The law of value includes not only the decision and exchange of value, but also the realization of value. The socially necessary labor time I determines the value of a single commodity, and the socially necessary labor time II determines the total value of the commodity. In the socialist market economy, the role of the law of value is still twofold. We should not ignore or avoid the negative effect that the law of value will produce polarization or widen the gap between the rich and the poor, but should take effective measures to solve it.

The law of value is an important content of Marx's labor value theory, and it is the basic law of commodity economy and market economy. Exploring the new problems, new phenomena and new contradictions of this law under the condition of socialist market economy is of great significance for us to consciously act according to the law of value, mobilize the enthusiasm of various market subjects and promote the development of socialist market economy.

Law of value and its function

First, the law of value is the basic economic law of commodity production and commodity exchange.

The economic condition for the existence of law of value is the existence and development of commodity economy.

The basic content and objective requirements of the law of value: the value of goods is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing goods; Commodities must be exchanged according to the principle of equivalence.

This objective requirement of the law of value is realized through competition in the commodity economy based on private ownership.

The basic expression of the law of value: the price is influenced by the relationship between supply and demand and fluctuates spontaneously around the value.

1) Price and value are often inconsistent, but they never deviate too far (they are consistent in the long run).

2) From the perspective of different commodities in the same period, some commodities are higher than the value, and some commodities are lower than the value (that is, they are highly offset)

3) The factors that affect the change of commodity prices are:

(1) Changes in commodity value

② Changes in the total amount of banknotes issued.

(3) changes in the value of monetary goods

(4) changes in the relationship between supply and demand of commodities.

Second, the role of the law of value.

1. Spontaneously adjust the distribution of social labor among social production departments (adjustment function).

When the production of a certain department is insufficient, the price of its products will rise, attracting commodity producers to invest in production materials and labor; On the contrary, when the sector overproduces, commodity producers will withdraw the means of production and labor from the sector and move to profitable sectors.

Stimulate producers to improve technology and promote the development (promotion) of social productive forces

Commodity producers improve their technology and labor productivity, and strive to make their personal labor time less than socially necessary labor time.

13. Causing polarization of commodity producers (leading to capitalist production relations under certain conditions) (materially encouraging producers and encouraging the survival of the fittest).

Third, the role of the law of value is realized through the market, supply and demand and competition mechanism.

The role of market The market is the basic condition for the existence and development of commodity economy, and it is also the field and place for commodity exchange.

1) Market is an important condition for the development of commodity economy.

2) The market determines the direction of commodity production and operation.

3) Market is the fundamental condition for realizing commodity value and commodity production efficiency.

4) The market is the hub of commodity economic relations between different departments, different regions and different enterprises. The market expands with the continuous development of commodity economy.

2. Supply and demand

1) The market is the sum of supply and demand of commodities. The relationship between supply and demand and the wishes of buyers and sellers constitute the content of market activities.

2) Supply (S) refers to the total amount of goods that are put into the market or can be provided to the market in a certain period of time.

3) Demand (d) refers to the social demand that has the ability to pay in a certain period of time, that is, the total purchasing power of society or the total amount of goods that buyers can take away from the market.

4) supply and demand relationship supply and demand balance S=D

Supply exceeds demand. D

The supply does not meet the demand.

3. competition

1) competition is a form of power struggle and interest struggle between commodity producers or demanders.

(1) Competition is a universal feature of commodity economy. As long as there is a commodity economy, there must be market competition.

(2) From the content, the competition of similar goods is mainly good (quality) and cheap (price).

2) the role of competition

(1) Promote the determination and realization of commodity value quantity and implement the law of value.

② Promote the development of social production and science and technology.

(3) together with the law of value, adjust the distribution of means of production and social labor among various departments.

The law of value includes not only the decision and exchange of value, but also the realization of value. The socially necessary labor time I determines the value of a single commodity, and the socially necessary labor time II determines the total value of the commodity. In the socialist market economy, the role of the law of value is still twofold. We should not ignore or avoid the negative effect that the law of value will produce polarization or widen the gap between the rich and the poor, but should take effective measures to solve it. The law of value is an important content of Marx's labor value theory, and it is the basic law of commodity economy and market economy. Exploring the new problems, new phenomena and new contradictions of this law under the condition of socialist market economy is of great significance for us to consciously act according to the law of value, mobilize the enthusiasm of various market subjects and promote the development of socialist market economy. Law of value and its function

1. The law of value is the basic economic law of commodity production and commodity exchange. 1. The economic condition for the existence of the law of value is the existence and development of commodity economy. 2. The basic content and objective requirements of the law of value: the value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities; Commodities must be exchanged according to the principle of equivalence. 3. This objective requirement of the law of value is realized through the competition in the commodity economy based on private ownership. 3. The basic expression of the law of value: the price is influenced by the relationship between supply and demand and fluctuates spontaneously around the value. 65,438+0) Price is often inconsistent with value. But it will never deviate too far (in the long run, the two are the same). 2) From the perspective of different commodities in the same period, some commodities are higher than the value, while others are lower than the value (consistent with each other). 3) The factors that affect the change of commodity price are: ① the change of commodity value; (2) Changes in the total amount of banknotes issued; (3) changes in the value of monetary goods; (4) changes in the relationship between supply and demand of commodities.

Second, the role of the law of value 1. Spontaneous adjustment of the distribution of social labor among social production departments (adjustment) When a department is under-produced, the price of its products will rise, attracting commodity producers to invest in production materials and labor; On the other hand, when there is overproduction in this sector, commodity producers will withdraw the means of production and labor and transfer them to profitable sectors. 1. Stimulate producers to improve technology, promote the development of social productive forces, and strive to make their personal working hours less than socially necessary working hours. 2. Causing polarization of commodity producers (leading to capitalist relations of production under certain conditions) (giving material encouragement to producers)

Third, the role of the law of value is realized through the market, supply and demand and competition mechanism. 1. The role of the market is the fundamental condition for the existence and development of commodity economy, and it is also the field and place for commodity exchange.