1. Language: Tujia people have their own language, belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family of Sino-Tibetan languages, but now most Tujia people use Chinese as the communication language. Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and the word formation of Miao languages in different places is basically the same. After scientific research on different phonetic features, Miao dialect can be divided into three dialects, namely Xiangxi dialect, Guizhou Oriental dialect, Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect, seven power dialects and eighteen dialects.
2. Culture: Tujia people have their own national costumes and traditional culture, such as "Maogusi Dance". The traditional culture of the Miao nationality is also rich and colorful, such as Ancient Songs of the Miao Nationality.
3. Historical background: Tujia and Miao people have a long history, but their historical development process and geographical distribution are different.