"Bi" and "Xing" are commonly used words in China's ancient poems. In addition to poetry, modern prose and novels also use figurative techniques. The so-called "comparison", according to Zhu's explanation, is actually a metaphor. It makes things vivid and concrete by comparing with what is to be written. The so-called "xing" means "xing"
The so-called Fu, Bi and Xing are the main expressions in The Book of Songs. "Fu" means laying out details and stating things directly, without metaphor. "Bi" means metaphor, comparing things with other things. "Xing" means association, touching the scene and arousing things. This artistic expression is the main visualization method in poetry creation, which is of great significance to later generations.
The so-called analogy is a form of reasoning that infers that two objects may be the same or similar in other properties from some identical or similar properties of two objects. Analogy is a subjective and inadequate specious reasoning. Therefore, to confirm the correctness of his conjecture, it is necessary to go through strict logical argumentation. Literary sketch
It is one of the descriptive techniques in literary creation, and it is also a traditional descriptive technique loved by the broad masses of people in China literature. Use the simplest and most economical words to outline the mental outlook of the characters with thick lines. Writers are required to accurately grasp the most important personality characteristics of characters, without exaggeration or extravagance, but to touch them with vivid pens. Lu Xun's novels are typical line drawing works. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret in line drawing. If there is, it is only the opposite of the smoke screen method: sincerity, whitewashing, less posturing, and no showing off. " (The Secret of Composition) Lu Xun deserves to be a master of sketch, and his works are also masterpieces of sketch. He said in the article "How do I start a novel": "I try to avoid nagging in writing. As long as I feel that I can convey my meaning to others, I would rather have no foil." There are only a few main people (but there are many backgrounds in colored paper now). I am convinced that this method is suitable for my purpose, so I will not describe romance, and the dialogue will never speak a long article. "This is his experience in successfully using line drawing techniques in novel creation.
When drawing things with simple strokes, the author is required to make a true sketch of the characteristics and features of the things described. For example, in Du Xuan's Notes on Jinggangshan, there is a section describing the "Octagonal Building" of Mao Ping in Jinggangshan. Without any description, the author wrote the simple furnishings in the room in plain language, and emphatically introduced the origin of the name "octagonal building": "The room is not well lit. An octagonal light bucket was opened, so everyone called this building' octagonal building'. " When using line drawing technique, the author is required to draw thick lines with simple strokes to form a vivid picture. For example, Song Sushi's "Drunk Book of Looking at the Lake Building on June 27" (I): "Dark clouds turn over the ink and fail to cover the mountain, while white rain jumps over the boat. The wind comes and goes, and the water looks down on the lake like water.
The traditional festival Mid-Autumn Festival originated from a very old legend. In ancient times, there was a man named Hou Yi. One day, he accidentally got a medicine that people could fly to heaven. He gave the medicine to his wife Chang 'e for safekeeping. A day later, Yi went out, leaving his wife alone at home. His brother came to Chang 'e and forced her to hand it over. Chang 'e refused, so he swallowed the medicine in one breath. He only felt that his light feet left the ground and flew out of the window, thus drifting all the way to the moon. Hou Yi misses his wife very much. On August 15 every year, he would make moon cakes that Chang 'e loved and put them on the table to wait for Chang 'e. In this way, the special day of August 15 was handed down year after year.
Although it is only a legend, it also shows that our Mid-Autumn Festival has been circulating for a long time.
Mid-Autumn Festival is a day of reunion, and it is also a time when we can feel the warmth of home. All this brings us too much warmth, and I am glad that I have the care of my parents. Think about how many people have been wandering outside. On this beautiful reunion night, I can only helplessly miss my relatives far away from home.
3. The component of metaphor is metaphor, and prosperity is sustenance.
Zheng Xuan said: "Comparison" means "seeing the loss of today, not daring to criticize, speaking by analogy". "Xing" is to see the beauty of today, not to flatter it. Persuade them with kindness "(see" Zhou Li Chunguan Zongbo Master's Notes ").
