abstract:
With the acceleration of geographical knowledge updating,
The new curriculum reform has improved the requirements for students' information literacy. Therefore,
keep
The application of GIS in geography teaching has become an important task for modern teachers.
This paper discusses it based on the author's teaching practice.
This paper introduces the application of geographic information system in geography teaching in senior high school.
Key words:
geographical information system (GIS)
Geography teaching
introduce
With the advent of the information age,
Geography, some computer technology,
Effectively integrate space technology,
A new door was born.
Xing technology-geographic information system. Geographic information system (
geographical information system (GIS)
, referred to as
geographical information system (GIS)
) is a ...
The species to be collected,
A spatial information system that stores, manages, analyzes and describes data related to the geographical distribution of the earth's surface.
It is on the ground
Based on spatial database
,
With the support of computer technology, geographic model analysis methods are used to provide various spaces.
And dynamic geographic information.
Geography is a subject that studies the spatial distribution of natural and human phenomena on the earth's surface and their relationship.
Related disciplines have strong practicality and application.
The basic goal of geography education in middle schools is to impart geography knowledge and cultivate places.
Scientific skills and improving geographical thinking ability. Therefore, in middle school geography teaching, relevant information can be appropriately added according to the curriculum standards.
geographical information system (GIS)
In order to broaden students' horizons,
Can also be applied
geographical information system (GIS)
Improve geography teaching,
Broaden students' thinking of solving problems
Road, cultivate students' comprehensive ability to use knowledge and their innovative spirit and practical ability.
1
、
geographical information system (GIS)
A brief introduction to development
geographical information system (GIS)
root
20
hundred years
60
Canadian surveyor in the 1980s.
R. Tomlinson
Firstly, this paper puts forward a geographic information system.
The concept and establishment of the world's first geographic information system,
For the management and planning of natural resources.
Later,
Harvard University
Students majoring in land survey
J. dangermond
In his graduation thesis, he designed a simple
geographical information system (GIS)
System, and
Established after graduation.
ESRI
The company has promoted it
geographical information system (GIS)
The development of. After 1990s, with the establishment of geographic information industry.
As well as the popularity of digital information products in the world, geographic information system will gradually penetrate into all walks of life, becoming people's production,
An indispensable tool and assistant in life, study and work. Due to foreign countries
geographical information system (GIS)
Development earlier, its
geographical information system (GIS)
The education system also
Relatively perfect: such as the United States, Japan, Australia, Canada, Britain, Germany and so on.
geographical information system (GIS)
Professional education is mentioned a lot.
Important height. Universities in these countries have many related majors, such as architecture, municipal engineering, forestry, geography and urban planning.
Wait, it's all increased.
geographical information system (GIS)
Courses. our country
geographical information system (GIS)
from
20
hundred years
80
Beginning in the early 1990s,
90
It was only in the 1990s that it entered into rapid development.
Stage. middle school
geographical information system (GIS)
Education is in its infancy. And realize
geographical information system (GIS)
Education is not only the implementation of geography education.
The responsibility of geography education is also the task given to geography education by education itself.
geographical information system (GIS)
Students' mastery of education and geographic information technology
Understanding and application of research technology,
The establishment of systematic thinking in geographical areas and the cultivation of thinking ability in geographical space,
And geography
The analysis and handling of problems have irreplaceable unique functions. Therefore, the author thinks that trying to put
geographical information system (GIS)
be suitable for
2
It is imperative to learn geography in teaching.
2
、
geographical information system (GIS)
The urgency of implementing information technology in geography teaching in senior high school
2. 1
The need of the development of the times
20
hundred years
90
After 1990s, with the rapid development of computer and network technology, the updating speed of geographical knowledge is getting faster and faster.
Come on,
will
geographical information system (GIS)
Introducing geography teaching in middle schools is the requirement of the information age.
geographical information system (GIS)
It contains a large amount of information and has a fast update speed.
content
Rich
,
A large number of geographic information and theories can be combined and stored.
,
For students to inquire and use.
,
Let the students master the latest.
Geographic information and knowledge.
2.2
The need of discipline development
At present, some reference books used in geography teaching are outdated.
