Riemann was born in a Puritan family in a small village in Hanover, Germany. His father is a village priest, and he hopes his son will inherit his legacy and become a priest when he grows up. According to his father's wishes, 19-year-old Riemann entered the University of G? ttingen to study philosophy and theology. However, Riemann loved mathematics from an early age. He showed high mathematical ability when he was in middle school. According to his math teacher, Sama Foster, Riemann fully understood the French mathematician Legendre's number theory when he was 16 years old.
At that time, Gottinkov was one of the world's mathematics centers, and its atmosphere of mathematics teaching and research was very strong. After studying philosophy and theology, Riemann listened to Gauss's least square method and Stein's definite integral whenever he had time. Influenced by the environment, he decided to give up theology and specialize in mathematics.
1847, Riemann transferred to Berlin University, where he studied under Bhagabi, Rikli and St? ller. There, he studied advanced algebra, number theory, integral theory, partial differential equations and elliptic equations, and began his journey of learning mathematics.
Two years later, Riemann put forward his doctoral thesis "General Theoretical Basis of Complex Variable Function Theory", which laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment of multivalued analytic functions. Gauss said happily, "I wanted to write such a paper many years ago."
1854 is an important year in Riemann's life. He not only became a lecturer at the University of G? ttingen, but also creatively established Riemann geometry with the method of differential geometry. This method and means of dealing with geometric problems is a profound revolution in the history of geometry.
In the great achievements, Riemann was greatly encouraged. In the next few years, he devoted all his energy to mathematical research, which covered almost the whole field of mathematics.
1858, he put forward the famous Riemann conjecture in a paper on the distribution of prime numbers. After this conjecture was put forward, it stood in the kingdom of mathematics like Mount Everest. At present, many people have climbed the roof of the world, but no one has proved this conjecture. Riemann also accepted the worship of future generations with this conjecture.
Riemann's creative work was not unanimously recognized by the mathematical community at that time. German mathematician Klein commented on him: "Riemann has a strong intuition, which makes him surpass contemporary mathematicians." However, his thought is profound and his attitude in some work is not rigorous enough, which has caused great controversy.
In addition to mathematical research, Riemann also introduced mathematics into physical research, and achieved a series of fruitful results by summarizing ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations abstracted from physical problems. In addition, he was the first person to deal with shock waves mathematically.
Because of years of poverty and fatigue, Riemann began to suffer from pleurisy and tuberculosis less than a month after she got married in 1862, and died in 1866. He was only active in the field of mathematics for 15 years, but he made an epoch-making contribution to the study of pure mathematics. After his death, many mathematicians began to demonstrate Riemann theorem again and made brilliant achievements. Einstein's general theory of relativity is based on Riemann geometry.