Paper Keywords: pre-Qin Confucian filial piety dialectical analysis of modern values
Abstract: Is filial piety respected by pre-Qin Confucianism? The first virtue? It is the cornerstone of pre-Qin Confucian humanistic ethics. This paper first expounds the emergence and development of filial piety thought of Confucianism in pre-Qin dynasty, and then makes a dialectical analysis of filial piety thought, pointing out that filial piety has advantages and disadvantages. Half-breed? That is to say, it has its reasonable factors to adapt to the development of the times and its limitations to hinder social development. Finally, it is pointed out that it is still of great significance to carry forward the filial piety thought of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period.
The pre-Qin Confucianism created the traditional culture of our country, and the concept of filial piety constructed by the pre-Qin Confucianism represented by Confucius is the core concept of this traditional culture and the cornerstone of Confucian humanistic theory. Paying attention to filial piety is a long-standing moral tradition of the Chinese nation, and it is also the foundation of China people's personal morality. It not only had a wide ideological influence on the ancient society and people in China, but also had an important influence on China today.
First, the pre-Qin Confucian filial piety thought and its development.
In China society, from primitive society to feudal society, the political and ethical relations between people are all linked by the blood relationship of clan and family. Therefore, one of the characteristics of China culture is its strong patriarchal nature. Generally speaking, people of the same blood need mutual care and help for the stability and prosperity of this clan. Parents have the responsibility to raise and educate their children, and children should respect and support their parents. In this way, there is filial piety of the same blood.
? Filial piety? It didn't exist at the beginning of human society, but it didn't come into being until the appearance of private property. Monogamy made the relationship between father and son reliable, and led to the recognition and determination of children's exclusive rights to the property of their deceased father. ? Filial piety? As a moral standard, children are required to support, respect and obey. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the establishment of patriarchal clan system, filial piety? With what? Filial piety? Patriarchal ethics was finally established and perfected. Since the Zhou Dynasty established a complete patriarchal system of enfeoffment, a system based on? Li Di? Patriarchal hierarchy centered on the traditional hereditary system of the throne, filial piety? The concept and function of ""have been further sublimated and combined with politics to become the code of conduct for adjusting and maintaining political relations. ? Have filial piety and virtue? It became the Western Zhou Dynasty? Moral plan? . Zhou dynasty? Filial piety? There are two meanings: one is to support and respect parents; Second, ancestor worship. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, scholars flourished, right? Filial piety? Have a deeper insight. Confucius inherited the Western Zhou Dynasty? Filial piety? Concept, and systematize it, and determine it as a universal ethical model.
In The Analects of Confucius? Learning and ",? Filial piety? Be treated as? Ren? The foundation of. ? Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence. ,? The apprentice is filial, and he is also filial when he leaves. They are sincere and believe that they love the public and are kind. . Confucius thinks? Filial piety? It is not only reflected in the parents' life, but the most difficult thing is to stick to the end. ? Parents don't, respect their bodies and show their parents' notoriety. Does that mean they can end it? . Mencius further elaborated and developed filial piety, thinking? There are five so-called unfilial people in the secular world: lazy limbs, ignoring parents' support and unfilial; Bo also drinks well, regardless of his parents' support, and he is unfilial; Good wealth, private wife regardless of parental support, three unfilial; From the desire for eyes and ears, I thought that my parents were killed and four were unfilial; Brave and heartless, endangering parents, unfilial? ("Mencius? Li Lou "). At the end of the Warring States period, Mohism believed that loving relatives and benefiting relatives was filial piety, and filial piety did not need to be repaid. Besides, everything is done by Han Feizi and Lv Chunqiu. Filial piety? The Book of Filial Piety was also produced during the Warring States Period. These documents show that the framework of filial piety was completed in the pre-Qin period. The Book of Filial Piety combines filial piety with political means of governing the country, which meets the needs of rulers and is highly valued by rulers. Filial piety has become one of the most influential and characteristic moral norms in China traditional society.
Second, pre-Qin Confucianism? Filial piety? Dialectical analysis of
The pre-Qin Confucian filial piety thought has its rich connotation, and it has become a code of conduct to guide the family life of our people for thousands of years. The pre-Qin Confucian filial piety has its reasonable and unreasonable factors, which we should analyze dialectically. There are three main factors worthy of recognition and promotion.
