Judging from the economic, political and military achievements, literature can not ignore its own experiences in its early and later years. Cao Cao is an accomplished politician, strategist and writer in history. Because of his family background and the era in which he lived, he decided to achieve something. Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, was a eunuch when he was Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, and his official position was "to serve Chang Changqiu in order to pay his dues". His father Song is Teng's adopted son, and the official is Qiu. Cao Cao was born in such an official family since childhood, and he is bound to receive a good education. In addition, "be less alert and have the right to count (1)". Although he is willful and dissolute, he does not pay attention to moral cultivation and learning, and also shows his intelligence and ability to do things. Therefore, Qiao Xuan, a native of Liang, commented on him: "The world will be in chaos, and those who are doomed cannot help, and those who can be safe are in the king!" (2) "Cao Cao was recommended as Xiaolian at the age of twenty and became a Langguan. Later, he was appointed North Commandant of Luoyang County, promoted to Dunqiu County Magistrate, and was recruited into the DPRK to grant Lang. From this point of view, Cao Cao's youth was a prosperous time, and he rose to the top of the world. He successfully entered the imperial court from a local official, which gave him the opportunity to gain greater state power. Cao Cao was born in troubled times, which provided him with the opportunity to start a career. The first is the Yellow Scarf Uprising in Yuan Di and the last years of Emperor Han Ling. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the rule of the feudal dynasty was in jeopardy. The revolutionary torrent of the Yellow turban insurrectionary made the Liu Dynasty unstoppable. So local governors had to be dispatched to suppress the peasant movement, and Cao Cao was appointed as a captain riding a horse to crusade against the peasant rebels in Yingchuan. Later, he was promoted to Jinan. From then on, the feudal lords from all walks of life occupied one side and stood on their own feet as kings. Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, abolished the younger emperor, established the Han emperor, and the capital Luoyang was in chaos. Cao Cao and Yuan Shao joined forces with various governors to crusade against Dong Zhuo. Although Dong Zhuo was removed, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Gongsun Zan and Lyu3 bu4 in the north have formed some powerful governors and occupied one side. Cao Cao sold the property here, recruited volunteers and gradually expanded his power. Later, in the process of encirclement and suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army, more than 300,000 soldiers were reduced and their elite was incorporated into the so-called "Qingzhou Army". Plus the support of his brothers Coss, Cao Hong, Xia, Xiahou () and so on; Yu Xun, Cheng Yu, Jia Xu and others made suggestions and wiped out the remaining Yellow Scarf Army. Defeated the separatist forces such as Lu Bu, Tao Qian, Zhang Miao and Zhang Xiu, and gradually gained powerful armed forces, becoming an important political group that ruled the north during the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao's victory in the separatist armed struggle was based on an enlightened political struggle. First of all, Cao Cao realized the important role of feudal emperors in political struggle while carrying out armed struggle. Encouraged by Xun and Cheng Yu, Cao Cao sent Cao Hong to the west to meet Xian Di. After Cao Cao entered Luoyang, he personally appeared before Xian Di. He was promoted to General Town East, appointed Fei Houting, recorded history and always led state affairs. Cao Cao moved the capital to Xuchang. From then on, he had an excuse to give orders and a deterrent among the princes. This is what people call "seizing the emperor to make the princes", which is also one of the important reasons why Cao Cao Can gained the upper hand in the separatist regime. Secondly, as a politician, Cao Cao understands and cares about (at least thinks of) people's sufferings. Years of war have seriously damaged production, coupled with natural disasters, such as "there are many Russians, and there is no way to distribute food", and there is even no place to raise military food for the war. Cao Cao adopted the suggestions of Zhao Zuo, Han Hao and others to cultivate land. Loans for plowing cattle and cultivated land provided to farmers are divided into six official cows and four private cows. The purpose of reclaiming farmland is mainly to meet the needs of military food, but also to solve the livelihood of some farmers who have no cattle and no fields. The land reclamation tax is paid directly to officials, which also avoids the exploitation of landlords, and the rations will not be entirely borne by farmers. Ensuring the army's food is not only beneficial to the war, but also reduces the arbitrary plunder of the army, which is beneficial to the people in any case. At the same time, Cao cares about the sufferings of the people. After defeating Yuan Shao, he ordered: "Hebei suffers from Yuan's difficulties, which makes it not to rent taxes this year! "Because of the war, the people were exempted from the rent tax for one year. Cao Cao also specially stipulated: "From