The origin of putonghua
"Putonghua" was put forward by Zhu, an activist of "Qiezi Movement" in the late Qing Dynasty. 1906, he wrote a book called Jiangsu New Letters, which divided Chinese into three categories, one of which was "Putonghua". He also pointed out that Mandarin is "a common word in all provinces". At that time, people also called "Putonghua" "Lan Qing Putonghua". Since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing has been the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Many people go to Beijing to take exams, be officials and do business. Over time, they also learned Mandarin, but their Beijing dialect is somewhat mixed with local accent, so people use "Lan Qing" as a metaphor (the metaphor of "Lan Qing" is not very pure). At first, this kind of words can only be used in officialdom, so it is called "Mandarin". Later, more and more people spoke Mandarin, which was inappropriate. In the early years of the Republic of China, there was a new name called "Mandarin".
Soon after the name "Mandarin" was born, some people objected. 193 1 Qu Qiubai opposed the word "mandarin" and gave a scientific explanation of "mandarin". After the liberation of the whole country, the government paid great attention to the reform of Chinese characters. It not only took "Putonghua" as a strictly defined academic term (that is, "Modern China people speak the same language, with Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm"), but also took the promotion of "Putonghua" as the task of text reform.
Significance of Putonghua
Mandarin seems ordinary, but it has great functions. It can be called an information bridge between people. You will understand after listening to my explanation.
Mandarin is not common in our life. Everyone speaks dialects. If you are a Shandong native who can't speak Hangzhou dialect, come to Hangzhou to travel and watch "Liu Tou Tells the News" on hotel TV. It says: Give up the place where Santana came to Daqing Spring Road to set up a stall in 2000 ... This kind of program is all in Hangzhou dialect, and foreigners can't understand it at all. I suggest changing it.
Mandarin is the standard language of modern Chinese. Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation, northern dialect is the basic dialect, and the typical and standardized modern vernacular Chinese is the grammatical norm. It is an important part of writing reform. Or the whole nation understands * * *, and they all use the same language * * *. 1955 The Academic Conference on Standardization of Modern Chinese stipulates that Putonghua is the standard language of modern Chinese.
If we all learn Putonghua, communicate with you in Putonghua and build a deep friendship with each other, then Putonghua is the bridge of our friendship.
Mandarin is an indispensable thing in human life. If, when you go to other places, people speak dialects with you and you don't understand a word, it's time for Putonghua to come forward, which is the best way to solve communication problems.
Mandarin is also a language that respects elders and makes them easy to understand, otherwise you will easily be regarded as disrespecting elders.
"Homophonic" is the objective need of reform and opening up and market economy.
Yang Guang: China is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-dialect country. Language barriers caused by historical reasons are not conducive to economic development and social progress. As a unified developing socialist country, the problem of our common language has not been completely solved, which requires us to have a common language. According to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Common Language and Characters, Putonghua is the common language of the country. Mandarin is the standard language of modern Chinese. It takes Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in popularizing Putonghua. Especially after the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a socialist market economic system, the commodity market flourished, the floating population increased, and the information exchange was unprecedentedly active, which greatly promoted the popularization of Putonghua. For example, more than 100 million migrant workers go to cities, and the demand for language communication objectively promotes the popularization of Putonghua. Of course, the guidance and promotion of national language policy also plays an important role.
Liu: Popularizing Putonghua is the need of social development and the condition of population mobility and communication. Feudal system has lasted for more than two thousand years in China, and the mode of social production has always maintained the state of small-scale peasant economy. In addition, China has a vast territory and complicated geographical conditions, resulting in differences in dialects. However, the development of industry needs to form a big market, and its premise must be to popularize national education, and the important condition for popularizing national education is the unity of language and writing. As early as the Qin dynasty, China realized "the same language in books", and what we need to do now is to realize "the same language".
Mrs. Chen Zhangtai: In the past 20 years, Mandarin has spread rapidly. First of all, people's language concepts have undergone profound changes. Generally speaking, Mandarin sounds good and easy to communicate. They are proud to speak Mandarin and consciously learn to use it. Secondly, great changes have taken place in social language life. Putonghua plays an increasingly important role in social life. Putonghua is widely used in school teaching, radio and television, and most national staff use Putonghua in their official activities. More and more people in dialect areas and ethnic minority areas use not only Chinese dialects, but also national languages and Putonghua, and Putonghua has really become the national common language. In large and medium-sized cities all over the country, Mandarin has been basically popularized, with 80% people speaking Mandarin, 30% and 40% people in small towns speaking Mandarin, and more and more people in rural and remote areas can speak Mandarin. China's Constitution promulgated in 1982 clearly stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua which is commonly used throughout the country." In 2000, the state enacted the Law on the National Common Language and Characters, which confirmed the status of Putonghua in the whole country in legal form. In addition, a large-scale popularization week and Putonghua proficiency test were carried out, and Putonghua was gradually popularized throughout the country.
Hujie: Language is the carrier of teachers' work. Putonghua training has always been an indispensable vocational skill training for teachers. Teachers undertake the task of improving the quality of national culture, and of course they also undertake the task of popularizing common languages. In the eyes of children, the teacher's language is correct in both content and form. Therefore, both schools and teachers have the responsibility to promote Putonghua.