Every five-year plan or plan in China has a relatively clear theme. The so-called theme is the problem to be solved in the next five years. Of course, whether the problem can be solved in the end depends on many factors, but there is always a relatively concentrated theme when planning. Specific to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the reason why "enriching the people" is put forward as a problem that must be solved is based on the following considerations.
First of all, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan is a new starting point for China after 60 years. China has just celebrated his 60th birthday, and entering the next Jiazi should have new development ideas.
Secondly, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is the first five-year plan implemented by China after the international financial crisis. This financial crisis has put forward some new propositions for the world and China.
Third, after 30 years of reform and development, China's per capita GDP reached $3,200 for the first time. According to international standards, when the per capita GDP has reached more than 3,000 US dollars and started to enter the middle and late stage of industrialization, the development ideas in this period will definitely be different from those in the past. The above three points determine that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is fundamentally different from the previous eleven plans. This difference is that the past eleven plans pursued "national strength" and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" pursued "people's wealth". Of course, this does not mean that people's lives have not improved in the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially in the 30 years of reform, but that people's wealth has not increased as fast as GDP in general. Moreover, according to the poverty standard of the United Nations, there are at least 1 100 million people living below the poverty line in China.
In addition, judging from the situation in recent years, many social problems in China are directly related to the gap between the rich and the poor and people's general poverty. For example, structural adjustment and economic transformation, insufficient consumption and domestic demand, and even some mass incidents all have the shadow of polarization between the rich and the poor. The polarization between the rich and the poor even directly affects the social stability of China.
Therefore, the focus of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" policy should be shifted to improving residents' income, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, and enriching the people as new ideas and strategies, and making a road map around how to "enrich the people". After 30 years of development, China's economic strength today has provided a material basis for solving the problem of "enriching the people".
People are the foundation of the country. The relationship between "the people are rich and the country is strong" is that the people are rich before the country is strong, not the other way around. In fact, the history of the rise and fall of many countries also tells people that although the wealth of the people does not necessarily equal the strength of the country, the people are not rich and the country will be weak; Even if it shows a certain strength, it can only be strong outside and hollow inside. Only the strength based on the general prosperity of the people is fundamentally powerful. Therefore, the city government of China needs to renew its concept and take "enriching the people" as a clear policy goal and task. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a long-term strategic plan to improve welfare when compiling the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". The purpose of this strategic plan is to lay the foundation for building a competitive, fair and just welfare state. The root of structural imbalance lies in the government leading the economy.
Although "enriching the people" is an economic problem, its solution can not be separated from politics. In fact, the formation and expansion of the gap between the rich and the poor since the reform itself has political factors. Why is the economy growing at a high speed, but people's living standards have not improved simultaneously? The crux lies in the unreasonable distribution of cakes. In other words, the biggest beneficiaries of economic development achievements are not ordinary people, but the government and its interest groups related to public power, as well as managers and employees of capital interest groups and monopoly state-owned enterprises. The reason why the government can take the lion's share of national income and control wealth at will without supervision, and the reason why capital can suppress a large number of laborers lies in the excessive power of the government.
China has traditionally been a big government. Both government officials and ordinary people have a big government concept in their hearts. Therefore, if we want to change the unreasonable income distribution under the condition of excessive government power, we must treat it as a political problem, otherwise, it will be difficult to solve it only as an economic problem.
On the other hand, although the problem of "enriching the people" is very important in the next five years or even longer, it is not the whole problem after all and cannot replace the solution of other problems. As mentioned at the beginning of this paper, from an official point of view, the 12th Five-Year Plan should first solve the structural problems formed by various structures such as industrial structure, urban-rural structure and regional structure. Structural problems are not a new problem in China, but they are still listed as the top priority in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, which shows that the harm caused by structural problems to China's economy and society is unsustainable.
