With the regional imbalance of economic and social development, college students' employment gradually presents the employment mentality of "being superior to others" and the employment orientation of "driving the east and avoiding the west", which leads to the increasingly serious unemployment and related social problems. The improvement of college students' employment problem is not only closely related to the improvement of China's economic growth level, the improvement of economic system reform and the coordinated development of regional economy, but also depends on the change of college graduates' personal employment concept. (Pan Guohui)

With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for accounting professionals in the talent market has been on the rise. The supply and demand of accounting professionals are booming, and graduates have a wide range of employment and good prospects. The salary of junior staff is generally around 1, 200 yuan, and that of college graduates is basically around 1, 000 yuan.

Due to the impact of the economic crisis, it is difficult for enterprises to sell, the capital turnover is not smooth, and a large number of enterprises stop production, thus further increasing the number of unemployed people and reducing the income expectation of employees. As a result, enterprises have shrunk dramatically, and the demand for college graduates has also dropped sharply. Every year from June 165438+ 10, the employment of college graduates has entered a critical period. Affected by this year's financial crisis, the employment prospects of college graduates in 2009 have become confusing. In the third quarter, compared with the same period of last year, the demand for employment in enterprises decreased, and students majoring in finance and economics, especially international economy and trade and business administration, were greatly affected by the financial crisis. In 2009, the employment rate of accounting major dropped significantly compared with last year, which shows the urgency of accounting employment! The salary of accountants has dropped to the bottom of the lake, basically around 800 yuan, and there is great competition.

The economy hit by the financial crisis has gradually recovered. At this time, the economy will grow, all kinds of enterprises will slowly enter the track, and new enterprises will emerge constantly. At this time, the demand for talents in enterprises will soar and the employment situation will be alleviated. Accounting profession is needed by every enterprise. With the recovery and growth of enterprises, I believe that the accounting employment situation will improve.

Employment situation of contemporary college students;

According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, there will be 665,438+million college graduates nationwide in 2009, and with the 1 10,000 unemployed graduates who graduated last year, a total of about 7 1 10,000 people will need employment. By the end of May, the employment rate of college graduates nationwide was 45%, down by three percentage points compared with the same period of last year, and the employment situation of college students was very grim. The 2009 employment tracking survey jointly released by Max and Tencent in July 1 shows that by the end of June, the signing rate of ordinary undergraduate graduates was 40%, and that of higher vocational graduates was 33%, both of which were significantly lower than the same period last year. On June 10, China University Students 2009 was officially released.

The report's survey on the employment flow of college graduates shows that the employment rate of college graduates after six months in 2008 is about 86%, which is 2 percentage points lower than that of college graduates after six months in 2007. Higher vocational colleges remained the same as last year, at 84%.

According to the employment report, the highest employment rate of undergraduate graduates in 2008 after half a year is engineering and management, and the worst is law and philosophy. The highest employment rate in higher vocational colleges is resource development and surveying and mapping, and the worst is tourism and cultural management.

At present, there are 107500 unemployed undergraduates who graduated in 2008 for half a year, accounting for 35.9% of the unemployed undergraduates. Among them, eight majors also had the largest number of unemployed graduates in 2007: law, computer science and technology, English, international economy and trade, business administration, Chinese language and literature, electronic information engineering and accounting.

For the graduates of higher vocational colleges with the same employment rate, there are also problems in the setting of disciplines and majors. According to the employment report, the ten majors with the largest number of unemployed people after graduation for half a year account for 34.2% of the total unemployed people. Among them, seven majors had the largest number of unemployed graduates in 2007: computer application technology, mechatronics technology, e-commerce, computerized accounting, logistics management, computer network technology and business English.

For college students' employment, the most critical factor is "structural". These factors include short-term oversupply, regional preference and lack of employability, among which solving the problem of insufficient employability will be the basis for effectively solving the employment of college students.

