The relationship between science, especially natural science and philosophy is concrete and general, and it is the relationship between practice and theory. The two are interrelated and promote each other. Scientific research can not be separated from philosophical thinking, judgment and logic, and philosophical research should also be based on science. They are different disciplines and are inextricably linked.
2. The concrete expression of the relationship between science and philosophy.
First of all, natural science is the foundation of the development of philosophy. Early philosophers studied nature and discussed what was the origin of everything and how everything in the universe changed from its origin. Philosophy used to be separated from people to study natural science. Philosophy was initially judged as a natural science, but due to the development of science, it gradually separated from natural science and became an independent discipline. Therefore, many western natural scientists were philosophers in the past.
Second, the development of natural science has a profound philosophical origin. The development of any natural science is inseparable from philosophy, which is bound to be dominated and restricted by philosophical thoughts. Especially in ancient society, when philosophy and natural science were not completely separated, they were particularly close. Traditional Chinese medicine belongs to the category of ancient natural science, and its theoretical system has never been divorced from ancient natural philosophy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constructs a theoretical system based on China's simple materialism and spontaneous dialectics in ancient times, namely, the theory of Qi monism and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The theory of Qi monism and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements not only provide Chinese medicine with a simple materialistic and dialectical view of nature and life, but also establish an overall research method of Chinese medicine, so that Chinese medicine can understand nature and life from a connected, developed and comprehensive point of view, thus clarifying man and nature, the essence of life, health and disease. Traditional Chinese medicine uses philosophical concepts and categories to observe things, thus clarifying a series of problems in traditional Chinese medicine, which run through all aspects of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine and make it an important part of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. Although Chinese medicine comes from long-term experience accumulation, it has not been eliminated by scientific experimental methods like other empirical sciences. The fundamental reason is that the theory of TCM is full of simple materialism and spontaneous dialectics.
Third, natural science constantly enriches and promotes the development of philosophy. These philosophical concepts and categories, such as the monism of Qi and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, were explored, verified and deepened in the practice of TCM diagnosis and treatment, thus enriching and developing China's ancient philosophical theory.
Ancient philosophy explained the law and process of "gasification" of the universe with the theory of "Qi divides into Yin and Yang". In fact, it divides Qi into Yin and Yang to explain two different trends and functions of Qi, and then uses the movement of Yin and Yang to explain the ultimate causes and laws of the emergence and change of everything in the universe. Traditional Chinese medicine inherits this reasonable core in the process of scientific philosophy, thus explaining the law and process of human gasification. Broadly speaking, in a person's qi, Yang Qi, who has the functions of warming, rising, exciting and germinating, and Yin Qi, who has the functions of cooling, moistening, calming, restraining and calming, are opposites, mutual roots and mutual use, and mutual development. All levels of primordial qi, such as primordial qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi, defending qi and viscera qi, can be divided into yin and yang, and can also be combined, such as the coordination between Yuan Yin and Yuanyang, the rest path of the yang of ancestral qi upward, the storage of the abdomen of the yin of ancestral qi downward, and the adjustment of yin and yang of viscera. These qi, such as primordial qi and ancestral qi, nourishing qi and defending qi, dirty qi and fu qi, also constitute the resonance and balance of the relationship between Yin and Yang. The ups and downs of Yin and Yang produce people, a sympathetic atmosphere and a rubbing movement, which promotes, regulates and maintains people's life activities.
Similar to ancient philosophy, the greatest significance of the theory of "dividing qi into yin and yang" in traditional Chinese medicine lies in: on the basis of qi as the basis of human regulation, it further embodies the regulation of human qi, that is, how qi promotes, regulates and maintains the changes of human life activities, and what laws it follows; That is, the foundation of life is based on yin and yang, and the sum of yin and yang is based on yin and yang. The essence of dialectical thought of ancient philosophy, that is, the separation of qi into yin and yang and the biochemistry of everything between yin and yang, has been fully and reasonably inherited and applied in traditional Chinese medicine.
Therefore, Chinese medicine is one of the scientific products of ancient philosophy, and through its scientific philosophy, it constantly enriches and enriches the content of classical philosophy and promotes its development.