the item, the number of conscripts, or in case of epidemic, officials died, family members were dissatisfied, and the people were displaced. How can the benevolent be happy? "I have to. So that the families of the deceased can't survive without a legacy, the county officials have no worries, and the chief sympathizes, so that I mean (3) "The government provides them with food, and the chief should visit them often. In terms of treating the people, Cao Cao also ordered that "all women who have reached the age of 70 and have no husband or son, are under the age of 12, have no parents or brothers, are blind, lose their labor force, have no wife, children, father, brother or industry, and the state will support them for life." "Command counties to advocate and attach importance to the study of literature and classics and school construction. 500 counties should set up academic officers to select outstanding local children for education. (4) "No matter what the conditions and implementation were at that time, Cao Cao's policy of developing production, caring for people's sufferings and developing education was very enlightened and progressive among the feudal ruling class, and it would certainly be supported and welcomed by the people. Cao Cao is also a strategist. He is good at fighting. The Three Kingdoms period was a period of war. There are wars almost everywhere, and there are wars every day. Many governors expanded their sphere of influence during the war. The reason why Cao Cao can stand out from the crowd is inseparable from his military talent. According to historical records, he is very good at directing wars. Guo Jia, an adviser, commented that he could "defeat the masses with fewer troops and use his troops as a god" when analyzing Ten Victory Proposals. Take Zhang Xiu as an example. Cao Cao surrounded Zhang Xiu in Maoxian. In May, Liu Biao sent troops to rescue and cut off Cao Jun's back road .. Cao Cao wanted to retreat, and Zhang Xiujun chased him. It was difficult for Cao Jun to move forward, so he launched his company's battle array and gradually advanced. Cao Cao wrote to Yu Xun, "Shu soldiers are coming after me. Although I only March a few miles every day, I estimate that when I arrive in Anzhong County, I will definitely defeat Zhang Xiu. " In anxian county, Zhang Xiu and Liu Biao's troops were in one place, and Cao Jun was flanked from front to back. Cao Cao dug an underground passage in a dangerous place overnight, carried all the trench away and ambushed the raiders. At dawn, the enemy thought that Cao Bing had retreated, so the whole army pursued him. Cao Jun sent infantry and cavalry to ambush and defeated Zhang Xiu. It can be seen that Cao Cao's ability to fight like a god. Another example is the famous battle of Guandu, in which Cao Cao won at a disadvantage. Yuan Shaobei occupied Hebei, Hebei, Qinghai and Youzhou, with hundreds of thousands of troops, and the soldiers were stronger than Ma Zhuang, and he didn't care about Cao Cao at all. In February of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao ordered general Yan Liang and others to invade Baima and attack Cao Cao. Cao Cao's strength is far less than Yuan Shao's, and he only occupies a part of the south of the Yangtze River. Not only is the territory narrow, but most of them are dilapidated battlefields. Production has not resumed and supply is in short supply. There are only 10,000 troops, and some history books say that "there are less than 10,000 soldiers and the wounded are twelve or thirteen (five)". However, Cao Cao personally led the troops north to meet the enemy at Baima. He pushed to Yanjin, and made it look like he was going to cross the river and attack Yuan Jun ... to attract Yuan Shao to split his troops and go west, and then suddenly turned to save Baima. When Cao Cao led the army to attack, Yuan was caught off guard and General Yan Liang was defeated. Then solve the siege of the white horse. Cao Cao withdrew his troops to the west, and Yuan Shao came with troops. Seeing that the pursuers were approaching, Cao Cao ordered the sergeant to take off his saddle and get on the road. The defeated army fought for the trench and the battle was in chaos. Cao Cao led the cavalry to attack suddenly, defeated the pursuers and beheaded another general, Wen Chou. Cao Cao won the first battle, took the initiative to retreat and continued to stick to Guandu. In August, Yuan Shao advanced on Guandu, and Cao Cao divided his forces and held fast to the camp, waiting for an opportunity. Yuan Jun wantonly attacked Cao Cao, and Cao Jun fought back. The two armies are at loggerheads, and it is difficult for Cao Jun to supply. In October, Yuan Shao shipped more than 10,000 wagons and hay from Hebei to prepare for the war, and sent general Chunyu Qiong to guard with more than 10,000 people, staying in Wu Chao, more than ten miles away from Yuan Shao's camp. When Cao Cao's advisers came to vote, they suddenly reported that 5,000 elite soldiers had raided the bird's nest at night and set fire to all sides of the path, but Chunyu Qiong could not get out. Yuan Shao sent reinforcements while attacking Cao Cao. As a result, Cao Cao was not broken, and Wu's army was defeated. Yuan Shao had to flee to the north of the Yellow River, and Cao Cao won a great victory (6). When Cao Cao was at a disadvantage, he was able to correctly analyze the situation, listen to the opinions of his advisers, personally command the front