Coupled with the constraints of objective factors,
But I always don't
It can be updated in time, which affects the depth and breadth of geography teaching. use
geographical information system (GIS)
Geography teaching can realize geography.
Data and the world are updated synchronously,
In order to grasp the development of disciplines in other countries in the shortest time.
Religion in China
Yukbu
2003
"Geography Curriculum Standard for Full-time Senior High Schools" promulgated in 2006
(
experiment
)
Geographic information technology has been included in the compulsory course.
Course content, which is listed as one of the seven elective modules of geography, clearly points out that:
"Emphasize that information technology is
Application in geography learning,
Give full consideration to the influence of information technology on geography teaching,
Create favorable geographical information meaning for students.
Teaching environment of knowledge and ability.
"
2.3
The needs of students' individual development
The new curriculum standard points out that teaching is all for the development of students.
As the main body of teaching,
There are great differences among students. get through
It is difficult for a unified teaching method to pay attention to the needs of all students.
geographical information system (GIS)
Can provide interactive teaching situations for students,
They can take root.
According to their own actual situation, we should learn relevant geographical contents so that every student can gain something.
three
、
geographical information system (GIS)
Practical application in geography teaching.
3. 1
Stimulate students ' interest in learning
Dialectical materialism holds that
,
The development of things is the result of the interaction between internal and external factors. External factors are conditions, and internal factors determine conditions.
Use. Hunger aroused people's enthusiasm for food.
,
Hunting forces people to run fast. In other words, demand is subjective.
The most fundamental driving force to give full play to initiative.
Students are the main body of learning activities,
Stimulating the subjective initiative of the subject is to improve the teaching quality.
key Interest is the best teacher for students, which can drive students to find and solve problems actively. Like students.
I am very interested in the content of tourism geography as an elective course in senior four.
I hope I can learn more about China and even the world through the study of geography.
If you want to visit scenic spots, you should not only satisfy the visual enjoyment,
Relax and get to know the cultural characteristics of different regions. But based on class hours
And the limitation of teaching AIDS, it is difficult to achieve the expected effect of students. Of course, students' interest in learning geography will be greatly reduced. In fact,
As an elective course, tourism geography is full of fun from the composition of content, which can greatly arouse the enthusiasm of students.
However, limited by the way of presentation, it seriously hinders the improvement of learning efficiency and often leads to inefficient or ineffective teaching.
geographical information system (GIS)
The emergence and solution of.
three
Question-according to the main content of the textbook and supplement the relevant tourist attractions to contact the traffic,
Accommodation and cultural characteristics.
geographical information system (GIS)
Tourist map. Compared with general maps,
geographical information system (GIS)
Tourist maps can provide students with more detailed and accurate information:
(1) Due to the limitation of map area, general tourist maps can only present some main information, which cannot meet the needs of different groups of people.
Various needs. but
geographical information system (GIS)
With the support of computer technology, tourist maps show the characteristics of large capacity, which students can learn.
Read selectively according to your own needs.
(2) General tourist maps appear in paper form, which is difficult to save. Creases, breakage, etc. appear after long-term use. It will happen.
Phenomenon, short service life, affecting the normal use of students.
geographical information system (GIS)
Tourist maps exist with the help of computers and are easier to save.
(3) General tourist maps can't update information in time,
Sometimes students get the wrong instructions.
geographical information system (GIS)
travel
Maps can be corrected and modified in time through the network to ensure the authenticity of information.
(4) General tourist maps have specific legends,
Part of the information is mixed together,
Increased the difficulties of students.
geographical information system (GIS)
travel
The map presentation is intuitive,
And has inquiry function,
Students can inquire about relevant information. The information is clear and easy to use.
It is convenient and fast to come, saving students' precious time.
3.2
Help students to establish the concept of space.
Geography is a very spatial subject. In geography learning, students are required to master the main geographical things and spaces.
Distribution,
And form the concept of space.
But in fact,
The information to be reflected in geography class is extremely extensive and distant, some of which are
Invisible.
Large quantity, abstract expression,
It is impossible for students to store all the information in their brains. If only by
Under the teacher's limited explanation,
Students can't look at it from different angles.
In-depth analysis of the relationship between different levels of geological things.
Analysis.
Therefore,
It is impossible to present a complete and vivid image in students' minds.
