On the application of personality difference principle in career choice

As we know, just as there are no two identical leaves on a tree, there are no two identical people in the world. Everyone has his own unique style, and this difference is mainly the difference of personality. The word personality comes from Latin persona, which refers to the mask worn by actors. Psychology follows its meaning and defines personality as the synthesis of a person's stable psychological characteristics. Personality includes two interrelated aspects. One is personality tendency, which is manifested in individual interests, attitudes, needs, motives, ideals, beliefs, values and world outlook. The second is the psychological characteristics of personality, which reflects the differences between individuals in temperament, personality and ability. There are three main differences in personality and psychological characteristics: temperament difference, personality difference and ability difference. Mastering the principle of personality difference is closely related to scientific career choice, which is of great significance.

First, temperament differences and applications

Temperament refers to the psychological characteristics such as speed, intensity, stability and flexibility of people's psychological activities. Especially in the speed of emotional production, the intensity of emotional experience, the stability and persistence of emotional state, the range of emotional changes and the speed of speech actions.

1, temperament type

People's temperament can be divided into four categories: sanguine, choleric, mucinous and depressive. Psychologically, it is called temperament type, and each has its own characteristics:

Bloody. High emotional excitement, obvious external performance, quick and flexible response. It shows that the mood changes quickly, and it is easy to produce emotional reactions to people and things. But the mood is unstable, the mood changes quickly, the random reaction is strong, and the plasticity is great. People of this temperament type have high sensitivity and low tolerance. They have quick manners, lively gestures and vivid facial expressions. Strong language expression and infection ability, quick thinking, good communication, emotional exposure, but not profound experience. Treat people warmly and kindly, but careless and impetuous. Doing things with interest, full of fantasy, lacking endurance and perseverance, unwilling to do patient and meticulous work.

Gary. It is characterized by high emotional excitability, poor inhibition ability, rapid but inflexible response, strong and lasting emotional experience, and rapid and explosive emotions. People who are choleric have low sensitivity, high tolerance and obvious extroversion. In my daily life, I am enthusiastic, easily excited, emotionally stable, straightforward, energetic, persistent, clear-headed, good at expressing, and quick and decisive in dealing with problems. But poor self-control, impatience, carelessness, sometimes willful, arrogant and disrespectful.

Mucous substance. It is characterized by low emotional excitability and involuntary reactivity, obvious introversion, little external performance, slow reaction speed but strong stability. People of this temperament type are not easy to change and expose their emotions, and are not easy to get excited. But once emotions are aroused, they become stable and profound. They move steadily and slowly, speak slowly and don't talk much. Be careful, think twice before you act. Good at forbearance, regular life, hard-working. Not flexible enough to divert attention easily. Easily stubborn and stiff.

Depression. It is characterized by low emotional excitement but profound experience, strong unconscious response and slow and inflexible response. Characterized by rigidity and introversion. People who belong to the type of depression are sentimental, and their emotional experiences are few and light, mostly in the form of emotions. Quiet, easy to get along with, popular, safe and reliable. Lack of determination and self-confidence, often showing loneliness and timidity. Work is easy to fatigue, and it is difficult to recover after fatigue.

2, temperament type and work arrangement

Temperament is neither good nor bad, and there is no distinction between good and evil. Every temperament has its positive side and negative side. Representatives of different temperament types can be found in every professional field, and people of the same temperament type can make outstanding contributions in different jobs.

Bloody people are suitable for diplomatic work, management work, drivers, waiters, doctors, lawyers, athletes, adventurers, journalists, actors, scouts, policemen and so on. Not suitable for meticulous work, monotonous mechanical work is also difficult to do. People with mucus tend to develop self-control, calmness, quietness and no impatience. Surgeons, judges, administrators, cashiers, nurses, telephone operators, accountants, broadcasters, supervisors, etc. They are all suitable jobs. Bold people like new activities, new climax and excitement. Suitable jobs such as tour guide, salesman, program host, speaker, foreign affairs receptionist, supervisor, etc. But it is difficult to sit for a long time and check carefully. Depressed people can do jobs that grumpy people can't. For example, proofreading, typing, typesetting, inspector, lumberjack, chemist, sculptor, embroiderer, storekeeper and office secretary are all their ideal jobs.

3, temperament difference application principle

The nature of activities in different positions in an organization is different. In general jobs, the various characteristics of temperament can complement each other. If someone studies excellent textile women workers and finds that they belong to sticky women workers, her steady attention can find the fault of broken head in time and overcome the defect that attention is not easy to shift; As a bloody female worker, her attention is easily diverted, and this flexibility makes up for the defect of distraction. They completed the work requirements of the same quality in different ways.

