Chen Pingyuan: Reading zz as a way of life, in my opinion, has its own special charm, which is worth enjoying again and again. In this sense, reading is both a means and an end. It's just that this kind of reading with both means and purpose is not available anytime and anywhere. In the postscript of Diary of the British Museum, I quoted the story of four princes who visited Diana Road at night in Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Ren Dan Pian. I really hope that "reading" can also reach this state: "I left on impulse and came back after excitement", so what is there to test? Why do you want a degree? Why do you have to write? Of course, such carefree and free "reading" is an ideal realm, which is difficult to realize in real life. But although I can't do it, I yearn for it. First, the definition of reading What is "reading", a verb or a noun, broad or narrow, reading that "everything is inferior, only reading is high", or reading that "learning well is better than growing well, growing well is better than marrying well"? It seems that talking about "reading" really needs to be defined first. Reading is a certain stage of life. Friends meet and say hello: "Are you still studying?" That means you are still enduring endless lectures, reviews and exams at school. However, if the idea of lifelong education is popular, you can answer frankly: it is never too old to learn, so it is not surprising that you still "carry that bag to school" at such a big age. "Reading" is a profession in society. What does it mean to study as a profession? That is to say, you are not good at making gun sticks, and you are not "who pried open the money first and was careless about how he left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago". In the past, they were called readers and scholars, but now they are professors, writers and researchers, and many people make a living by reading, writing, thinking and expressing. Reading is a certain moment in life. "What time is it, you still can't put it down?" During the Spring Festival holiday, you still indulge in books, don't go out for sightseeing, and don't go to karaoke bars and dance halls for fun. Reading is a state of mind. In the long history of China and foreign countries, many intellectuals stubbornly believe that reading is not only related to action, but also affects the spirit. The Commercial Press published The History of Reading by Canadian scholar Mann Gouel (2002), which began with a sentence by French writer Flaubert: "Reading is to live." So, aren't people who haven't read books or have already bid farewell to them walking dead? This is terrible. People in China are more moderate. Not studying will only laugh at your vulgarity, laziness and lack of progress. Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "If people don't need to water their chests for a long time, they will feel disgusting in the mirror and tasteless to people." The problem is that many people feel good about themselves and never feel sick in front of the mirror. This is a big trouble. All four definitions are meaningful, depending on the context and interest. It used to be said that "learning is the best way to be an official", but now it is "learning is the best way to be an official"-the latter "learning" is of course an act, and "officials ask big questions". The unique consumption of higher education in China makes people laugh and cry. If one day, even the janitor in the school has a doctorate, it will not be the pride of China people. Seeing many young people blindly "take exams", my heart is half cold. Of course, I know they are forced to find jobs. It is easy for you to understand that many doctoral students with poor experience will never get close to books once they leave school. They also call it "practice makes true knowledge". Considering this, I especially appreciate those who study for their own interests rather than diplomas. Teaching at Peking University naturally favors your students; But I dare not despise those "bystanders" of unknown origin. I always turn a blind eye. As long as the normal teaching order is not affected and there are seats in the classroom, you can sit down and listen. This kind of accommodation, which does not conform to the school rules, is actually more suitable for Confucius' idea of "teaching without distinction". You have to study to get a degree, but studying does not mean getting a degree. Distance exceeds 108000 miles. 19 17, Cai Yuanpei went to Peking University to be the principal. When he made his opening speech, he specifically talked about this issue, hoping that the students would focus on learning and not regard the university as a diploma seller (as a speech by the president of Peking University). At the beginning of the second year, Mr. Cai once again stressed: "Universities are purely institutions that study knowledge and cannot be used as places to cultivate qualifications or sell knowledge." (Opening Speech of Peking University in 19 18) Looking back on the ten years of Peking University in the future, Teacher Cai is proud that she has changed the imagination of China people about universities (see my educational experience and my own chronicle). Now it seems that Mr. Cai is still too optimistic. Students who become "places to sell knowledge" and regard universities as "places to cultivate qualifications" are everywhere in China today. The general feeling is that "doctors" are very popular in China today, but "scholars" are very lonely. The so-called "never put down the book" has become very outdated. As for your saying that reading can be "refined", there are not a few people; Not only do I not taboo "vulgarity", but I also regard vulgarity as elegance, even "who am I afraid of if I am a rogue". Second, the cost of reading is now popular as "economic imperialism", which means that economists are too confident in their knowledge, not only talking about the economy, but also talking about politics, culture, morality and aesthetics. It seems that economic theory can solve all problems. Therefore, it has become the biggest fashion to talk about opportunities, efficiency and cost accounting. When you say "reading", well, first calculate the input-output ratio and see if it is worth it. I understand that when students choose a major, besides their personal interests, there are also cost considerations. That's not what I'm talking about, but "reading" as a way of life and mental state. There is a subtle relationship between "book" as a material form and "reading" as a social behavior, which deserves careful cross-checking. The "reading cost" discussed here has parody elements, which can make you laugh. That is a case-solving in the history of modern literature. Of all the poems that students are advised to learn, the most interesting is a sentence in Saturday: "It is happiness to buy laughter and spend money, get drunk and interfere with your health, and not scrimp on reading novels." In other words, reading is good, but it is cheap and hygienic. "If you edit it in your hand, you will forget all your troubles. After a hard week, it is also a pleasure to relax on this day! " (Wang Dungen) "The more you talk about Saturday, the more ridiculous it is. You even put an advertisement in the newspaper:" I would rather not marry my little grandmother than watch Saturday. " This angered the new writer. Ye Shengtao wrote "Insulting People" and said: "This is really an insult, a universal insult. They insult themselves, literature and others! "I would rather not marry a little wife, of course, it is a gimmick, which is not desirable; It can also be told the truth: with the development of publishing and printing industry, the price of books has dropped, and ordinary people can afford books and periodicals, so reading has become a kind of inexpensive consumption. At least compared with other more fashionable cultural entertainment in big cities, this is the case. I'm not talking about bad behaviors such as gambling, taking drugs or visiting brothels. Compared with watching movies, operas, ballets and symphonies, reading is the cheapest-although the price of books is getting more and more expensive. Now, college students can surf the Internet for free on campus. There are so many famous works of literature, history and philosophy on the Internet that you can read or even download them for free. At least you have a higher education. What do you do after work? Can't go shopping? Listening to the grand opera and watching the ballet are elegant, but they are too expensive and can only be done occasionally. So going to the bookstore, entering the library and reading books online have become daily homework. But the problem is coming again. Reading takes time. More than ten years ago, I traveled to Hong Kong and chatted with professors there, saying that you took so much money and didn't have much knowledge, which was really admirable. People say you are a layman, because you have a lot of money, you have to spend money, and you have no time to study. It makes sense to think about it. Everyone says that college students in grades 7, 7 and 8 study hard. The reason why they have no distractions and devote themselves to their studies is to recover the lost time. At that time, the temptation was less. Unlike children today, it's hard to resist. My experience is that children from poor families love reading, half of them are born with a strong desire to change their destiny; Half of them are helpless, because they are too fashionable and elegant for entertainment. However, it doesn't matter, this choice is sometimes limited, because everything has a good side. Reading, as a way of life, requires less financial resources, but has a higher mood and interest.

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