The stages and influencing factors of group counseling

First, the development stage of group counseling (Fan Fumin)

1. initial stage: team? Form group norms; Build mutual trust. (breaking ice)

2. Intermediate or working stage:? Module operation? Implement the consulting module? ① Early stage: moderately reduce psychological defense; (2) Later stage: catalysis promotes members' openness and self-exposure.

3. End stage:? End the evaluation? Recall, summarize and communicate; Encourage and bless each other; Feedback the effect of group consultation; Handle parting feelings; Awards, group photos or dinners.

icebreaking

Time: 2-4 hours

Alienation, suspicion and suspicion among members in the group → a safe, relaxed, harmonious and happy atmosphere in the group.

Adequate physical activity; * * * Participation; Body contact

Secondly, the problems faced and dealt with by teachers in the process of group consultation.

1. Create an environment conducive to building trust.

2. Dealing with members' anxiety and expectations

3. Clear the negative emotions and conflicts of the group

4. Understand and point out the true meaning of member conflict.

5. Set an example of unguarded behavior when accepting challenges from members.

6. Reduce the dependence of members on mentors.

7. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of individual members

8. Guide members directly and effectively, and encourage members to express their feelings and reactions to the group.

9. Help members to express their reactions at a deeper level.

10. Encourage members to expand the experience of the group and play a role in daily life.

Thirdly, the change of group atmosphere in the process of group negotiation.

(A) Group cohesion

1. Indicators of group cohesion

(1) cooperation degree of group members

(2) Participants' spontaneity, attendance, punctuality and trust.

(3) The degree of support, encouragement and care shown in the interaction.

2. Factors affecting group cohesion

Similarity among (1) members

(2) Population size

(3) Members' attitude towards the group

(4) the situation of achieving the goal

(5) Information communication inside and outside the Group

(6) the leader's influence and authority

3. Ways to enhance group cohesion

(1) Trust must be cultivated at the early stage of the group.

(2) Encourage group members to share their lives with the group.

(3) Group goals should be clear.

(4) The leadership function is shared by all members.

(5) openly handle contradictions within the group.

(6) Enhance group attraction

(B) the atmosphere of defense and acceptance

The defensive atmosphere: evaluation? Control? Using tricks? Neutral? Superiority? Are you sure?

Acceptable atmosphere: description? Enlighten? Natural? * * * Love? Equality? Negotiatable

(C) the change of self-cognition in the group process: Qiao Han's window theory.

basic concept

American psychologists Jone and Hary put forward the window theory of human self-knowledge, which is called Johann's window theory. They believe that people's understanding of themselves is a process of continuous exploration. Because everyone's ego has four parts: open ego, blind ego, secret ego and unknown ego.

(1) When a person's public sphere is expanded, his life will be more real. Whether he is interacting with others or dealing with himself, he will be relaxed, happy and efficient, and the blind area will become smaller. The clearer he knows about himself, the more he can develop his strengths and avoid his weaknesses in life and give full play to his potential.

(2) "In order to know yourself, people should have the courage to discover themselves, and at the same time, they should accept their self-discovery with an open mind."

(3) When we go deep into our inner world to explore, we can become more harmonious. The more we know about ourselves, the better the development of interpersonal relationships.

(4) By sharing the secret self with others and reducing the blind self through others' feedback, people will understand themselves more objectively.

Guiding significance for group consultation

(1) The process of group consultation is that individual members know themselves.

(2) The main purpose of group counseling is to expand the "open area", which can be achieved through appropriate feedback (blind me) and self-opening (secret me).