Can't form a solid and profound memory.
because
So when we analyze the space of geographical things, we need to use maps.
Maps are the second language of geography,
A lot of information is based on
In the form of a map. Compared with pure text memory, the memory effect of map is better.
geographical information system (GIS)
With data input, storage, numbering
According to the operation and treatment,
Data display and result output, map drawing,
Organization and management of geographic database, query of spatial information
And measurement,
Spatial analysis and other functions,
Can be used for processing geographic data with spatial characteristics,
Help students to establish the concept of space.
special
geographical information system (GIS)
Spatial information visualization based on. It enables students to have a very intuitive view of the state of everything in space.
The feeling.
Whether displaying the map and query information that can be scaled infinitely on the screen,
Or show a three-dimensional land?
The shape model makes students understand the spatial relationship in the real world more intuitive and concrete. pass by
geographical information system (GIS)
In the displayed spatial information
Visual effects,
Can help students reveal the spatial relationship,
Spatial distribution pattern and spatial development trend.
For example, geography teaching in high school.
Ask students to understand the influence of topography on climate.
We can illustrate the relationship between China's topography and climate to tell the story of this place.
Principle: Overlay the topographic map of China with the climate map, and let the students analyze the topographic map first.
Then analyze the climate map, and finally put two important
Elements are superimposed and compared,
That is, what kind of terrain will form what kind of climate.
Students try to use terrain elements to explain.
The formation of climate.
It is easier that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a special alpine climate because of its high altitude.
If time permits,
I
four
Students can also ask them to talk about the influence of American topography on their climate.
Learn and use immediately,
Realize the migration of geographical knowledge,
Deepen learning
Students understand the influence of topography on climate.
3.3
Help students improve their ability to solve problems.
Influenced by the traditional way of thinking in education and teaching,
At present, the vast majority of middle school geography teachers still stay in the classroom.
In the teaching mode, students can only follow the textbook.
Consolidating what you have learned limits the thinking of students and teachers.
The realization of the value of subject education has been hindered to some extent.
It also violates the educational concept of the new curriculum.
that is
"Comprehensive teaching and
Courses "
、
"Attach importance to interactive teaching"
、
"Building a dynamic classroom teaching operation system"
Wait a minute.
Geography classroom teaching also exists.
On many issues.
For example:
The teacher asked the students many questions.
And guide students to actively ask fewer questions,
Despise or even restrain students from discovering problems,
Consciousness and enthusiasm of asking questions actively; There are many "knowledge training" questions, but there are fewer and fewer thoughtful and enlightening questions.
The quality of "full house questioning" is poor, and it has almost become a disguised "full house irrigation"
. Students' consciousness of independent inquiry, discovery and innovation can not be cultivated.
Due development, emotion,
Will,
The spiritual realm cannot be properly shaped and sublimated. Maybe students can conquer the test paper.
A difficult problem,
But when faced with problems in real life, they are at a loss.
There will be more complex worlds in the future.
At a loss.
Einstein said:
"Asking a question is far more important than solving a problem.
"
The new curriculum concept requires that teachers should
The promoters of students' learning are researchers, builders of courses, developers of teaching and education, and teachers with open society.
will
geographical information system (GIS)
Introducing middle school geography teaching is a powerful tool for middle school geography curriculum reform. because
geographical information system (GIS)
It is not only a teaching tool for teachers.
It is also a learning tool for students, and the courses faced by teachers and students will no longer be simple textbooks.
Teachers, students and teaching materials will
Become a unity and an organic part of the curriculum.
geographical information system (GIS)
It will act as a bridge and button between teachers, students and textbooks.
The function of the belt.
In the process of learning, teachers and students interact.
Information flows in many directions.
For example, we learn some geographical concepts or principles among students.
Only provide them with some facts.
(
example
)
And let students read the materials themselves, or let students learn from their own study, life and
Choose and determine special topics in social life, explore independently,
Find, analyze and solve problems by yourself,
Thereby obtaining
A way to acquire knowledge and cultivate creativity.
In the process of geography teaching,
Let's not give students ready-made things.
Instead, we should make full use of novelty, doubts, difficulties and contradictions to arouse students' thinking conflicts in the conceptual field and promote students' self-learning.