1. Support parents. The regulation of supporting parents shows that children should fulfill their moral obligations to their parents under the condition that the family is the basic unit of society. This moral obligation is the need of human reproduction and the requirement of the development of the natural law of life. Parents have the obligation to support their children when they have no ability to live independently; When parents are old and weak and lose their ability to work, their children should do their duty to support and assist. The provision of supporting parents in traditional filial piety conforms to the requirements of the sustainable development of human society and embodies the natural law of life from childhood to old age. It is positive and reasonable and should be carried forward.
2. Love your relatives and respect them. Everyone is born without the care of their parents and relatives. In this intimate parenting relationship, love and respect for parents and relatives will inevitably form naturally. But this feeling has been scared for a long time, and it has been discarded because of various interferences. Therefore, Confucianism advocates filial piety as a cultural and moral norm to safeguard this beautiful feeling of human beings. Parents are the reason for their own life, and also the most natural and intimate interpersonal relationship among all interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is hard to imagine how a person can love others, society, country and nation, or even love or disrespect his parents who gave him life or those who raised him. How can we have a sound personality structure and good quality? Therefore, loving and respecting parents can be said to be the eternal values of human beings.
3. Respect the elderly. Confucianism not only limits filial piety to the relationship between father and son, but also demands respect for all the elders in the family. According to? I'm old, and I'm old? Their idea is to respect family elders, and then spread them to all elders in society, requiring people not only to honor their parents, but also to love other people's parents with the same feelings. Respecting the elderly is indeed a unique tradition of the Chinese nation. It accumulates in the psychological structure and subconscious of China people in the form of words and epigrams, which is also an important feature of our China culture.
On the other hand, the pre-Qin Confucian filial piety also has its unreasonable factors. Filial piety? As the foundation of benevolence, let go? Filial piety? As? The first virtue? , manufacturing? Filial piety? This ethical category has been strengthened in the feudal society of China, with great influence and obvious negative effects.
1.？ No violations? Filial piety Family ethics shows a strong color of feudal autocracy, and the inequality of rights and obligations between father and son leads to the authoritative personality tendency of traditional filial piety. Father and son are filial? , but always talk? Filial piety? There are many occasions, talking? Father is kind? There are few places. ? Filial piety? Ask your son to do his duty to his parents, do you? Can parents do their best? Obey your parents unconditionally and absolutely, and you will be in the three years after your father died. In three years? Father's way hasn't changed? This thought shows a strong patriarchal consciousness in feudal society, and there is an obvious subordinate relationship between father and son in personality. This? No violations? Filial piety is based on unconditional obedience. Such filial piety is positive in maintaining the family system, but it is not easy to cultivate an independent personality.
2.？ Unity of loyalty and filial piety? The concept of filial piety has become the basic moral force of feudal autocratic rule. ? Filial piety? This is a moral code in the family, which was not directly related to loyalty to the monarch at first. In feudal society, the landlord class organized society in the form of patriarchal clan system and established a feudal family world based on the absolute authority of the emperor. In this feudal hierarchical society, the father is the head of the family and the emperor is the respect of a country. Absolute filial piety to feudal parents, extended to the country, is absolute loyalty to the monarch. In this way, filial piety and loyalty are closely linked. Thinkers of the landlord class also strongly advocate it? Loyalty, filial piety and loyalty? He also pointed out that filial piety is the premise of loyalty and loyalty is the result of filial piety. In order to be loyal, we should talk about filial piety, and when loyalty and filial piety are not satisfactory, we should ask people? Give up filial piety and be faithful? . In contemporary democratic society, feudal imperial rule no longer exists, but filial piety has the characteristics of serving autocratic rule, and history should be sober and rational to prevent its pernicious influence. There are some ideas, such as? Father is a son, and son is a father? 、? There are three kinds of unfilial, and no queen is the biggest? Wait, these feudal dross, whether at that time or later, should be criticized and denied
Third, the modern significance of pre-Qin Confucian filial piety
Filial piety, as a kind of family ethics, has the function and function of maintaining family stability. People use filial piety to regulate family relations, making it rooted in the family, popular in society, and becoming a moral code and code of conduct that people abide by. In ancient times, the Chinese nation had a good atmosphere of respecting and filial piety for the elderly. Today, with the development of socialist market economy, it is still of great practical significance to carry forward the tradition of filial piety for the aged.
