This paper summarizes the current employment situation of higher vocational students and the main reasons for their employment difficulties, and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the employment problems in higher vocational colleges.

Keywords: psychological misunderstanding of higher vocational employment

With the popularization of higher education in China, the employment difficulty of college students has become a hot issue in the current society. The State Council has decided to vigorously promote vocational education and reform. "Service-oriented and employment-oriented" is the guiding principle of higher vocational education established by the central government. Therefore, employment-oriented, accelerating the teaching reform of higher vocational education, improving the quality of personnel training and promoting the employment of graduates has become one of the key work contents of higher vocational colleges.

First, analysis of the employment status of higher vocational graduates

In the action plan of education revitalization facing the 2 1 century, the Ministry of Education proposed to "actively and steadily develop higher education, especially higher vocational education". With the rapid development of China's higher vocational education, the number and quality of higher vocational students are constantly improving, and the scale of higher vocational education has now accounted for half of China's higher education. The purpose of higher vocational education is to cultivate high-quality skilled applied technical talents facing the front line of production, construction, management and service. This training goal determines that higher vocational education attaches importance to the application of technology and the cultivation of students' practical ability. Not only must we have a certain professional theory, but also have a strong practical ability. These are the advantages of higher vocational graduates compared with ordinary higher education and secondary vocational education graduates, and they are also the factors that many enterprises favor higher vocational graduates.

With the arrival of the peak of graduates after the expansion of colleges and universities, especially the increase of higher vocational colleges, and the tilt of the state's relevant policies towards higher vocational colleges, the number of graduates in higher vocational colleges is increasing sharply every year, but the number of new jobs is disproportionate to the number of graduates every year, which makes the employment situation of graduates in higher vocational colleges increasingly severe.

Second, the main reasons for the employment difficulties of higher vocational students

1. The positioning is not accurate, and the employment concept is backward.

Although the current employment concept of graduates is becoming more and more pragmatic, it has not been fundamentally changed. On the concept of employment and job selection, students in higher vocational colleges still have traditional concept of job selection that is contrary to actual needs, which shows that some graduates often overestimate themselves and always feel that they have comparative advantages compared with some ordinary job seekers. In the process of employment, we can't correctly evaluate our own advantages and disadvantages, unrealistically pursue professional positions beyond our own abilities, blindly seek high positions without giving ourselves a reasonable position, and ignore our own professional interests, abilities, career development prospects and many other factors. There are still quite a few graduates who unilaterally pursue big cities and are unwilling to go to some small and medium-sized cities in the west, especially rural areas for development. This often leads to the phenomenon that you can't find a job or the job is not suitable.

2. Lack of self-confidence

Many employers regard academic qualifications as the first threshold for candidates, and the degree of recognition for junior college students is not high. According to statistics, 84% of students feel embarrassed when they apply for a job because their employers refuse to accept resumes. This leads some students to lack confidence in themselves, not actively participate in the two-way choice, but let it go. In addition, when you encounter unprepared questions in the interview, you will be flustered and incoherent, not only failing to show your excellent side to the employer, but also this failed experience will affect the future interview and lead to insufficient employment confidence. These cognitive biases make college students complain that their ideals are far from reality in the process of job hunting after graduation, which leads to a sense of loss, self-blame, inferiority complex and psychological obstacles.

3. Strong dependence

In the process of employment, some students lack the consciousness of active participation and competition and cannot actively participate in the competition in the job market. Instead, they pin their hopes on schools, local employment authorities and families, or wait for arrangements between schools and localities, or rely on their parents to travel around, lacking the initiative to seize opportunities and create opportunities, which puts them at a disadvantage in employment.

4. The comprehensive quality is not outstanding

The comprehensive quality of higher vocational students still needs to be improved, mainly including professional quality and comprehensive quality. At present, students in higher vocational colleges lack professional knowledge, practical ability and work experience. In terms of learning ability, information processing ability, adaptability, social ability, innovation ability and other comprehensive qualities, the performance of some higher vocational students is still unsatisfactory.