From the perspective of time structure, the oversupply growth of college graduates exceeds the demand growth in a short time, and the labor market needs time to adjust gradually. In recent years, China's rapid economic growth, especially the accelerated upgrading of economic structure, has driven a strong demand for college graduates with high human capital stock, thus promoting the rapid development of higher education. In China, only 5% of the employed people have received various university education, while in industrialized countries, the proportion is 25%-30%. Therefore, the need to speed up the improvement of national quality has greatly promoted the rapid development of higher education. The problem is that the supply of college graduates is growing much faster than the economic growth, and more and more college students are looking for jobs. It will take some time for the labor market to gradually digest the oversupply of college graduates in the short term.

In terms of regional structure, the preference difference of employment regional choice of college graduates does not match the government's policy incentives, resulting in insufficient actual effective demand. Due to the regional and urban-rural differences in China's economic development, it is difficult for economically underdeveloped areas, especially the western region, to form an effective demand for college students, and it will be difficult to change the situation of insufficient regional effective demand for a long time, which is an unfavorable factor for expanding the market demand for college graduates.

College graduates themselves also have many problems: First, the problem of honesty. Many graduates find that having a certain certificate, diploma and resume when applying for a job can bring convenience to finding a job. Some college students strive to obtain relevant certificates during their college years, while those who don't work hard cheat the initial trust of enterprises by opportunistic or fraudulent means, which will do some damage to the overall image of college graduates. Second, the overall quality of college students has a downward trend. Due to the enrollment expansion of public colleges and universities in recent years, coupled with the rapid increase of private colleges and universities, the enrollment scale has been expanding and the enrollment scores have been decreasing. In addition, many college students are not serious about their studies, have poor practical ability and lack of practical experience, and their overall quality has a downward trend. Third, college students' own positioning is biased. Everyone wants to find a unit with high income and good treatment. Due to the unbalanced economic development in various regions of China, there is a big gap between the eastern and western regions, coastal areas and the mainland. When college graduates choose employment areas, they are excessively concentrated in hot spots such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, which causes obvious increase in employment pressure in these areas. At the same time, college students' psychological orientation of "neither high nor low" seriously affects employment. According to Zhongxin. com. Com (July 23, 2004), the second quarter com(2004 is the most difficult time for undergraduates to find jobs. The number of applicants with junior high school education or below, senior high school education, junior college education, undergraduate education, master education or above is 0.96, 0.92, 0.9 1, 0.87, 1.42 respectively. That is, 100 junior high school students compete for 96 jobs, while 100 undergraduate students only compete for 87 jobs. A very important reason for the difficulty of employment in this science is the psychological state of "undergraduates are too high and too low at present". Fourth, the way to find a job is not accurate. Many college students spread their nets by participating in various talent exchange meetings, or hope to win a "golden rice bowl" through acquaintances who are not good at "selling" themselves and have no practical advantage for themselves, so as to improve the employment rate by paying attention to understanding the actual needs of employers.

The employment situation of college graduates has the following characteristics:

1. The gap between jobs and graduates is too large.

As we all know, the purpose of graduating from college is to find a good job, but why does the employment problem of college students always bother everyone? From an economic point of view, there is an oversupply. The number of college students who graduate every year far exceeds the needs of society. Moreover, this gap is still increasing year by year. Relevant data show that from 200 1 to 2006, the number of college graduates in China increased from 1 14000 to 4 13000, which is four times before the enrollment expansion. However, the increase in employment is far less than this. This is also a direct reason why it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs. I believe this is also recognized by the society.

2. There is a surplus of hot professionals.

A few years ago, several popular majors appeared, such as computer, civil engineering and so on. Undeniably, these majors are still popular and still the focus of social attention. As a result, many candidates have applied for these majors. Most people think so: since it is a popular major and there is a great social demand, it is naturally easy to find a job. That's true, but when everyone thinks so, there will be oversupply. Although the demand is large, there are more talents studying these aspects, which has exceeded saturation. This is what people usually call clustering. This is also an important reason why graduates of popular majors can't find jobs.