(1) Carrying forward filial piety is an important guarantee to solve the problem of providing for the aged.
China is the country with the largest number of IZl in the world, and it is also one of the countries with the largest absolute number of elderly people and the fastest aging rate. Faced with this situation, how to arrange and solve the problem of providing for hundreds of millions of elderly people will be one of the major strategic tasks of China in the 2 1 century. In fact, family pension is by far the oldest, most basic and most vital way of providing for the aged, and the ideological basis on which family pension depends is the traditional filial piety culture. The norm of supporting the elderly and respecting the elderly in the traditional filial piety culture is a major feature of China culture, which is the traditional ethics? Filial piety? It has become the norm and the highest criterion to deal with parent-child relationship, and it has become a cultural value mechanism to support the family's pension function.
However, with the development of reform and opening-up, the old-age care function of traditional families is weakening day by day, which is highlighted by the fact that the younger generation does not care for the elderly and does not respect the elderly. Some children only care about the interests of themselves and their small families, refuse to support or even abuse their parents, forcing some elderly people and their children to go to court, and family support disputes are increasing, and some even develop into criminal cases. To solve these problems, in addition to actively seeking social measures, it is more important to call people's true feelings and conscience. Therefore, we should carry forward our traditional filial piety culture and actively advocate the traditional virtues of respecting, respecting and helping the elderly. It has very important practical significance.
(2) Carrying forward the filial piety thought is helpful to solve the current family intergenerational contradictions.
Filial piety, its basic meaning is the' moral standard' between parents and children. The concept of filial piety was originally based on maintaining people's family life, and it appeared in the form of family ethics. From the perspective of modern families, the family structure and parent-child relationship have changed greatly compared with those in ancient times, but the organizational form of the family still exists, the family is still the basic unit of society, and the relationship between the elders and the younger generation in the family still needs to be adjusted, so filial piety still has its practical significance and natural foundation.
From a realistic point of view, the concept of respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly and supporting the elderly is weakening, and the concept of personal interests is gradually strengthening. Many young people lose their ethical awareness, fail to honor and support their parents, and ignore the rights and interests of the elderly. Many elderly people not only fail to get the necessary respect and understanding from their children, but even their legitimate rights and interests are violated by their children. Some elderly people who live with their children bear heavy housework. They are not taken care of in life and lack emotional care. Many old people feel lonely and desperate. The above unfilial phenomenon reflects the dilemma of intergenerational relations in many families in real life, indicating that many families have not really established the concept of respecting the elderly and the sense of responsibility for supporting the elderly. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry forward the traditional concept of respecting the elderly and filial piety. It can not only safeguard and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly, but also be necessary to maintain family harmony and stability and build a harmonious and equal modern parent-child relationship.
(3) Promoting filial piety is the starting point to improve the moral quality of contemporary people.
? Filial piety? It is affection, endless love and the foundation of personal morality. Daoyou Xiao Sheng? Filial piety, right? The foundation of virtue? , is it? Human foundation? 、? The foundation of interpersonal relationship? . Pre-Qin Confucianism emphasized? Zhu Dexiao first? It is believed that filial piety is the source and foundation of all good deeds, and the pursuit of filial piety is the starting point of pursuing all kinds of virtues. Many virtues in the world are based on? Filial piety? From the foundation. Filial piety stems from parents' selfless love for their children. At the beginning of life, we must first perceive the love of our parents and face the relationship between family members. Therefore, love for people must first be imposed on family members. This is what Lutz advocates? Filial piety? By the way. Disciple, people are filial, and leaving is filial. . Children first feel the love of the world from their parents, and this love will inevitably cultivate their love for their parents. Therefore, it is natural and reasonable to give love and respect from the beginning. Those opinions that strengthen filial piety education from family morality, make children love their parents and families, and gradually develop into loving schools, hometown and motherland are in line with the law of moral education, the starting point of cultivating personal moral quality, the starting point of improving contemporary people's moral quality, and the inherent requirement of contemporary spiritual civilization construction. When vigorously promoting traditional culture and carrying out moral education for children, we should pay attention to cultivating their filial piety, so that they can have love from an early age and form a sense of social responsibility. Four new people? It means a lot.
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