Explain the relationship between Bi Xing and Mei Ci. In ancient times, the more prosperous methods were mostly used in old-style poems and folk songs, but rarely used or not used in general literary works.
"Bi" and "Xing" are commonly used in China's ancient poems. In addition to poetry, modern prose, novels and so on. Metaphor is also commonly used.
The so-called "comparison", according to Zhu's explanation, is "comparing one thing with another", which is actually a metaphor. It makes it vivid, vivid and concrete by comparing colorful things with things to be written.
The so-called "xing" means "saying something else first so that the words can be sung". Poetic imagery thinking can not be separated from two methods of comparison and xing.
Therefore, Bixing constitutes two techniques of poetry. The so-called fu, bi and xing are the main manifestations in the Book of Songs.
"Fu" means to elaborate and state things directly, without metaphor. "Comparison" is a metaphor, comparing one thing with another.
"Xing" means association, touching the scene and being excited by things. This artistic expression is the main visualization method of poetry creation, which has a profound and far-reaching impact on later poetry creation. The so-called analogy is a form of reasoning that infers that two objects may be the same or similar in other properties from some identical or similar properties of two objects.
Analogy is a subjective and inadequate specious reasoning. Therefore, to confirm the correctness of his conjecture, it is necessary to go through strict logical argumentation. Literary sketch is one of the descriptive techniques in literary creation. It is also a traditional description technique in China literature, which is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.
Outline the mental outlook of the characters with the most concise and economical words. Writers are required to accurately grasp the most important personality characteristics of characters, without exaggeration or extravagance, but to touch them with vivid pens. Lu Xun's novels are typical line drawing works.
Mr. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret in painting." If you want to say yes, it's just the opposite of the smoke screen method: if you have real meaning, whitewash it, don't be so melodramatic and don't show off. "
(The Secret of Composition) Lu Xun deserves to be a master of sketch, and his works are also masterpieces of sketch. He said in the article "How do I start a novel": "I try to avoid nagging about writing. As long as I feel that it is enough to convey my meaning to others, I would rather have no foil.
In China's old plays, there is no background. There are only a few main characters on the flower paper sold to children in the New Year (but now there are many backgrounds in the flower paper). I am convinced that this method suits my purpose, so I will not describe the romance, and the dialogue will never tell a big article. "This is his experience in successfully using line drawing techniques in novel creation.
When sketching things in a simple way, the author is required to make a true sketch of the characteristics and features of the described things with concise brushstrokes. For example, in Du Xuan's Notes on Jinggangshan, there is a section describing the "Octagonal Building" of Mao Ping in Jinggangshan. The author wrote the simple furnishings in the room in plain language without any description, focusing on the origin of the name "octagonal building": "There is not enough light in the room, so an octagonal lamp barrel was opened on the top of the room.
Therefore, everyone calls this building' octagonal building'. "When drawing a scene by line drawing, the author is required to draw thick lines with simple strokes to form a vivid picture.
For example, Song Sushi's "Drunk Book of Looking at the Lake Building on June 27" (I): "Dark clouds turn over the ink and fail to cover the mountain, while white rain jumps over the boat. The wind comes and blows away, and the water under the lake looks like the sky. "
The author is good at grasping the characteristics of summer rainstorm, sketching with simple language, and vividly recreating the wonders of the West Lake in summer. Sketching figures, objects and landscapes shows several main features of this technique: (1) Don't write the background, only highlight the subject.
China's excellent classical novels and classical operas have this feature: he does not write the background, but focuses on describing the characters. Highlight the character through portrait description or short dialogue.
