First, the way of asking questions

In the graduation thesis defense meeting, the way the main defense teacher asks questions will affect the realization of the purpose of organizing the defense meeting and the students' defense level. It is necessary for the presiding teacher to pay attention to his own way of asking questions.

1. Ask questions according to the principle of easy before difficult. Generally, the main defense teacher will ask each respondent three or more questions, and it is best to ask these questions in the order from easy to difficult. The first question asked should generally be considered as a question that students can answer and answer well. When students answer the first question well, they will relax their nervousness and strengthen themselves? Me? Being able to answer confidently is conducive to the normal level of defense in the following questions. On the other hand, if you can't answer the first question, it will give students a psychological burden, aggravate their nervousness and produce panic, which will inevitably affect the defense of the following questions, so it is difficult to correctly test students' defense ability and academic level.

2. Ask questions step by step. In order to correctly test students' mastery of professional basic knowledge, it is sometimes necessary to divide a big question into several small questions and ask questions step by step.

For example, there is a paper on "Science and technology are the primary productive forces", and the test level questions given by the examiners are composed of the following four small questions.

(1) What is technology?

(2) Is science and technology an independent factor of productivity?

After the students make the correct answer, they immediately ask the third little question:

(3) Science and technology are not independent factors of productivity. Why is it also productivity?

(4) How to understand that science and technology are the primary productive forces? Through this type of question, according to the students' defense situation, accurately measure the students' solid grasp of basic knowledge.

If you can't answer any of these four small questions, it means that the student has not mastered the basic professional knowledge well; If all four questions can be answered correctly, it shows that the student has a solid grasp of basic knowledge; If you can answer two of them? Three, or a small question in each question, but the answer is incomplete or incorrect, indicating that the student has mastered the basic knowledge in general. If you don't take this step-by-step way of asking questions, it will be difficult to accurately measure a student's mastery of professional basic knowledge. If the above question is the way to ask questions: please talk about why science and technology are the primary productive forces? Students may repeat the main content of the paper. It is difficult to know exactly whether students' mastery of basic knowledge is good, poor or average.

When the respondent's point of view is different from his own, he should discuss it with him in a gentle way and in a discussion tone, that is to say, he should have? Elder? Manner, practice your skills, and avoid condescending and swearing. No need? The truth? Master pretends to be useful? No? 、? Wrong? 、? Fallacy? Waiting for a negative judgment. Remember? Yes, maybe not, and maybe not? Motto, have good advice.

If the author's point of view is reasonable and well founded, even if it is completely contrary to his own point of view, he should recognize it and be willing to accept it. If the author's views are immature and imperfect, they should be discussed in good faith and peacefully, giving students equal rights to defend or refute. When your point of view cannot be accepted by the author, you should not bully the weak, oppress the reason with power, and be rude. Although in the process of defense, the status of the defense teacher and the students is not equal (one is the examiner and the other is the examinee), but they are completely equal in personality. It is normal to show mutual respect and modesty in defense, and it is difficult to unify views for a while. You don't have to impose your own views on others, just take your own views out for the other party's reference. In fact, as long as the defense teacher speaks euphemistically and peacefully, it is easier for students to accept and consider your point of view, and it is easier to re-examine their own points of view, so as to achieve the goal of exploring the truth together.

4. When students can't answer questions for a while, heuristic and guided questioning methods should be adopted.

Teachers who have participated in the thesis defense Committee may have encountered such a situation: students can't answer your questions, and some are helpless? Stay? Use; Some ramble with you and beat around the bush, but in fact he doesn't know the answer. In this case, the defense teacher can't embarrass the students? Stay? You can't let it talk to you there, but you should inspire or guide it in time. There are many reasons why students can't answer, some of which are because the questions are completely unexpected, or do they just improvise? Blind spot of perception? And can't answer. At this time, with a little guidance and inspiration, students can be trained? Memories Knowledge, answer questions well. Only through inspiration and guidance can we judge that he really doesn't have this knowledge when he still can't answer and get to the point.

Second, the questions that should be paid attention to when answering questions.

Graduate students will enter the question-and-answer session after publishing their papers. In order to improve the quality and effect of answers, graduate students need to think about the following questions before answering their papers: (1) Questions about the significance of the topic; (2) Questions about important viewpoints and concepts; (3) About the innovation of the paper; (4) Ask questions about the details of the paper; (5) Questioning the data source of the paper; (6) Problems about the weak links in the paper; (7) Ask questions about the specific work you have done; (8) Developmental issues related to disciplines.

In view of the above questions, in order to obtain a good defense effect, we need to pay attention to the following details when answering:

1. Listen to the questions carefully, and ask them when you don't hear them clearly, so as not to answer irrelevant questions or wrong questions that could have been answered.

Don't rush to answer, think before you answer, which will make the answer more organized, deeper and more comprehensive.

We should carefully understand the experts' questions and answer the core questions, instead of asking less and answering more. Language should be concise, not vague and not used too much? Probably? 、? Maybe? 、? Maybe? Words like 100.

4. It is normal that some questions are not answered, which may not affect the comments. Sometimes, experts may ask a few difficult questions to see if the respondent has considered it and communicated with it deeply, so the respondent may not be able to answer it. Just tell the truth, don't pretend to understand, so as not to make unnecessary mistakes.

5. Respect the defense experts and don't argue too much. When your point of view is different from that of defense experts, you should respect them and let them accept your point of view, so you must learn to use various debating skills instead of arguing excessively.

Third, other matters.

1. Be confident. Overcome nervousness, anxiety and impatience, and believe that you can successfully pass the defense. Inferiority will make the defense fail to meet the standard, and even because of timidity, you can't express your thoughts normally and can't reflect your true ability and level.

2. full of enthusiasm. Smile, fully mobilize your enthusiasm and show your best mental state to everyone.

3. Be polite. Say hello to the experts at the beginning, and thank you at the end of the defense, which shows that the cultivation is good. Whether you listen to the defense experts' questions or answer them, you should be polite.

4. Pay attention to manners and manners. Respondents should be neat and generous. If you can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first minute or two, you will have a good start.

Successful defense is a combination of self-confidence and skill, and solid professional knowledge and careful defense preparation are the prerequisites for success. Using some defense skills can fully demonstrate the ability to organize research materials and display research results, and let others know what they have done. In order to achieve good results, it is necessary to deeply analyze the purpose of defense, the content of defense report, the skills of defense report, possible problems and solutions. Doing these tasks well, the respondent will certainly achieve excellent results and successfully pass the thesis defense.

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