1. Injuries caused by fierce competition are likely to cause muscle strain and fracture of thighs and calves during intense competitions, sprints and steals. Sudden change of posture, sudden torsion, adduction or abduction of the calf will cause ligament and bone damage of the knee joint and ankle joint.
2. Injuries caused by the indirect action of the ball are more common in lower limbs. For example, kicking the ball with the outside of the foot can easily damage the anterior talofibular ligament, which is the most common ankle injury. When kicking the ball with the medial forefoot of the foot, due to the flexion of the knee joint, the calf suddenly rotates outward and abducts under the action of the ball, which is easy to damage the medial collateral ligament, meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. Especially when it's "foot-to-foot" with the opposing athletes.
Causes and preventive methods of sports injury
1. Muscle ligament strain
Internal causes: insufficient training level, poor flexibility, strength and coordination, and poor physiological structure.
External causes: insufficient preparation activities, poor venue, temperature and humidity, poor class content and insufficient professional level of coaches.
Prevention: Choose coaches, venues and suitable courses, and exercise and prepare for activities fully and step by step under normal weather conditions.
Treatment: 24 hours ago was the acute phase.
Methods: Stop exercising, cold compress, bandage and raise the injured part.
After 24 hours is the recovery period: with massage, micro-motion, rehabilitation or restorative exercise.
2. Joint sprain
Internal causes: poor technical mastery, poor coordination, weak muscle strength around joints, poor physiological structure and poor physical strength due to fatigue.
External causes: insufficient preparation activities, slippery venue, improper use of equipment and coaches, and poor content (quick action, excessive rotation and jumping).
Prevention: Be fully prepared, understand the use of equipment, step by step, and the coach or himself will slow down.
Treatment: 24 hours ago was the acute phase.
Methods: Stop exercising, cold compress, bandage and raise the injured part.
After 24 hours is the recovery period: with massage, micro-motion, rehabilitation or restorative exercise.
wan and sallow
Manifestations: people are cold, sweaty, pale or red, headache, dizziness, fatigue and fatigue.
Prevention: coaches or practitioners should pay attention to the control of exercise.
Solution: Leave the hot place and take off your coat and wet clothes. Give him some water slowly after waking up and pay attention to observation. The patient should not do more exercise that day.
4. Exercise fatigue
Manifestations: palpitation, tachycardia, slow recovery of blood pressure and pulse after exercise, visceral discomfort, hematuria, etc. People are cold, sweaty, pale or red, headache, dizziness, fatigue and exhaustion.
Reasons: incorrect training methods, unsystematic training, large amount of exercise, long training time, insufficient rest, etc.
Prevention: arrange reasonable training time and plan, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
Treatment: adjust the exercise plan and amount, step by step, and carry out systematic training and comprehensive training.
5. Gravity impact
Manifestations: dizziness, dark eyes, uncomfortable heart, pale face, cold hands and feet, and severe fainting.
Causes: insufficient blood supply to the lower limbs during exercise, insufficient venous return during sudden static exercise, and cerebral anemia caused by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.
Prevention: Don't stop exercising immediately after intensive exercise.
Treatment: Let the patient lie flat, the foot pad is high, the head is lower than the foot, and massage from the calf to the thigh.
6. Angina pectoris
Manifestations: Angina pectoris often manifests as leg and belly pain and colic.
Reason: Regular exercise in cold places, drinking cold drinks, not doing stretching massage and not drinking salt water will aggravate the condition.
Prevention: Pay attention to choose a good exercise environment, make full preparations for activities, and have an air-conditioned gym indoors.
Treatment: rest and let the practitioners go in a good environment.
7. Stroke manifestations: severe heart disease, affected human function, dry skin, redness, fever, fast and weak pulse, shallow breathing, etc.
Treatment: Consciously: drink water in moderation and take off your coat. If you vomit, don't give liquid food and call the hospital.
Unconscious: call for help, let him lie on his side, observe his breathing, put ice cubes on his wrists, ankles, armpits and neck veins without massage.
8. Exercise abdominal pain
Etiology 1: liver and spleen congestion, chronic abdominal diseases.
Reason 2: respiratory muscle spasm (insufficient preparation, low lung permeability, uncoordinated exercise and breathing)
Reason 3: Gastrointestinal spasm (overeating before exercise, exercising too early after meals, or drinking too much water on an empty stomach) Prevention: Physical examination before exercise, reasonable arrangement of exercise diet, 65,438+0 hours of exercise before and after meals, no fasting and no drinking too much water during exercise.
Treatment: slow down exercise, deepen breathing, adjust the rhythm of exercise breathing, and press the painful part with your hands. If you really can't, you won't exercise; Oral antispasmodic drugs (atropine, ten drops of water).
9. Plantar fasciitis
Cause 1: Pain caused by frequent compression of soles of feet. The reasons are inappropriate routines, shoes problems and poor physiological structure of feet.
Reason two: calcaneal calcium precipitation, plantar fasciitis and nerve tingling.
Prevention: Adequate preparation activities (including foot preparation activities).
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
10. seed osteitis
Cause: Sudden heavy pressure was applied to the sesamoid bone during exercise, resulting in fracture and inflammation.
Prevention: choose shoes with cushioning and correct them with cushioning force.
1 1. Tendon and calf myalgia
Reason: It is caused by often lifting the heel.
Prevention: Stretching tendons and calf muscles before and after exercise can prevent injury and relieve pain.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage, hot water washing and stretching to help relieve pain.
12. Semilunar valve disease
Cause: Semi-valvular disease is generally caused by excessive knee movement and running, and semi-valvular disease often has a "click" sound.
Prevention: reduce excessive movement of knee joint and reduce impact actions such as turning and jumping.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and hot water washing.
13. Arthritis and bursitis
Reason: overtraining.
Treatment: rest and see a doctor. Osteoarthritis is due to the wear and tear of cartilage, which causes swelling and edema of joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by diseases of human immune system.
14. Lumbar muscle strain
Causes: improper exercise methods (such as unyielding legs during sit-ups), anxious for success in exercise and fatigue injury.
Prevention: learn the correct movement skills, and don't rush for success.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
15. Cervical diseases
Causes: improper exercise methods (such as not holding the neck when doing sit-ups), excessive neck exercise and fatigue injury.
Prevention: Learn the correct sports skills and don't overtrain your neck.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
16. Tibial periostitis
Manifestations: Tibial periosteum and bone have a sense of peeling, resulting in fatigue and soreness.
Causes: improper exercise mode, unequal ground, unbalanced calf muscle development and sudden pressure.
Prevention: learn the correct exercise methods (for example, don't jump continuously for a long time and pedal up and down).
Treatment: pay attention to comprehensive exercise, relaxation, rest, massage, hot water washing, stretching exercise to relieve pain, etc.