At present, the problems existing in the employment of college graduates are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, all aspects of society have failed to keep up with the reality that graduates will become the main composition of the new labor force in cities and towns, and they lack ideological understanding and psychological preparation for college graduates to become the main contradiction in social employment. Second, there are gaps in the government's policy arrangements for promoting employment. For example, among the tens of billions of employment funds invested by the central government every year, there is no special fund to promote the employment of graduates for a long time; The policy of encouraging graduates to start their own businesses is basically similar to the preferential policy of re-employment, which cannot meet and adapt to the needs of graduates to start their own businesses. Third, the lag of social and economic development and transformation does not match the rapid growth of graduates. The lag of educational concept reform with "entrepreneurship education" as the core increases the dislocation between jobs and graduates' needs. Fourth, the reform of labor management, social security system and household registration system is not in place, and the institutional obstacles of the divided labor market have seriously affected the free flow and employment of college graduates. Fifth, the design of education cost sharing mechanism is insufficient, and the government's financial investment in public utilities is insufficient. For example, the contradiction between high fees in higher vocational colleges and secondary colleges and students' low return after graduation violates the general cognitive and economic laws of high investment and high return, resulting in the dislocation of employment desire and social post demand and promoting the increase of unemployment.
Faced with these problems, first of all, all sectors of society should strengthen their understanding that college graduates will soon become the main contradiction in social employment, enhance their psychological preparation for changes in the employment situation, and form a good social mainstream public opinion environment. The government should take creating more employment opportunities as an important goal, accelerate the pace of social and economic transformation and reform, improve the environment for promoting entrepreneurship, and provide more jobs. Secondly, adhere to the direction of employment reform of college graduates, improve and give play to the environment and benefits of government-led market allocation of labor resources; Improve the national public utility financial policy and adjust the proportion of education funds sharing; Adjust the focus of the government's work to promote employment, and establish an employment policy system and employment service organization framework to adapt to college graduates becoming the main competitors of new jobs in society; The funds for promoting the employment of college graduates should be guaranteed and inclined. Third, expand employment channels for college graduates, standardize employment, and prevent a large number of graduates from finding jobs outside the system. Formulate corresponding preferential policies to promote various ownership units to absorb college graduates; Strengthen labor law enforcement, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of college graduates and ensure their employment within the system. If a large number of college graduates are employed outside the system and lose social security, they will easily become marginalized people, which will inevitably increase social instability and affect the establishment of a harmonious society.
Therefore, promoting the employment of college students needs to seek four breakthroughs:
First, college students should seek a breakthrough in the concept of employment. First, college graduates should be clear about the purpose of employment. The second is to advocate the concept of employment before choosing a job. College students should have a correct attitude, correctly understand themselves and the employment environment, eliminate blindness and cherish every employment opportunity. Students who take the postgraduate entrance examination should also handle the relationship between postgraduate entrance examination and employment, and don't miss the rare employment opportunities easily.
Second, college students' employment should make a breakthrough in the transformation from single skill to compound skill. First of all, we should establish a perfect "preparation for employment" mechanism. "Pre-employment" is a transitional stage for college students to learn another vocational skill according to the post requirements of enterprises, which is between "unemployment at school" and formal "employment". College students who have the spare capacity to study at school should also learn one more applied skill to increase employment opportunities. The second is to comprehensively implement and improve the "double certificate" system of graduation certificates and vocational qualification certificates in higher vocational colleges.
Thirdly, college students' employment should seek a breakthrough in the transition from part-time employment to entrepreneurial employment. Guide college students to actively participate in the free entrepreneurship training provided by the government, combine what they have learned to start their own businesses and choose their own jobs, change the mode of "looking for a rice bowl" into "making a rice bowl", promote employment through entrepreneurship, attract more college students to find employment through successful entrepreneurship, and set off an upsurge of entrepreneurship and wealth.
Fourth, the employment of college students should make a breakthrough in making full use of human resources. First, colleges and universities should establish a talent pool, send the best talents to enterprises and other employers, and focus on training. Second, enterprises and schools jointly run schools to train and bring up suitable talents for enterprises. Third, make good use of and further improve the existing employment support policies, encourage and guide college students to find jobs at the grassroots level in urban and rural areas, and find jobs in small and medium-sized enterprises and non-public enterprises; Encourage key enterprises and scientific research project units to attract more college students. Fourth, through cooperation with more countries, we will broaden the channels for college students to study and work abroad, so that more and more students can choose jobs on a global scale.
. The concept of employment is an understanding of employment, combined with a sober and rational understanding of one's own actual situation under the premise of social status quo. Generally speaking, first, recognize the economic situation and enhance employment confidence; Second, improve professional quality and enhance competitiveness; Third, change traditional ideas and correct employment attitude; Fourth, broaden employment channels and mine information in many ways; Fifth, broaden our thinking and diversify our employment.
The times call for talents, and hope lies in youth. Building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing socialist modernization require the participation of college students.