu Hai's humble hammer, but he also had the emperor hammered. Unfortunately, it's a big loss, or history will be rewritten again. Zhu Lishi will hit the target with one blow, and his weapon is strange, which can be described as "the most standard". The three schools are obsessed with what happened in the State of Jin, but they are the teachers of later generations: according to Zhao Ceyi in the Warring States Policy, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the State of Jin fell into the hands of Zhi, Zhao, Wei and Han Siqing, and actually became a puppet. In 458 BC (during the Warring States Period), an envoy was sent to ask Qi and Lu to send troops to attack the four clean-ups. Four clean-ups got the news and sent troops to attack Jin Dinggong. Unable to resist, Ding Gong was forced to flee and died on the road. After Ding Gong's death, Ji Jiao, the imperial clan, was established as the monarch, which was called Jin Aigong in history. Zhi Bo, an educated youth, monopolized the power of state affairs and became the largest minister in the State of Jin. Other Sanqing, Wei and Han Kang dare not challenge him. Zhi Bo made important contributions to Wei and Han Kang respectively. When he asked Zhao Xiangzi to cede the land, he was severely rejected. Zhi Bo was so angry that he immediately sent someone to order Wei and Han Kang to send troops to attack Zhao Xiangzi with him. Zhao Xiangzi estimated that Zhi Bo would attack him, so he was busy talking to his counselor Alina Zhang. Alina Zhang suggested going to Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi) to resist. In Jinyang, Zhao Xiangzi found few weapons capable of fighting. Zhang Meng talked and urged, "The fence here is made of wood more than a foot high, and the pillars in the temple are made of copper. These are all good materials for making weapons. " Zhi Bo led Wei Han to attack Jinyang, but Zhi Bo couldn't win because Wei Han didn't want to work for Zhi Bo. Jinyang was flooded by Zhi Bo and besieged for three years. Because there was water on the ground, the people put up sheds in the trees to live in, and the food in the city was almost finished. Many people fell ill because of cold and hunger, and their morale began to shake. One day, I met him and said, "Wei and Han had to do it." I want to explain their interests to them and mobilize them to betray Zhao and destroy Zhi Bo together. " Zhao Xiangzi was very happy and thanked him again and again. That night, we agreed to sneak into Wei and Han Ying, persuaded Wei and Han Kang, and decided that the three families would unite to destroy Zhi Bo, and share Zhi Bo's territory equally after the job was done. On the appointed day, Zhao, Wei and Han jointly attacked, killed Zhijun and fled, and Zhi Bo was captured. Since then, the state of Jin has become a tripartite confrontation between Zhao, Wei and Korea. One day, Alina Zhang said goodbye to Zhao Xiangzi. Zhao Xiangzi hurried to retain. Alina Zhang said, "What you want is to repay my efforts, and what I want is the truth of governing the country. It is because of my great contribution that my reputation will even surpass yours that I decided to leave. No monarch and minister in history have the same power and always get along well with each other. Don't forget the past, please let me go. " Zhao Xiangzi had to agree with regret. Alina Zhang talked about resigning from his official position, returning his fief, and living in seclusion in Fujiashan, where he spent his old age. Later generations changed the phrase "Never forget the past, the teacher of the future" to "Never forget the past, the teacher of the future" as an idiom to remind people to remember the lessons of the past for future reference. Encircling Wei to save Zhao: During the Warring States Period, Wei was always invaded by Qin. After Wei Anli acceded to the throne, Qin stepped up its attack, and Wei suffered repeated wars and defeats. In the first year of An, Qin attacked Wei and Wei lost two towns. The next year, Wei lost three more towns. Not only that, at that time, the army of Qin was approaching the capital of Wei, and the situation was very critical. South Korea sent troops to rescue, which was also defeated by Qin Jun. Wei had no choice but to cede territory to end the war; But in the third year, Qin attacked again, captured two towns of Wei, and killed tens of thousands of people. In the fourth year, Qin defeated the armies of Wei, Han and Zhao together and killed 150,000 soldiers. Mao Mao, the general of Wei, is also missing. Wei Jun's successive defeats made King Anli uneasy. At this point, another general in Wei Jun Duan was also very afraid. In order to have a safe life, he proposed to Jian 'an, cut Wan to Qin, and demanded a truce. Wang Anli was very afraid of Qin Jun's attack and thought that peace could be achieved by ceding land, so he did as Duan Ganzi said. At that time, there was a man named Su Dai, Su Qin's younger brother, who always advocated "uniting against Qin". He also urged the vassal States to unite against Qin. When he learned that Wei had ceded territory for peace, he said to King Anli, "The invaders are really insatiable. You can't exchange territory and sovereignty for peace like this. As long as your land is still there, you can't satisfy the desire of the invaders. It's like putting out a fire with firewood. Firewood is thrown into the fire one by one. How can the fire be put out? When the firewood is burned out, the fire will be extinguished. " However, King Anli refused to listen to Su Dai and still knelt down to make peace. After several years, Wei was finally destroyed by Qin.