Paper format cover papers often refer to articles used to conduct scientific research and describe scientific research results. It is not only a means to discuss problems in scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research achievements for academic exchange. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers, etc. , collectively referred to as the paper [1]. The paper format refers to the stylistic requirements and writing standards when writing a paper. Intuitively speaking, the paper format means that the paper meets the standard style and content requirements that can be made public.
structure
A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable. The order of the thesis is: title, author, abstract, keywords, English title, English abstract, English keywords, text, references, appendix and acknowledgements [2].
subject
1. Title Description
The title should be concise, specific and accurate, which can summarize the specific content of the paper, help to select keywords, and conform to the relevant principles of compiling title catalogue, indexing and retrieval.
2. Propositional method
Concise and to the point.
3. English title method
(1) English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributes; The title of phrase type should determine the head word and then modify it before and after. The order of each word is very important, and improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression.
(2) Generally don't use declarative sentences, because the title mainly plays a marking role, and declarative sentences are easy to make the title judgmental, not refined and not eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refuting), the question can be used as the title, because the question has an exploratory tone and is easy to arouse the reader's interest.
The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed.
④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference.
⑤ In the English title of the paper. Don't use anything that can or can't be used.
abstract
Abstract is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short, concise and complete. The number of words can be as few as dozens and not more than 300 words [3].
Description of abstract
It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.
key word
Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".
Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).
1. Keyword description
Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.
Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases.
English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are marked with "keywords:" or "[keywords]"; English keywords are marked with "keywords:".
Key words should be selected from the National Standard Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible; Important terms and names of new disciplines, regions, people and documents that are not included in the glossary can also be used as keywords. Keywords should be general technical terms that can cover the main content of the paper.
2. Method of selecting keywords
The general selection method of keywords is: after the author finishes writing the paper, he selects from its title, hierarchical title and text (high frequency and key words).
Paper text
general idea
⑴ Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.
(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:
A. Questions-arguments;
B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;
C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;
D. conclusion.
In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.