In fact, every job in an organization has specific requirements for the temperament characteristics of employees. Therefore, when choosing a career, we must consider the type of personal temperament and abide by two principles: First, the principle of temperament adaptation. When a person's work conforms to his temperament, it is easier to adapt to the work and it will be salty and enjoyable to work. On the other hand, if a person's work does not conform to his temperament, it will be more difficult for him to adapt to the work and work harder. The second is the principle of complementary temperament. In a group, letting people with different temperament types work together can play a complementary role of different temperament types, which is conducive to the completion of work tasks and improve work efficiency.

Second, personality differences and applications

Some people are honest, upright and humble; Some people are lively and sociable; Others are pessimistic and withdrawn. In the process of interpersonal communication, there are introverts and extroverts. In terms of emotional characteristics, there are stable and excited. Some people are active, others are passive to adapt to work. Apart from differences in appearance and body shape, differences in personality characteristics are the most important differences among individuals.

1, personality differences.

Personality is the coincidence of individual's stable attitude towards reality and habitual behavior. Personality differences are not only manifested in personality types, such as introversion, extroversion, independence, obedience, reason, emotional type, will and so on. , but also in all aspects of personality characteristics, which can generally be analyzed from four aspects:

Attitude characteristics of personality. It mainly includes the attitude towards society, others, oneself and work.

The will characteristics of personality. It is a sign of whether a person can consciously adjust his behavior style and level, indicating that he has a clear and profound understanding of the purpose of his behavior, whether he can actively restrain himself, whether he can make a choice quickly and accurately in difficult and urgent situations, and whether he can carry out his decision with tenacious perseverance. The characteristics of this aspect are: independence, discipline, organization, initiative, self-control and so on.

Emotional characteristics of personality. Usually manifested as the intensity, stability, persistence and dominant emotion of emotional activities.

Rational characteristics of personality. In other words, personality characteristics are manifested in feeling, perception, memory, thinking, imagination and so on.

2. Personality type and work arrangement

The relationship between personality and work can be said to be a mutual restriction and promotion. On the one hand, when arranging work, we should consider the professional quality of personality and try our best to adapt the work that individuals are engaged in to their personality characteristics. On the other hand, personality is gradually formed in long-term production and life practice. John, a famous American career guidance expert? 6? 1 Professor John of Hopkins University? 6? 1 The Netherlands divides occupational types and personality types into six categories: social type, management type, routine type, realistic type, research type and artistic type. And corresponding to the corresponding six categories of occupations:

Reality-this type of people like routine concrete labor and jobs that require basic skills. This kind of professional characteristics mainly refers to skilled manual labor and technical work, which is called "blue collar" in the west. Such as carpenters, blacksmiths, electricians, turners, construction workers, drivers, auto repair, etc.

Research-oriented-these people like intelligent, abstract and logical directional tasks, most of them like to work independently, and they don't want to be urged or urged by others, and they don't like strict discipline environment and repetitive activities. Its professional scope is mainly scientific research and laboratory work, mainly referring to scientific research personnel.

Artistic-this kind of people are rich in emotion, imagination and creativity, and want to express themselves by creating unique works of art. This kind of occupation mainly refers to artistic creation, using language, voice, movement, color and modeling to create artistic works. Typical occupations are writers, poets, musicians, actors, journalists and so on.

Social type-This kind of people are interested in socializing, willing to attend social places, concerned about social problems, with a strong sense of social responsibility, attaching importance to friendship, willing to serve others, and easy to get along with others, but often lack mechanical ability. The corresponding work is mainly dealing with people, such as teachers, doctors, nurses and ideological educators.

Enterprise-oriented-such people are extroverted, confident and energetic, interested in adventure activities and leadership roles, and have the skills of dominating, persuading and using language, but lack the ability of scientific research. The corresponding occupational scope mainly refers to management and decision-making work. Such as heads, leading cadres, managers and factory directors of state organs and working institutions.

Conventional type-these people are interested in systematic and orderly work, like a clean and orderly living environment, and are used to repeated habitual activities according to fixed rules and methods. Such people often lack artistic creation ability. Typical occupation is office work, such as office clerk, librarian, typist, etc.

Third, the ability difference and application

No matter what job you are engaged in, you must have certain ability to make a guarantee. Ability is a psychological feature developed in activities and directly affects the efficiency of activities.

1. Type of ability

There are many types of human abilities, which can be divided into general abilities and special abilities. General ability refers to some general abilities needed by various activities, which is equivalent to what people usually call intelligence. Including: attention, observation, memory, thinking and imagination. The five factors of general ability play different functions and special roles in the cognitive process. Special ability, also called professional ability, refers to general ability, which refers to the ability to engage in some special activities. Such as math ability, painting ability, music ability, management ability and so on. The Canadian Vocational Classification Dictionary classifies special abilities into 1 1: general learning ability (q), language ability (v), arithmetic ability (n), spatial judgment ability (s), morphological perception ability (p), staff ability (k), eye-hand coordination ability (k) and finger flexibility.