3. The salary doesn't accord with one's hope.

Many college graduates, especially those from famous schools, just after graduation and entering the society, think they are superior to others, hoping that their wages will be higher than the social reality. This has dispelled the relatively low salary of some enterprises. Actually, it's like a soldier in a war. Generals who can lead troops to win battles may not have received any good education, but through practice, they can lead troops to a beautiful stop; And those generals who learned from school may not have that ability. Because they only look at the war through theory, rarely put it into practice, just on paper. When they really want to go to war, some things are different from talking on paper. Therefore, even students who graduated from prestigious schools can't be self-righteous, and some things are not as imagined. Therefore, you can't expect too much. At present, the salary expectations of college students are generally declining, and some even reach only 800 yuan, but this is only a small part after all, and the expectations of most graduates are still higher than the social reality level. This is what people often say: "High is low." Low is not enough in the book.

4. It is very important for all enterprises to choose candidates.

While it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs, it is also common for employers to find materials. Although many enterprises know that the backbone and backbone of their own companies are college students, the development of enterprises can not be separated from college students, but basically do not want fresh college students every year. This will be a problem worthy of consideration for fresh college students, and enterprises will not refuse fresh graduates for no reason.

Reasons for the difficulty of college graduates' employment

1. Social competition is fierce.

China is the most populous country in the world, with a population of1.300 million, which is unimaginable. Therefore, there is no guarantee that everyone will have their own jobs and posts. In other words, the ability of society to absorb college graduates is gradually decreasing. However, the number of college graduates is gradually increasing, and the increasing trend is far greater than the decreasing trend. With the reform of government institutions and the diversion of personnel, state-owned enterprises have deepened system reform and simplified administrative management. Although the number of private enterprises has been increasing, there are few jobs, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem. In addition, with the continuous expansion of enrollment scale, colleges and universities are expanding enrollment every year, and the number of graduates is more than one year, which causes the contradiction between the overall demand for graduates and the actual number of graduates, and the competition for graduates to find jobs and choose jobs is intensified. In another two or three years, the number of our graduates will increase exponentially, plus the unemployed graduates who have not been employed in previous years, which will be a huge data and will bring a severe test to employment.

2. Cluster phenomenon

The phenomenon of professional clusters has been told to you above. Let's talk about employment unit clusters and regional clusters first. Most graduates regard foreign companies with high salaries as their first choice for employment. According to relevant data, the proportion of foreign companies as the first choice for employment among graduates in 2006 is as high as 29.85%, which is close to one third. In fact, foreign companies are not the most important force to accommodate college graduates. In addition, 15.2% of college graduates regard government agencies as their first choice for employment, which makes more and more people apply for civil servants, and the "civil servant fever" continues to heat up. Because Beijing, Shanghai and other regions are relatively developed, people usually think that there will be many employment opportunities there. Therefore, a considerable number of graduate employment areas first choose such areas, thus forming a regional agglomeration phenomenon. Relatively underdeveloped areas, such as northwest China and Tibet, are not so popular. In fact, these underdeveloped areas need talents most to build and develop.

3. Other reasons

In addition to the above two reasons, there are many factors that affect the employment of college students, such as gender. Relevant data show that the employment rate of female graduates is 6.4% lower than that of male graduates. Also, the urban-rural differences. It is reported that the employment rate of rural graduates is lower than that of urban graduates 10.09%.

Employers demand improvement:

1. Requirements: 9% for graduate students, 47% for undergraduate students, and 43% for junior college or below.

2. Job hunting: 6% for graduate students, 44% for undergraduate students, and 50% for junior college or below.

3. Job demand ratio: graduate student1.5:1; College and below 2.6: 1

The employment direction and problems of accounting graduates;

Generally speaking, the employment direction of accounting graduates is the financial departments of various enterprises, national finance, tax departments, accountants, auditors, asset appraisal firms and so on. However, the demand of government departments for fresh graduates is limited every year, so the main employment path of accounting graduates is still enterprises. For example, major in science or engineering. Accounting is very professional, and it is unlikely to be "run" by other majors like secretarial and other pure liberal arts majors. Then, what are the reasons why accounting graduates also have to face the problem of difficult employment?

