For thousands of years, poets, philosophers and doctors have closely linked blood with life. They speculate that blood is either formed by breathing the aura in nature or transformed from the essence in food. However, they don't know the true source of blood.
It should be said that human beings have long realized the importance of bone marrow. In ancient times, people ate animal bone marrow and thought it was nutritious. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that bone marrow is formed by the combination of Shui Gu's semen and kidney qi, which permeates into the bone gap, so that sufficient bone marrow can rise and replenish the brain marrow. In the west, bone marrow is considered as a natural source of heat and energy. Shakespeare said, "Your bones have no bone marrow, so your blood is cold."
People seem to realize that there is some connection between bone marrow and blood. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, doctors once gave blood patients bone marrow to replenish blood, but the effect was not great. It was not until the middle of19th century that the mystery of bone marrow hematopoiesis was revealed by German medical scientist Newman and Italian medical scientist Bizzozero respectively.
Newman once published a paper entitled "The Role of Bone Marrow in Blood Formation" in the Bulletin of Medical Science published in June 1868+00, reporting that there are a large number of nucleated red blood cells in bone marrow, which are the precursors of red blood cells in blood, so he concluded that bone marrow is the production base of red blood cells. Almost at the same time, Italian medical scientist Bizzozero also confirmed that nucleated red blood cells are the precursors of seedless red blood cells, and he also pointed out that white blood cells are also produced by bone marrow cells. The discovery of Newman and Bizzozero immediately aroused great interest in the medical field, and many medical scientists began to further study the origin of blood cells and put forward various theories. For example, some people think that red blood cells are the product of the disintegration of white blood cells, some people suggest that hemoglobin is swallowed by primitive cells to form red blood cells, and others insist that red blood cells are formed in the liver. Although these understandings are not correct now, it is the debate between these different viewpoints that strongly promoted the in-depth study of hematology at that time.
Since mature seedless red blood cells are transformed from naive nucleated red blood cells, how did this transformation happen? In other words, how did nucleated red blood cells become seedless red blood cells? Some people think that the core has not actually disappeared, but has changed its shape and is no longer visible. Scholars who support nuclear disappearance are divided into two groups: one group, represented by Newman, believes that red blood cells are reabsorbed by the cells themselves during their growth; Bizzozero's supporters believe that the nucleus is expelled from the cell during maturation. Due to the limitation of research methods, it was difficult for both factions to produce enough evidence to refute each other. Besides, each of them had more important work to do, and the argument soon stopped. It was not until the middle of the 20th century that people got a better understanding of this problem with the development of photomicrography and the application of electron microscope. The current research results support Bizzozero and others' view that the nucleus is expelled from the cell during maturation.
We now know that bone marrow is the base camp for making blood cells. Bone marrow can produce 200 billion red blood cells every day; 65.438+00 billion white blood cells and 400 billion platelets. Just as oil buried deep in underground rocks is the basic guarantee of human production and life, bone marrow is the basic guarantee of a series of important life activities of human body.