The research or development of any discipline is based on discipline or technology. The summary part mainly expounds the development course and research direction of the selected topic in the corresponding disciplines, especially the development trend and latest achievements in recent years. By comparing and commenting on the research results at home and abroad, it is shown that the topic is in line with the current research direction and has made progress, or the latest technology has been adopted and improved, so that readers can further understand the significance of the topic. The summary part can reflect the various abilities of graduation design students. First of all, it reflects the reading ability of Chinese and foreign documents. By consulting literature, understanding the research level of peers and effectively using literature in work and papers, we can not only avoid simple repeated research, but also make R&D work have a higher starting point. Secondly, it can also reflect the ability of comprehensive analysis. We can learn from a large number of documents, which requires not only a certain level of professional knowledge, but also a certain comprehensive ability. Whether the research results of peers can grasp the main points and whether the comments on pros and cons are realistic and just right is related to a person's analytical understanding ability. It is worth noting that in order to do a good job in a graduation thesis, you must read a certain amount (2~3 articles) of foreign language materials, which not only reflects your foreign language reading ability, but also contributes to the advanced nature of the thesis.

1, the abstract of the paper should exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field; Never write what should appear in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).

2. Don't simply repeat the information already in the title.

3. Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.

4. Use the third person. It is suggested that the description methods such as "research …", "report …" and "investigation …" should be used to indicate the nature and theme of the literature at one time, instead of "this article" and "author" as subjects.

5, to use standard terminology, not open symbols and terms. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.

6. In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and there are no illustrations and tables.

7. There is no need to quote unless the document confirms or denies the published works of others.

8. Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by readers of adjacent majors. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as adopting legal units of measurement, using language and punctuation correctly, are also applicable to the preparation of abstracts. The main problems in the compilation are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Improper simplification.

9. The writing of the abstract of a paper usually begins when the whole paper is nearing completion, so as to include all the contents. However, you can also write it in advance and then make appropriate changes according to the progress of the research. When writing a paper abstract, you should pay attention to the following matters:

10, organize your materials to provide the most information in the smallest space.

1 1. Use simple and direct sentences. Avoid using idioms, common sayings or unnecessary technical terms.

12, please read it and make comments on its simplicity and completeness.

13, delete meaningless or unnecessary words. But don't go too far and delete the right words too much. For example, in English, you should not delete necessary articles, such as "an".