Accounts receivable is a kind of creditor's right formed with the sales behavior of enterprises. Therefore, the confirmation of accounts receivable is closely related to the confirmation of income. Accounts receivable are usually recognized at the same time as income. This course sets up detailed accounts for detailed accounting according to different units that purchase or accept labor services.

Abstract: With the rapid development of China's economy, the reform of financial system is deepening, and the accounting standards are constantly improving. However, the financial accounts between enterprises and between enterprises and customers may still be defaulted in accounting. Therefore, the provisions of China's new accounting standards have refined the accounting of enterprise accounts receivable and made more detailed provisions. This paper mainly analyzes some problems existing in accounts receivable accounting in China's new accounting standards, and puts forward some constructive suggestions from the aspects of the actual financial situation of enterprises, the controllable amount of bad debt reserves, the completion of information disclosure of bad debt reserves, and the dunning behavior of enterprise financial personnel.

[Keywords:] new accounting standards; Accounting; Bad debt research; receivables

At present, many enterprises often ignore the uncertain risks in the market while expanding their business. For example, at present, real estate enterprises are facing the influence of national macro-control and financial policy tightening, and the capital chain of enterprises is prone to the risk of tension and fracture, which also causes financial default between real estate enterprises and related cooperative enterprises, or between real estate enterprises and labor service companies. This will directly lead to the decline of corporate reputation, making it more difficult to borrow and finance, and adversely affect the long-term development strategy of enterprises. At present, the new accounting standards are implemented, and within the scope of the new accounting standards, the amount of accounts receivable within enterprises is accounted for to reduce the financial risks of enterprises in the process of operation or product sales.

First, the impact of the new accounting standards on enterprise accounts receivable accounting

With the increasingly fierce competition in the market, the competition among enterprises also presents survival competition, in which accounts receivable will inevitably be irrecoverable in the financial operation of enterprises, and even bad debts and dormant accounts will have a great impact on the working capital of enterprises. The impact of the new accounting standards on enterprise accounts receivable accounting is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

1. 1 the scope of bad debt provision.

With the development of market economy, the business reputation among enterprises is also facing the test of competition. With the continuous expansion of business and commodity transactions, the amount of accounts receivable is increasing. The probability of uncollectible bad debts faced by enterprises is also increasing, and there are also great risk factors for the negative impact on the working capital turnover rate of enterprises. In the traditional accounting and financial treatment, enterprises withdraw a certain amount of bad debt reserve from accounts receivable, and at the same time transfer the bills receivable that may not be recovered into accounts receivable to make provision for bad debts, but there is no strict regulation on the amount and scope of bad debts in other aspects.

1.2 Relationship between prepayments and accounts receivable

In the current provisions of the new accounting standards, there is no relevant provision for prepayments belonging to accounts receivable. The main reason can be understood as follows: at present, the market in China is still subordinate to the buyer's market, and basically the main trade mode is credit first and then delivery. Even for enterprises with strong brand strength, the amount of accounts received in advance is not too large and the proportion is very small, so the accounts received in advance are not included in the provision for accounts receivable. With the development of market economy, the market trade structure is constantly improving, and the advance payment as a contract term between enterprises is also increasing.

From the point of view of financial risk, advance payment is the money earned by the enterprise first, and then the goods or services are traded. For enterprises, the risk coefficient of prepayments is lower than that of accounts receivable, which greatly promotes the sustainable operation of enterprises. Therefore, in the new accounting standards, prepayments are not included in accounts receivable.

1.3 Initial measurement amount of accounts receivable

From the analysis of the terms of the new accounting standards, financial assets and financial liabilities can be basically determined when signing commodity sales contracts between enterprises. In the accounts receivable of commodity trade, after the goods are sold, the enterprise finance must keep an account of the accounts receivable and make a collection plan. In the new accounting standards, there is no provision for initial measurement of the amount of accounts receivable. As for the types of financial assets, the accounting time of accounts receivable is measured according to fair value, and the transaction cost of goods is also part of accounts receivable.

Second, the new accounting standards have improved the financial accounting of accounts receivable.

2. 1 Withdraw the amount of bad debt reserve according to the business conditions of the enterprise.

In the new accounting standards, the amount and scope of provision for bad debts have been expanded, but there is no detailed provision for provision for bad debts in accounts receivable. In the daily accounting treatment, the financial department of an enterprise should rationally plan the amount and scope of the accounts receivable reserve and reasonably calculate the necessary bad debt reserve according to the operation of the enterprise and the implementation of commodity trading funds. In the process of enterprise commodity trading, when confirming uncollectible accounts receivable, provision for bad debts should be made. When the seller's enterprise fails to satisfy the buyer's enterprise due to poor management or some other reason, the advance payment of the buyer's enterprise cannot be cashed, and should be included in the bad debt reserve according to the principle of financial work.

2.2 Formulate accounts receivable reconciliation system and payment plan.

In the actual work of enterprise finance, some financial personnel are influenced by personal factors such as financial accounting ability and work responsibility, which leads to the confusion of enterprise book funds and the lack of a complete financial reconciliation system, which makes enterprises encounter serious financial difficulties in the course of operation. Therefore, the financial department of an enterprise needs to formulate a feasible account receivable reconciliation system, regularly account for accounts receivable, regularly reconcile with operating enterprises, and formulate a perfect payment plan. Reasonable planning is mainly carried out from two aspects: first, enterprise financial personnel should check enterprise current accounts regularly and conduct accounting with banks and related enterprises; Secondly, enterprise financial personnel also need to cooperate with the enterprise marketing department to do a good job in the collection planning of accounts receivable, so as to accurately grasp the situation of accounts receivable and regularly collect accounts receivable by telephone or letter.

Third, the conclusion

Nowadays, the market is gradually opening to the outside world, and the competition between enterprises and countries is becoming increasingly fierce. In the competition, enterprises hope to continuously expand their business scope, avoid the credit crisis in commodity trading and enhance their competitiveness. Moreover, enterprise accounts receivable, as the lifeline of enterprise sustainable operation, is also the main work of enterprise financial personnel in accounting. In the implementation of the new accounting standards, the accounting work of enterprise accounts receivable has become more and more clear, which has brought some help to enterprise financial work. At the same time, enterprise financial personnel should establish a correct working attitude, be responsible for the enterprise, be meticulous in accounting accounts receivable in accordance with the relevant financial system, and carefully and responsibly make provision for bad debts, so as to maximize the interests of enterprises and avoid bad debt losses.

References:

Zhang Xiulan. On the provision for bad debts of notes receivable [J]. Accounting Newsletter, 20 1 1(9).

[2] Shi Yan. Accounting management of enterprise accounts receivable under the new accounting standards [J]. Chinese and foreign entrepreneurs, 20 13( 17).

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