1 SME integration

2. 1 bank loan

2.

2.3 bond market

2.4 Credit Guarantee Loan

2.5 financial leasing

2.6 financial leasing

2.7 Venture Capital

3 SME financing issues that need attention

4 Looking to the future, financial innovation

Second, how to write the Chinese and English abstract of the paper on financing difficulties for SMEs?

In recent years, the worldwide problem of financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises has become more and more obvious in China. On the one hand, enterprises can not get effective financial support, on the other hand, the financing department idles a lot of credit funds. Among many contradictions, small and medium-sized enterprises are the carrier of contradictions. To truly master the effective means to solve these contradictions, we must first start from the enterprise itself as the carrier of contradictions. Keywords small and medium-sized enterprises; Financing; Idle funds at present, there are a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises with uneven levels in China, especially in terms of company structure, operation and management, long-term strategy and so on. After years of theoretical discussion and research, many valuable suggestions and opinions have been formed on the self-construction of enterprises and the financing methods of financial institutions. In order to better understand the causes of this problem, the author recently made a comprehensive analysis of the financial situation of 10 small and medium-sized enterprises with stable profits, good product market prospects, basically sound internal management and the intention to apply for new loans, and found that there are indeed several problems that affect financing: First, after the excessive expansion of enterprise assets and the further increase of capital gap, China has no corresponding control over the management of scale expansion. The speed of scale expansion depends on the personal wishes of business owners. According to the investigation, the fixed assets of 65,438+09,765,438+02,000 yuan were invested with 65,438+09,765,438+02,000 yuan in four years, while the owners' equity (i.e. paid-in capital, profit reserve and undistributed profit) only increased by 65,000 yuan in four years. Long-term loans borrowed from financing departments only increased by 11260,000 yuan, while long-term liabilities did decrease by19.23 million yuan (see table1for details). In other words, during these four years, these enterprises misappropriated 78.72 million yuan of current loans and current assets for long-term asset investment, resulting in a long-term shortage of liquidity for enterprises and a new liquidity gap. In this way, in order to maximize profits, it is impossible to become a partner of financing units without seeking a comprehensive balance of funds and unplanned and unprincipled expansion. This is a major factor causing financing difficulties. Second, the use of enterprise funds is unbalanced, and the solvency of enterprises is obviously insufficient. The solvency of enterprises is the most concerned thing for financing units. After calculating and analyzing the financial data of these ten enterprises (see Table 2 for details), it is found that the average quick-acting ratio is only 55% and the average current ratio is only 65,438+0,065,438+0% in the past four years, which is obviously different from the general evaluation standard. The inventory of these enterprises accounts for more than 45% of current assets all the year round, so they need high liquidity indicators to ensure the solvency of enterprises (the quick ratio of enterprise evaluation should be around 100%, and the current ratio should be around 200%). The low liquidity of assets reflects that enterprises cannot guarantee the timely and full payment of short-term liabilities. This has formed a dangerous signal for creditors to recover their credit funds at maturity. Low liquidity and solvency is another factor that leads to "reluctance to lend" in the financing sector. Third, the investment of business owners is insufficient, and the ratio of assets to liabilities violates the principle of credit. The assets and liabilities of an enterprise will continue to grow in production and operation, and the amount of capital injected by shareholders or business owners directly reflects the owner's ability to bear debts. After calculating and analyzing the assets, liabilities and rights and interests of ten enterprises, it is found that the average property right ratio is 23 1%, while the asset-liability ratio is as high as 58% (see Table 3), both of which are far from the general evaluation indicators (enterprise evaluation indicators: the property right ratio is about 1: 1, and the asset-liability ratio is below 50%). This ratio is given. The solvency and loan-bearing ability of enterprises are important conditions to ensure the safety of creditors' funds. For an enterprise that has lost its stability, it has a high-risk, low-cost and high-return financial structure, which financing unit dares to pay attention to, which is another factor that cannot be well integrated into funds. Fourth, the financial system of enterprises is not perfect, which leads to the asymmetry of information between banks and enterprises and the imperfect financial restraint system of enterprises. At the same time, the quality of financial personnel is uneven, and the financial system of many enterprises can not be effectively played. Some enterprise financial personnel make financial information according to the owner's intention, and some accounting personnel have not received professional training, so they are completely unsure of the enterprise financial information structure. External statements can only reach a flat word, and there is no corresponding relationship between various statements, which causes the false data of enterprise financial statements, let alone the correct use of report subjects. Other enterprises, for their own benefit, form various reports with different data at the same time. One report is submitted to the competent department, one to the tax department and one to the bank, which makes it difficult for loan officers specializing in corporate finance to know the true face of Lushan Mountain, resulting in the financial statements of enterprises having no impact on the outside world. The root of credit risk in financial field is information asymmetry. The asymmetry of information makes the banking system have to ask small and medium-sized enterprises to provide sufficient guarantees when financing, which makes the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises unresolved for a long time and prevents enterprises