line, and won the final victory. The victory of the battle of Guandu decided the general trend of reunifying the north, and it was nothing more than Cao Cao. Cao Cao's extraordinary military talent is well documented. He conquered Xuzhou and Wuhuan. Although Battle of Red Cliffs Cao Cao ended in failure, in the previous stage of the war, Cao Cao's efforts not only still prevailed, but were unstoppable. Cao Cao's final failure was entirely due to the saying "Pride goes before a fall". After Cao Cao pacified the north, he took Liu Biao south in July of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an. Liu Biao died of illness and his son Liu Congju surrendered to Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Bei, who defected to Liu Biao after Guandu, was stationed in Fancheng. Hearing that Liu Cong had surrendered, he led the army to retreat to Jiangling. Jiangling is an important town in Jingzhou. Cao Cao was afraid that Jiangling would fall into the hands of Liu Bei, so he personally led 5,000 troops to gallop 200 miles from Xiangyang, chased Liu Bei at Changbanpo in Dangyang, defeated Liu Bei, and then occupied Jiangling. Cao Cao's army south has always been victorious. However, due to the propaganda of the orthodox concept of "respecting Liu over Cao" in novels and operas, people only know that Zhao Yun of Changbanpo is brave and tenacious. When Yangqiao (Changbanqiao in the novel) is Zhang Fei's hero, Cao Cao has become a foil to the hero. In fact, a little analysis can show Cao Cao's military achievements. He should be a strategist with extraordinary talent who has not been taught in the history of our country. "Cao Cao is not only an outstanding politician and strategist in the history of China, but also an outstanding writer. (7) "He and his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are called" Three Caos "in the history of China literature. "Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in Jian 'an literature. On the one hand, relying on political leadership, he extensively recruited scholars, resulting in a "elegant and prosperous" literary situation in Jian' an; On the other hand, he created a new literary atmosphere with his own creation. (8) "Cao Cao's most famous literary creation is his poems, most of which describe his personal experience of war life. Among them, there are many works with a sense of the times, which reflect the social unrest and the hardships of people's lives in the late Han Dynasty. This five-character poem has the nature of "poetic history". His famous poems include Short Song, Bitter Cold, Journey to the Polar Region, Looking at the Sea, and Life of a Turtle. For example, short songs wrote the complex mood and deep affection of Cao Cao, a political figure in Jian 'an era. The style of the whole poem is low and gloomy, "which embodies the characteristics of Jian 'an literature, such as' deep ambition, long pen and rich outline'. "At the same time, the whole poem sounds sonorous and rhymes freely, copying the original sentence of The Book of Songs (IX) and another poem" Watching the Sea "without trace, and showing the author's magnificent mind in his later years through his experience of watching the tide in the East China Sea. Describe the luxuriance of everything between mountains and seas, and describe the waves of the sea in the bleak autumn wind. On that day, the water is connected and the sea is magnificent. "The trip to the sun and the moon is unexpected. Star Han is brilliant, if it comes out, "swallowing the sun and the moon breeds the great momentum of the stars;" "This vast and boundless great scene is really spectacular. The sun, the moon and the stars are in his arms, and such a grand and magnificent artistic conception is really amazing. " Although Guishou directly expresses the poet's mind, the rhythm is fast and the ups and downs are clear. In the poem, the irresistible objective laws of nature are recited from both positive and negative aspects, and the oath that "the old man is riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, and the martyr dies without fear" is issued. Although Cao Cao was the ruler of the feudal political group, he must have experienced the wars of the times and felt the pain of fighting, betting that the land was barren and the people were displaced by the war. This feeling is also reflected in his poems, such as "Cold Tour" and "Song Tour", which all describe the sufferings of the expedition. "Song Lixing" wrote: "A hungry lice, all surnamed Wu. The Millennium is in the wild, and there is no crying for a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people who have left a legacy, and their thoughts are broken. " It truly reflects the suffering caused by the war, and is known as "A Record of the Late Han Dynasty, an authentic poem (10)". Although Cao Cao's articles are not as famous as poems, there are also Chinese chapters. Influenced by Ci and Fu, prose in Han Dynasty tends to be parallel prose, and articles in various subjects also form a certain format. Cao Cao's articles are unconventional, don't stick to the crowd, and only pay attention to expressing his own thoughts. The language is simple and simple, and it has its own distinct personality. For example, The Magistrate's Own Public Will and Wenxuan of Laoqiuqiao Memorial Hall all write what they want to say in a simple style, without artificial words, with the majestic momentum and fighting edge of politicians.