Use your brains to discover and explore, and the questions and conclusions of exploration are made by students themselves. First of all,
We are based on students.
Level,
Determine the inquiry type of inquiry geography teaching topic.
The research project is a problem of understanding the objective world and people themselves.
For the main purpose,
Including social surveys,
Scientific experiments and literature research, etc.
Project activity class is mainly designed to solve a problem.
More complicated operation problems are the main purpose,
For example, simulating the design of subway lines.
Secondly,
Guide students
Design a research plan.
The research plan mainly includes the specific steps and plans of the research.
This is the key to the whole research study.
I
Students can master according to students.
geographical information system (GIS)
The actual situation of technology, combined with the previous projects or topics, guide students to gradually establish and repair.
Under implementation,
So as to achieve the purpose of feasible scheme.
Third,
In the implementation process,
We help solve the problems we encounter.
Finally, carry out research study and show the results. There may be different results, so we should guide students to look at each other.
five
close
geographical information system (GIS)
Explore, learn and sum up experience.
3.4
Help students achieve personality development.
The new curriculum reform points out that we should pay attention to students' needs. It is necessary to realize students' personality development as well as their all-round development.
Exhibition.
geographical information system (GIS)
It can provide an interactive learning environment with friendly interface and intuitive image.
geographical information system (GIS)
The multimedia electronic map not only
The picture is clear,
Color harmony,
Through the combination of video and sound,
It has strong appeal and strong human-computer interaction.
Students pass the operation
geographical information system (GIS)
Autonomous learning map can change the course materials, but it can only provide blueprints for teachers and students.
Passive acceptance of knowledge,
Realize the integration of information technology and geography curriculum content,
Is beneficial to students' active learning,
Students can
In order to study selectively according to their own needs, carry out personality learning and establish their own geographical knowledge framework.
geographical information system (GIS)
Man-machine mutual assistance can be realized,
Individual guidance,
Is conducive to between teachers and students,
Cooperation and communication among students. From cognitivism
Generally speaking,
Cooperative learning can promote the meaning construction of learning,
Promote students' high-level geographical thinking and learning activities.
The reasons are as follows
Next: first of all, communication, controversy,
Opinion synthesis helps learners to construct new,
A deeper place.
Understanding of things;
Second, in cooperative learning,
Learners' ideas,
The idea of solving the problem is clear,
Clear,
Learners can better monitor their own understanding and thinking process.
Behaviorists believe that,
What the students see is the same.
Your partner's success will improve your sense of self-efficacy.
four
、
geographical information system (GIS)
Problems existing in the implementation of geography teaching in senior high school
4. 1
Lack of teachers
geographical information system (GIS)
Development up to now,
Although there are many mature softwares for teachers to use,
However, most of these softwares are complex in function and operation.
Miscellaneous,
It takes some time and relevant computer foundation to be familiar with and master these softwares.
This is for full-time teachers of general geography.
It's a little difficult for me.
geographical information system (GIS)
It needs the school to spend money to buy it, and geography teachers have difficulty in learning and mastering it, which is undoubtedly correct.
geographical information system (GIS)
The application in geography teaching has caused obstacles.
Therefore,
There is an urgent need for relatively simple software.
Get out of the current predicament.
4.2
Moderation of teaching demand
geographical information system (GIS)
Teaching should be based on the actual teaching environment to take hierarchical,
By region,
Different levels of treatment are different.
Can be divided into bases
Basic teaching, extended teaching and research teaching are carried out at several levels. In teaching methods, we should pay attention to intuition and strengthen tradition.
Teaching methods and multimedia teaching,
Visit,
The combination of teaching modes such as practice;
At the level of expansion and research, we should strengthen
Cultivation of students' practical ability, basic operation skills and system design ability.
4.3 Geographic Information System
Applicability of teaching materials
Compile teaching materials suitable for China's national conditions and students' characteristics
geographical information system (GIS)
Teaching materials, provide supporting exercises in teaching materials, and establish relevant networks.
Stand up. It is practical and convenient for students to use. Strengthen social consciousness through the importance of teaching materials
geographical information system (GIS)
Application in geography teaching
Pay close attention, connect with the world and narrow the gap between us and developed countries.