Discussion on coal mining technology
Abstract: China is rich in coal resources. According to incomplete statistics, China's total coal reserves are more than 900 billion tons, with a coal-bearing area of more than 550,000 square kilometers and complete coal types. In China's disposable energy consumption structure, coal accounts for more than 75%. More than 200 kinds of products can be extracted from coal, so the development speed of coal industry will directly affect China's socialist economic construction. The progress and perfection of coal mining technology is the theme of mining development. It is of great significance to develop multi-level and diversified coal mining technology.
[Keywords:] coal mining technology control technology mining
China Library Classification Number: X752 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1009-914x (2014) 30-0130-0/.
1 Brief Introduction to Mine Mining
Mine development is usually divided into shaft development, inclined shaft development, adit development and comprehensive development of shaft form. Adopting reasonable mining method is the key to do a good job in mine production.
Vertical shaft is a vertical well dug from the ground to provide access to a certain coal seam or several coal seams. A shaft dug from one coal seam to another is called a blind well. In the underground, the mined coal is poured into the coal bunker below the level of the coal seam next to the shaft, and then loaded into the shaft skip to be lifted from the underground; Inclined shaft is a kind of inclined roadway used to mine non-horizontal coal seams or reach a certain coal seam or multiple coal seams from the ground. Inclined shaft is equipped with belt conveyor to transport coal, and personnel and materials are transported by rail car; An adit is a horizontal or nearly horizontal roadway, which is excavated in a horizontal or inclined coal seam to reveal its source, often with the excavation of the coal seam. It allows any conventional method to continuously transport coal from the working face to the ground.
When the coal seam is formed, it is generally horizontal or nearly horizontal, and it is continuous and complete within a certain range. However, with the movement of the earth's crust, the spatial form of coal seam has changed, forming geological structures such as monocline structure, fold structure and fault structure. Coal mining needs to pay attention to the strike, dip and dip angle of coal seam.
Long-term support is needed for the main shaft and transportation roadway developed in the mine. Combined support can be composed of masonry support, arch support, ceiling support, anchor support, anchor shotcrete support, anchor cable support, metal arch support, stone support, reinforced concrete support or several forms of support. The coal mining face needs temporary support, and the commonly used methods are pillar, hydraulic pillar support and wooden pillar support. Coal mining generally adopts backward mining, and the support is strengthened while mining.
2 coal mining method
Develop high-efficiency and intensive production technology in coal mines and build high-yield and high-efficiency mines. Research and develop efficient and reliable coal mining equipment and technology under various environmental conditions; Simple, efficient and reliable production system and mining layout; Production process monitoring and effective management are compatible with each other, thus improving the level of mining technology and mechanization.
2. 1 development? Modern mining technology of shallow hard roof hard coal seam?
Control technology of hard roof. The control technology of hard thick roof with shallow buried small ground pressure is studied. Roof treatment technologies such as directional hydraulic fracturing and inclined deep hole blasting are mainly adopted to improve the recovery and utilization rate of top coal, and the top energy is basically reasonable. The caving distance is beneficial to the top coal crushing and ensures the safe and smooth progress of the working face.
Hard and thick top coal control technology, research and develop fast processing technology of hard and thick top coal with shallow burial and small supporting pressure, including high-pressure water injection fracturing technology and deep-hole pre-blasting treatment technology of top coal, so as to improve the recovery and utilization rate of top coal. The fully mechanized equipment technology with poor caving ability and large top coal fragmentation is beneficial to top coal crushing and roof control, as well as to the placement of hydraulic supports and the layout of conveyors.
The rapid advance technology of fully mechanized top-coal caving mining under the conditions of hard and hard adopts reasonable fully mechanized top-coal caving mining technology, optimizes working procedures, shortens coal caving time, improves the advance degree of working face, and realizes high efficiency and high yield.
Bolt support technology in wide coal roadway is beneficial to the high power and weight of fully mechanized mining equipment and the use of continuous shearer, thus effectively improving the productivity of working face.
2.2 longwall mining in gently inclined thin coal seam
Main research and development: small volume, high power and high reliability of thin coal seam shearer and plough; Develop hydraulic support suitable for fully mechanized coal plough; Study and develop the integral support technology and efficient mining technology of thin coal seam working face.
2.3 Fully thick longwall mining with large mining height in gently inclined thick seam at one time
It is necessary to further improve the structure and strength of the support, strengthen the research on measures such as anti-falling, anti-sliding, preventing the crack of the top beam weld and the displacement of the four-bar linkage, and preventing the jack from being seriously damaged, so as to improve the reliability and narrow the gap with the medium-thick coal seam (mining height is about 3m).