First of all, many enterprises are unwilling to accept fresh graduates, which is more obvious in the recruitment of accounting majors. The bottom line of recruitment in many units is junior accounting. Even if the employer hires you, you need to study further and accept the observation of the enterprise. They couldn't be accountants in the first place. Many people start from the very beginning as cashiers, with a low starting point and low salary. Secondly, like other majors, employment difficulty is the inevitable result of university enrollment expansion. According to relevant surveys, computer, secretarial science, accounting and other majors are in short supply. Even so, the supply of the talent market is still far greater than the demand. Therefore, except for a few majors, employment difficulties are the same problem faced by most college students now, not whether a major is unique. Third, compared with foreign enterprises, China's financial sector is not in a very high position in enterprises. In foreign countries, the company's chief financial officer is called CFO, which plays an important role in decision-making just like CEO. In China, except for some large enterprises with complete financial institutions, the financial departments of some small-scale enterprises have only one or two cashiers and accountants. Some small companies don't even have full-time accountants, and managers and accountants work together. This is mainly because many enterprises do not realize the importance of the accounting department in the company's operation, and think that the financial personnel only collect money to manage the money. Backward ideas also have a certain impact on the employment of financial graduates.

Because there are many reasons for the employment problem of college students, it is a systematic project to effectively solve the employment problem of college students, which requires the joint efforts of employers, college students, universities and society. However, in the final analysis, college students themselves are the main reason. Therefore, I think that we contemporary college students need to do the following work:

First, strive to improve their overall quality, including quality and ability. Contemporary college students must have the character of integrating their career with national progress, social development and human civilization, advocating truth, goodness and beauty, adhering to the truth, having a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, having good professional ethics, and establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. College students should strive for extensive knowledge, reasonable knowledge structure, scientific and cultural literacy, innovative spirit and random and flexible way of thinking, so that it varies from person to person, from time to time and from thing to thing. Have a good psychological quality, face more intense social competition, can take change as an opportunity, take difficulties as a smooth road, have tenacious self-control, firm belief, and be full of expectations and enthusiasm for life. At the same time, we should have good physical fitness. Poor health will weaken the decision-making ability of talents, because if physical strength and endurance are needed to achieve the goal, a person may give up because of physical exhaustion. In addition to quality, we also need to pay attention to the cultivation of ability, which is the external expression of a person's quality and a part that plays a direct role in society. Nowadays, college students in society must cultivate themselves as much as possible, such as the ability to deal with information, interpersonal skills, systematic handling of things, good human and resource skills, and the ability to use technology.

Second, strengthen social practice. College students can actively participate in social practice during holidays, combine theoretical knowledge with practical work, improve their ability to deal with practical problems and accumulate work experience.

Third, the correct employment orientation. At present, college students should face the reality, update their ideas and change their thinking according to the actual market situation, and work in the position that suits them best, instead of paying too much attention to salary level and geographical location. Only in this way can they give full play to their intelligence and finally realize the value of life.

Fourth, seize employment opportunities through various channels. At present, college students can find suitable jobs through talent exchange and network resources, actively and boldly exert their true talents and practical knowledge, and cherish and seize hard-won employment opportunities.

Fifth, get employment before choosing a job. Facing the severe employment situation, college students should change their employment concept if they have to, that is, find a job first and then choose a job. They can't pursue it step by step as they used to. If they haggle over whether their current professional posts are ideal or not, they will lose many opportunities to start. They can accumulate work experience in the previous employment process, greatly improve their self-worth and lay the foundation for finding an ideal job in the future.

Although the current employment situation is generally not optimistic, we should be full of confidence in ourselves. After all, there are differences among individuals in employment. At the same time, it is absolutely no problem to improve their comprehensive quality and find a good job by themselves.

College students must recognize and accept this fact in employment, and don't be so fat that they can't lose weight, so as not to fall into an embarrassing situation of being too high and too low. Because an accountant in a regular unit has to deal with all departments in the unit, good learning ability and adaptability determine whether you can adapt to work quickly.

Contemporary college students are lucky because they are faced with a once-in-a-century opportunity. China will become a rich and powerful world power in their generation, so they have a wider world to display their ambitions. But at the same time of historical opportunities, contemporary college students are also facing unprecedented challenges; Every college student will face the competitive pressure brought by the faster and faster social development. Competition promotes social development and shows the vitality of society; Competition is survival of the fittest.

In the face of this highly competitive society, we must change with constancy. Opportunity only favors those who are prepared. As long as we are fully prepared, we can solve all the difficulties.