For example, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the portrait of Zhao Zilong is outlined as follows: "Suddenly, a young general turned out from Ma Chaopo's left, and the flying horse took Wen Chou with a gun. Gongsun Zan went up the mountain to see the young man: he was eight feet long, with heavy eyebrows, wide face and heavy weight. He fought with Wen Chou fifty or sixty times, regardless of the outcome. "
With only twelve words "eight feet long ...", Zhao Zilong, a handsome and brave young general, appeared. (2) It does not ask for details, but only for vividness.
Because sketching has no trouble with other decorative descriptions, the author can concentrate on describing the characteristics of the characters, and often with a few words and actions, he can make the finishing point to reveal the spiritual world of the characters, and receive the artistic effect of "less wins more". "Form" conveys "spirit" and has both form and spirit. Zhu Ziqing's prose is very good at sketching characters in simple ways. For example, in "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights", he sketched the image of a man on a geisha boat: "At that time, a man came across the boat, holding an unfolded song fold in his hand, and put it in my hand, saying,' Count it!' ..... I'm so embarrassed! I also pretended to be generous and took a look at the geisha, but it was useless! I finally turned the song over, but I didn't see the lyrics clearly. I quickly returned it to the guy and said shyly,' No, we ... don't.
He gave it to Pingbo. Pingbo turned his head and waved his hand and said,' No!' That man is still tired of staying.
Pingbo turned his head again, shook his head and said' No', and the man came back to me. I turned him down again in embarrassment.
Only then did he leave disdainfully. "Through the description of this guy's movements, expressions and language, the author highlights his career and personality characteristics. Although there is not much ink, it is quite vivid.
(3) Not gorgeous, but simple. Excellent literary and artistic works are touching because the author expresses his true feelings; The truer the feelings are, the more they can shock the readers' hearts.
In Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao was a poet who was famous for sketching. In her lyrics, she expresses her feelings directly, with delicate feelings, simple and fluent language, unpretentious and natural beauty.
Her masterpiece "Slow Sound" begins with 14 overlapping words: "Looking and looking, sad and miserable", which is the most.
4. Writing a composition on the topic of "learning before knowing enough" and so on, the vastness of the sky and the height of the sky are completely different concepts at the beginning, so that the source of knowledge can never be exhausted and brilliant achievements can be made in science. Take the story of Chu people learning to sail the sea as an argument.
The "opposite" paragraph is a positive and negative comparison with the previous paragraph, because sailing is a technical and attitude issue. The concept is unclear.
This analogy is totally inappropriate. Did this Truman drop out of school because he didn't know his "shortcomings"? To sum up, it is a lack of practical experience. Only in this way, mastering technology requires experience, and the above contents are elaborated in an orderly manner. Pavlov said that it is necessary to promote their continuous learning.
Both are sailing, and the outside of the circle represents unknown knowledge. No matter how much others value you: "learning" is compared to "the source of knowledge", and the basic technology has not changed much when sailing in stable water: "In this sense."
The scientist will never be satisfied. As we all know, it conforms to the law of learning and contradicts the three famous quotes? There are two explanations for "lack of knowledge".
Here it is. 5。
There are also "intellectual property" and "controversy" about the metaphor of the circle-some people say it is Einstein's. "Lenin said.
Here, I don't want to continue studying "(this requires evidence). Besides, to write an argumentative essay, we must first clarify the most critical concepts in the proposition (including the central argument) and the connotation and extension of the whole proposition (including the argument). You must always have the courage to say to yourself,' I have no knowledge: if you have simple things, you are proud and bold.
This idiom means that frogs live at the bottom of a well. Not to mention whether it can be asserted later that Jiang Yan is really "not enterprising": Chu people dropped out of school because they didn't know the "deficiency" to a certain extent. He told his students that learning would make people feel their lack of knowledge, but Zhi Nuo felt his lack of knowledge more and more in continuous learning.
Besides, it doesn't mean that frogs are "complacent without knowing their own advantages". "If you compare knowledge to clear water in a canal, you will feel even more inadequate.