from smoothly entering the financing list of financing units. V. Dialectically looking at the relationship between financing results and financing difficulties of enterprises Through the analysis of the financial situation of these ten enterprises and the financing situation in recent years, it is found that the financial sector has not implemented the so-called "fear of lending and reluctance to lend" to these small and medium-sized enterprises. Up to now, ten enterprises have borrowed RMB 654.38+0.4436 million from the financial sector, accounting for more than 79% of the total loan balance of the ten enterprises. It accounts for more than 10% of the total loans of local financial departments. In the case of serious shortage of liquidity index and high asset-liability ratio index, it can occupy a large-scale credit line for a long time. It cannot be said that the financial sector's "reluctance to lend" has affected the development of enterprises. If we strictly follow the principle of bank credit control, some enterprises have already been included in the ranks of over-proportional distribution, and it is impossible to enter the financing list of financing units. By understanding all the financial departments under our jurisdiction, several of the ten enterprises have proposed tens of millions of project loans and additional loans to financial institutions. Under the current financial situation of the above-mentioned enterprises, it is impossible to solve this "financing difficulty" problem by relying solely on the unilateral efforts of financing units to build a social credit environment. In order to make SMEs get effective credit support in their operations and develop in a harmonious, stable and standardized environment, we should not only create a good operating environment externally, but also build a first-class modern enterprise group with certain competitiveness, adaptability to changes in the international situation and ability to resist market risks. For this reason, the author believes that at this stage, SMEs should work hard on the authenticity of financial information, the controllability of asset expansion, the coordination of assets and liabilities, and the liquidity of debt repayment, which is the fundamental way to solve the financing difficulties. (A) Strengthening the effective constraints on the decision-making of small and medium-sized enterprises, standardizing their business behavior and creating a good external financing environment will only play a catalytic role in solving the main contradiction of financing difficulties. The real way to solve the problem should start with the establishment of modern enterprise financial system, focusing on solving the problems of imperfect financial system, inaction of financial supervision and low authenticity and accuracy of financial reports in small and medium-sized enterprises, improving the quality of enterprise financial personnel, enhancing owners' attention to financial situation, and establishing effective accounting supervision mechanism and audit system. Only by improving the credibility of external information of enterprises, breaking the deadlock of information asymmetry between banks and enterprises and increasing the confidence of financing units in financing small and medium-sized enterprises can we further dredge various financing channels in society. (2) Restrain the expansion behavior of enterprises and standardize the use of funds. At present, many small and medium-sized enterprises are still in the development stage, especially some industries with high profits. Enterprises have a greater desire to expand. Without normative constraints, excessive asset expansion will make enterprises vulnerable and can not stand the test of any market fluctuation. Therefore, the national enterprise management service department should introduce relevant systems as soon as possible to restrain the unlimited expansion of enterprises and form a business code jointly maintained by society and enterprises, so that enterprises can win the favor of financing units with their excellent asset quality and high credit, and solve the wishful financing situation. (3) Enterprises should strengthen their own financial strength and reduce their dependence on financing. Business operators should pay more attention to improving their internal strength, standardize market operation, increase their own accumulation, increase the proportion of their own funds in enterprise assets, increase the share of working capital, reduce their absolute dependence on external financing, obtain their own funds in applications, and increase assets in the process of enterprise expansion. Advocating moderate debt to make shareholders or business owners become beneficiaries, debtors and risk takers of real business operations can enhance creditors' confidence in their financing and gain more support from banks and social investment financiers. (4) Rational use of funds to ensure solvency and improve social credit. In the course of operation, enterprises should use limited funds in proportion, give consideration to safety, liquidity and profitability, and coordinate the relationship among them. Especially in the difficult financing environment, enterprises should strive to improve liquidity and enhance solvency, not only to reduce the opportunity cost of holding too much cash as much as possible, but also to ensure short-term solvency; Reach the quick ratio and current ratio above the general evaluation index, establish a good corporate image, eliminate bad credit records, win the trust of financing units with strong financial strength, good asset liquidity and high credit, and solve the current situation of financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises.

3. What data do you need to write a research report on SME financing?

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4. What data do you need to write a paper on SME financing?

For financing data, it depends on whether SMEs are in equity financing, operating loans or other forms. I believe there will be a comparison between relevant information and data in your paper. Therefore, combined with different data sources, financial executives will have the following three suggestions on data sources.

First of all, financial executives will think that the most authoritative source is of course the People's Bank of China. Every quarter, the central bank will release relevant information about social financing, and also release corresponding data every year.

Secondly, there are already professional industry websites doing data collection.

Third, the small and medium-sized enterprises you wrote should have typical cases.