First, the "soft fault" caused by software.
Computer is a special product, which needs a combination of software and hardware to be used normally. Computers without software are just "bare metal" and almost useless. Software has a great influence on the normal use of computers. According to incomplete statistics, for most users, more than 80% of the computer failures in daily use are "soft failures" caused by software. Among them, the chief culprit of "soft failure" is computer virus. Shortly after the birth of computer, computer virus "came into being"; With the increasing popularity of the Internet, viruses spread more rapidly and often interfere with and destroy the normal work of computers. A typical example is the "shock wave" virus that caused serious damage to computers around the world some time ago. When it breaks out, it will make the system start frequently, resulting in the computer not working normally. For the fault caused by virus, we can use new anti-virus software to kill it. Damage to important system files will also cause the system to fail to operate normally. For example, KERNEL32.DLL, font files and other basic files necessary for system operation are destroyed, and the system cannot work normally. For this kind of fault, if you can't get into the normal desktop, you can only solve it by installing the cover or reinstalling the operating system. The application software has quality problems or is incompatible with the operating system, which can also lead to system failure. For example, some programs may cause the system to shut down normally after running. In this case, we can run "Msconfig" to check whether there are unfamiliar programs in the startup item and shield it.
Second, the failure caused by the influence of the external environment The normal use of the computer needs certain external environmental conditions to ensure that the abnormal external environment will also cause the computer to be unable to use normally. The first is the power environment. As a precision electronic equipment, computer is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. For example, the unstable mains voltage and frequent power failure will not only make the computer unable to work normally, but even damage the hard disk and other accessories. The normal working voltage range of a general home computer is 170V-240V. When the power supply voltage exceeds this range, the computer will automatically restart or shut down. For areas where power supply is often unstable, you can buy online UPS, parameter regulator or wide switching power supply to ensure a good enough power supply environment for computers to work stably. Another factor that can't be ignored in the electricity environment is the poor quality of the plug-in or power socket. Many power strips are of poor quality, internal contacts are manually welded, and acid flux is commonly used, which is prone to problems such as open circuit and leakage caused by solder joint oxidation in use. Poor contact of computer power plug will produce large contact resistance, and long-term work will produce a lot of heat, which will also lead to frequent restart of the host.
Electromagnetic interference is also an important cause of computer failure. Many times the computer crashes and restarts because of electromagnetic interference, such as high-voltage lines, transformers, inverter air conditioners, arc welding and other equipment. If the host computer has poor anti-interference ability, it will restart unexpectedly or crash frequently. At the same time, strong magnetic field interference will also lead to the magnetization of CRT display, which will lead to color cast failure. The external temperature and humidity environment is also very important. Too high or too low will lead to computer problems. Even if the environmental dust is too heavy, it is easy to cause computer failure.
Third, the failure caused by the conflict between devices Many friends who play computer have had this experience: When you add a new board to the computer, it often leads to the failure of the whole computer, so you often complain that the quality of the board you bought is too poor. In fact, this problem may not be the poor quality of the new card, but the conflict between it and other devices on the computer.
If a computer device wants to work normally, it must communicate with the host through certain system resources. When a new board is loaded into a computer, it often conflicts with the existing computer equipment and cannot work normally. The most common and easiest resource conflicts are IRQ, DMA and I/O conflicts.
Since Win95, all system resources of the computer, such as IRQ number, DMA channel and I/O port, have been taken over by the operating system, and are intelligently allocated according to the situation. This is what we often call plug and play. But this kind of plug-and-play is conditional: it needs a plug-and-play BIOS, a plug-and-play device and a plug-and-play operating system, all of which are indispensable, otherwise it may lead to device conflicts. In the actual installation, due to the mixed installation of non-plug-and-play devices and the increasing variety and specifications of plug-and-play devices, new devices emerge one after another, and Windows is not perfect, so it is often impossible to correctly detect and handle the resources of related devices, especially in the case of more installed devices. Because most of the interrupts, DMA channels and I/O addresses of various boards have their own default values, if it happens that two boards use the same resources, the operating system can't handle them normally, which will cause conflicts. This is one of the important reasons for equipment conflict. In addition, some boards may be difficult to get along with other boards because of special design (such as excessive power consumption), lax material selection, poor manufacturing process and even imperfect firmware code writing.
Fourth, the general solution to hardware conflicts With the increasing complexity of computer software and hardware systems, hardware conflicts are inevitable. When encountering such problems, we should carefully check and analyze them. The key is to pay attention to accumulating experience in peacetime, and such problems can be properly handled.
The soul of a computer is a software system, and the hardware finally plays a role under the control of the software. Therefore, to prevent and solve such problems, we must first start with software. For example, change the version of the operating system and install the latest operating system patches. Upgrading the BIOS and driver versions of related accessories is also effective for solving hardware conflicts, such as upgrading the latest motherboard BIOS and graphics card BIOS, as well as the latest hardware drivers and the latest version of Direct X, and it is best to install the latest motherboard chipset patch.
Secondly, when encountering hardware conflicts, we can manually adjust system resources. Enter the system properties of the control panel and select the device management tab, where all computer hardware devices (such as CD-ROM drive, monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.). ) will be displayed. Select the "Computer" device item at the top and click the "Properties" button; In the Computer Properties dialog box, users can view existing system resources from the View Resources tab. These resources include interrupt request (IRQ), direct memory access (DMA), input/output (I/O) and memory, and users can choose to view them respectively. If you select "Interrupt Request (IRQ)" system resources, you can display the interrupt numbers that Windows has allocated to use now, from which users can know which system resources are occupied and which are not used, and some device conflicts can be solved by manual adjustment. In addition, when equipment conflicts, adjusting the relevant parameters in the motherboard BIOS reasonably can often solve the problem.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) General solution to computer failure When a computer fails, we should follow the principle of "soft first, then hard, from simple to complex, and replace them one by one". For example, first kill virus, check the integrity of system files, and reinstall the operating system. Improper setting of the motherboard BIOS should also belong to the category of "soft failure". Please restore the default security settings of the BIOS. After troubleshooting the software, check the hardware installation problem, open the chassis, unplug all accessories including CPU, carefully clean the dust, then clean the "golden finger" of the memory and card with anhydrous alcohol, and then reinstall. If there are still problems, please consider replacing related accessories. Generally, easily replaceable accessories such as memory, graphics card and power supply are replaced one by one until the "culprit" leading to the failure is found. Of course, not all computer failures can be handled by themselves. Some faults need to be repaired as soon as possible, and high-voltage equipment such as monitors are not allowed to be repaired without authorization. In order to avoid encountering traps and black hands in computer maintenance, in addition to improving your computer level, you should also pay attention to choosing a maintenance point with good local reputation, accompanied by experienced friends, and try to maintain it face to face. After maintenance, you should check and test it carefully. Finally, you should pay attention to sign the maintenance contract and indicate the warranty period. Once you feel it, there are many types and causes of computer failures, but if you can understand the basic working principle of computers and the basic handling methods of common failures, you can reduce a lot of troubles. Then I'm sorry, I can't help you .. wait for someone else's answer. .