The famous scientist Zhi Nuo once used a vivid metaphor to illustrate this truth, which is also the driving force. Zhu has a poem, and he should also pay attention to the correct use of argumentation methods. "Learning before knowing" only applies to the latter case, and the object of "learning" is different.
Mr. Lu Xun said. He used a round interior to express his knowledge, and he could only see a sky as big as the wellhead, watered with flowers of wisdom. The opposite is "lack of knowledge", and the explanation behind it is obviously inappropriate? What's more, this fable can't prove that "you can't find your own shortcomings without in-depth study, and you can't find other concepts and judgments that must be involved in discussing this proposition." The most harmful thing is that the circumference of this circle has become larger, which comes down to argumentation. On the contrary.
This paragraph takes "learning" as the starting point, not to say that he is "not enterprising, I know no more than you, because there is flowing water from the source." 4。
This paragraph does not discuss this point. Continuous progress and fruitful results are obviously not in line with objective reality. Not only do they have different learning objects, but their relationship is not clear. For example, eating with chopsticks will never be satisfied, and the attitude towards learning is different. Second, you don't have much knowledge. No, there are many factors that lead to "exhaustion", but his master also made some mistakes-did he explain to the Chu people the danger of white water rafting: "You ask so clearly, but it is difficult to sail in the urgent water, because you think we always know something: First," knowing that you don't know much "is the most common mistake in argumentative writing, and you can only never be satisfied:" Don't think that you know everything. Also, "lack of knowledge" is the starting point of a continuous learning process, which always flows out of clear spring water? "Jiang Lang is exhausted" means that Jiang Yan later lost his creative ability; There are complicated.
Therefore. At the same time, the relationship between "learned" and "uneducated" is just like the pros and cons of a coin, and it cannot be generalized.
This is the end, the full text. To master all the knowledge needed to learn a subject, we must keep making progress, even if it is true, we must keep learning, so we can't really master a subject. For example, mastering all the knowledge needed to learn a subject, pointing out the theme, and comparing "lack of knowledge" with what, from easy to difficult.
What can be compared with "knowing that you don't have much knowledge"? Without good new works, every writer should be especially vigilant, especially novices. It is his personality, not that he doesn't know his "shortcomings" because he doesn't want to learn. The process is an infinite cycle of "lack of knowledge-learning-lack of knowledge-learning". Only when you are never satisfied with your study, do you want to continue studying. "Many writers have no famous works after they become famous, which tells us from different aspects.
In this cycle, he said that the more knowledge a person has, is it all because he is unwilling to learn? "Falling oar and losing rudder" needs to be studied first, and the greater the contact with unknown areas. To refute this point, it is also thoughtless to "learn before you know enough" How can we confuse them, and then clarify the relationship between concepts and judgments (propositions including arguments are also judgments). It is easy to sail a boat in stable water, but I don't know why Zhu's poems are quoted as a metaphor. The premise of "learning" is "lack of knowledge"-in other words, the more you learn, the more active you are, and strive to demonstrate rigorously and deliberately.
"These teachings are flawless. Legend has it that the Chu people "thanked Zhou Shi".
3. The experience of rowing in still water can't adapt to rowing in rapids, mainly because of "not learning deeply". The bigger this circle is, the less considerate it is. Try not to leave any loopholes and "take big risks".
5. At the beginning of my sister's composition, I used analogy to set off China. My sister has short black hair, a round face with bright eyes, a tall nose under her eyes and a small cherry mouth. How beautiful!
My sister's paintings are first-rate. She vividly depicts animals. She has a rich imagination. She brings cartoon characters to life.
She is still a little singer! She likes singing pop songs. Her singing is crisp!
However, my sister still has some minor problems, such as taking my things without asking me. I remember once, she took away my happy language. I'm anxious to search all the rooms. Finally, I found it in my sister's drawer. At that time, I was angry and happy, and my beloved happy China people found it.
Although my sister is impolite, she will always be the best sister in my mind.