Fourthly, philosophy provides a logical category for natural science. Category is the overall reflection of human thinking on the essence of objective things. Each discipline has its own basic category. Logical category is an indispensable way of thinking to reflect the dialectical movement of the objective world, and it is a further generalization and synthesis of the basic categories of various sciences. The categories of logic and specific disciplines are general and individual. Logical category is general in category, which summarizes the similarity of all phenomena and processes in the field of thinking and reflects the most common relationship in the objective world.
Fifth, the view of nature provides an opportunity for the construction of scientific theory and can be used as the starting point for the emergence of scientific problems. The view of nature is the general view of nature. Is an inseparable part of the world outlook. Dialectical materialist view of nature and dialectical materialist view of history together constitute philosophy. In the process of scientific understanding, the formation of scientific theory is an exploration activity, which begins with raising scientific questions. Scientific problems are contradictions that need to be solved in scientific knowledge and scientific practice put forward by scientific cognition subjects in a certain era under the background of knowledge at that time. When the problem is determined, the solution goal is determined, and the solution scope and method are preset. Proper transformation of problems can often open up new ideas. Asking questions is the core of the formation of scientific understanding. Dialectical materialism holds that people constantly put forward and solve problems on the basis of practice, which also makes scientific understanding develop continuously. In scientific research, if there are no problems, science will stagnate. There is no contradiction between scientific understanding based on problems and "knowledge source and practice", they are unified in essence. Because the question is also put forward on the basis of practice, but the former highlights that the question is an important link in the development of cognition.
The main sources of scientific problems are the contradiction between scientific facts and existing theories, the inconsistency of theories themselves, the differences between different theories and the inability of existing production technologies to meet social needs. It has the characteristics of the times of knowledge background, the objectivity of the object of knowledge and the subjectivity of putting forward knowledge. Scientific questions must be put forward under the guidance of systematic view of nature and ecological view of nature, adhere to practical point of view, use the method of combining experience and reason, and profoundly clarify the essential characteristics, formation, test and development of scientific theory along the normative direction and empirical direction of scientific philosophy.
Sixth, the view of nature provides a general blueprint and philosophical background for the construction of scientific theory. This blueprint or core idea provides an important train of thought for the formation of scientific theory and has a key enlightenment. Looking at scientific theories, almost all scientific theories contain the background of natural view. The background of Galileo's kinematics theory and the law of free fall is that the whole nature is composed of a few basic types of physical entities, which interact according to a few fairly simple mathematical laws; The natural background of Newton's three laws of motion, the law of universal gravitation and many theorems of motion derived from them are: the universe is composed of particles, and the attraction and repulsion between particles interact through the change of distance; The background of Einstein's view of nature in relativistic physics is that nature consists of only one unified place. For another example, according to the scientific achievements of19th century, Sigus put forward the viewpoints that "life is the result of the whole nature" and "the source of life must be realized by chemical papers", which is actually a proposition of natural view. This proposition later provided an important train of thought for Soviet scientist Obalin's theory of creating the source of life. Inspired by Engels' view of nature, Obalin synthesized the achievements of astronomy, geology, chemistry and biology in the early 20th century, and put forward in detail three stages of the chemical evolution of the source of life, namely, from inorganic carbides to simple organic compounds and their derivatives. From simple organic matter to complex organic matter such as protein and nucleic acid; From protein and Nucleic Acid to Polymolecular System with Metabolic Function.
It can be seen that philosophy originated from the study of the origin of the universe and developed into the study of the relationship between man and animals and social and natural. The development of philosophy comes from natural science, which in turn serves philosophy. The development of natural science is inseparable from philosophy, philosophical methods and philosophical wisdom. People use philosophical logical thinking and dialectical methods to study and develop natural science.
Therefore, superior philosophical thinking will lead to a major breakthrough in natural science; The development of natural science is accompanied by the sublimation of philosophical thought. As a graduate student in the field of natural science, he should consciously study advanced philosophical thoughts, improve his philosophical literacy and make due contributions to the development of natural science. In addition, learning advanced philosophical thoughts is also helpful to establish a correct outlook on life and values, which is of great significance to improve one's own quality in all aspects.