2.4 Support system of all kinds of fully mechanized mining equipment with high yield and high efficiency
To achieve high production and efficiency, we must increase the operating rate, right? Support-surrounding rock? Monitoring system, mining and transportation equipment. Further improve the automatic collection system of hydraulic information, support state, roof state and support quality information; Detection and diagnosis of the operation state of emulsion pump station and hydraulic system; Online and offline shearing machine? Oil fragments? Monitoring and monitoring of temperature and electrical signals; Comprehensive condition monitoring of belt conveyor and scraper conveyor.
3 Deep well mining technology
The key technologies of deep well mining are: mine pressure control, rock burst prevention, gas and heat damage control, deep well ventilation, roadway layout and so on. Main tasks: state characteristics, stress field and distribution of surrounding rock in deep well; Changes of working environment in deep well workplaces; Rapid excavation and support technology and equipment of deep mine roadway: deep mine rockburst prevention technology and monitoring technology; Supporting technologies for high-yield and high-efficiency mining in deep wells; Heat damage control technology and equipment for deep well mining.
4 ? Three times? Coal mining technology
Improve the numerical simulation calculation and similar material simulation, deeply study the law of overlying strata movement and surface subsidence, study the reasonable mining system and optimization parameters to meet the needs of surface, buildings and groundwater resources protection, and develop the settlement control theory and key technologies; Research and application of various filling technologies and combined filling technologies; The key technologies such as mining design, process parameter optimization and equipment for near-water mining are studied.
5. Optimize roadway layout and reduce waste rock discharge.
Improve and perfect the existing coal mining methods and mining layout, study and develop the mining roadway layout and technical evaluation system under the geological conditions of coal mines with the goal of maximizing mining benefits, and realize the best matching of coal mining methods and mining layout with the geological conditions of coal seams.
6 stope surrounding rock control technology
6. 1 further improved the surrounding rock control theory of stope.
Using scientific, reasonable, optimized and efficient strata control technology to ensure safe, efficient and low-cost mining should be realized by summing up experience and deeply studying various coal seam geology and mining conditions.
6.2 Study the application of high-tech and low-cost strata control technology in hard roof and broken roof.
At present, high-pressure water injection, deep-hole presplitting blasting and chemical reinforcement technology are mainly used. Because of the complexity and high cost of these technologies, it is necessary to further study and develop new technologies, new processes and new materials to solve this problem.
6.3 interaction mechanism between rock stratum and support-surrounding rock in top-coal caving mining
The mechanical model of top coal caving mining, surrounding rock stress, top coal crushing mechanism, support-top coal-direct roof-basic roof interaction relationship are studied. The law of top coal caving is studied by discrete element method, and the optimization criterion of top coal caving and the way to improve the recovery rate of top coal are put forward.
6.4 Support quality and roof dynamic monitoring technology
On the basis of summarizing the support quality and roof dynamic monitoring of gently inclined medium-thick longwall face, the necessity of further monitoring the support quality and roof dynamic of hard roof, broken roof and steep caving face is put forward. At the same time, we should constantly improve the existing monitoring technology, develop intelligent monitoring systems and improve monitoring instruments to make them intuitive, portable and miniaturized.
6.5 Prediction and Prevention of Rock Burst
Through computer simulation, the mechanism of rockburst is studied, the monitoring system of rockburst is further improved, and the telemetry prediction technology is developed.
6.6 Research and development of new supporting equipment
This paper studies the hydraulic support for hard roof caving in hard coal seam, and improves the performance of hydraulic support and rapid moving support system.
7. Technical transformation and mechanized mining technology of small coal mines
Merger and reorganization of small coal mines, elimination of backward production technologies and equipment, improvement of average single well scale and technical level, development of mechanized and semi-mechanized mining technologies and equipment in small coal mines, improvement of mining methods and technologies in small coal mines, and improvement of unit yield and working efficiency of coal mining faces.
To sum up, improve the level of coal resources mining, make full use of resources, choose a reasonable coal mining method, ensure safe production and improve enterprise efficiency.
refer to
[1] Guo Jing. Coal mining technology [M]. Shanxi People's Publishing House.20 20 10/0
Dai Shaocheng. Comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology and equipment with high yield and high efficiency [M]. Coal Industry Press 1998.
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