Third, the countermeasures to solve the employment problem of higher vocational college graduates

1. Actively adjust the major direction and optimize the major structure to meet the requirements of the job market.

Higher vocational colleges should adjust the direction of related majors in time according to the change of job requirements, and improve students' employability and adaptability by updating, adjusting and adding necessary professional and technical courses and practical training projects. It is necessary to be close to the current industrial transformation and adjustment and the change of enterprise human resources demand, flexibly adjust the specialty setting, optimize the specialty structure of higher vocational colleges, and reform the talent training program to meet the demand of national economic and social development for highly skilled talents.

In addition, we should not only pay attention to the teaching of students' professional knowledge, but also pay attention to the cultivation of talents' quality. Combining professional curriculum with students' professional development and vocational skills training, taking employment as the guidance, we will promote the reform and innovation of professional curriculum, discipline structure, training mode, curriculum system, teaching content and teaching methods, attach importance to cultivating students' professional competitiveness, practical ability, sustainable development competitiveness, innovation ability, ideological quality and psychological quality, enhance college students' employment competitiveness, and enable graduates to have more employment opportunities.

2. Strengthen employment education and guide students to establish professional awareness.

Starting with freshmen's entrance education, this paper introduces the development prospects, social needs and employment situation of previous graduates of our school by integrating professional settings, professional courses, training objectives and employment direction, so as to stimulate freshmen's interest and enthusiasm in learning professional skills. On this basis, through career planning education, students can correctly understand the situation of talent demand, and cultivate students to establish professional awareness from the beginning of freshmen's enrollment.

In addition, help students evaluate themselves correctly and let them know the requirements of knowledge, ability and experience of the post. At the same time, it is also necessary to combine students' personality, temperament, interests, hobbies, vocational skills and professional characteristics, carry out targeted vocational education, formulate career planning and design, and guide students to change the concept of "choosing for life at one time" and establish the concept of choosing a job first and then choosing a job.

3. Implement the "double certificate" system.

In personnel training, we should strengthen high-skill training and prepare enough motivation for higher vocational students to set sail. The "double certificate" system is an extremely important "sail" for higher vocational students to sail their careers. The most prominent advantage of higher vocational students is their strong technical application ability and practical ability. Vocational qualification certificate is the witness of these abilities, and practical training is the key link to cultivate this ability. Strengthen vocational skill qualification certification, and pass the relevant professional qualification certification examinations of the majors studied, so as to promote the graduates of higher vocational colleges to successfully obtain "two certificates", that is, academic certificates and vocational qualification certificates, and improve the recognition of higher vocational graduates by enterprises. Higher vocational colleges should regard related majors as one of the conditions for students to graduate, and strive to make qualified fresh graduates obtain corresponding vocational qualification certificates through vocational skill appraisal before issuing professional academic certificates.

4. Develop skills competition to enhance employment competitiveness.

According to statistics, there are more and more college graduates today, and the gap of advanced applied technical talents is quite large. Only by striving to improve their professional skills and technical practice ability can higher vocational graduates enhance their employment competitiveness. In the process of employment guidance, it is necessary to carry out relevant professional skills training, guide students to strengthen their professional skills according to their professional needs, and strengthen their professional theoretical and practical abilities through professional skills-related competitions. Often carry out various technical skills competitions to promote the cultivation of students' brain power and practical ability, thus improving students' interest in professional technical skills. According to the needs of specialty, grade and post, different projects are set up and rewarded. The college provides teaching materials and venues, arranges teachers' guidance, and encourages and supports students to exercise their practical ability.

5. Broaden employment channels, strengthen internships and strengthen school-enterprise cooperation.

In fact, the cooperation between production and learning is the biggest feature of higher vocational education and its vitality. It can make the employment of higher vocational students have the characteristics of skill and application, thus breaking through the overall predicament of college students' employment and realizing the full and effective employment of higher vocational students. Higher vocational colleges should ensure the cooperation of students' internships during their study, the design and implementation of teaching programs, the guidance and collaborative management of teachers, and ensure the teaching effect of internships and the level of job skills training. Work with cooperative enterprises to strengthen job demand skills training, vigorously improve graduates' skill operation level and improve their employability. According to the characteristics of personnel training, we should increase training links, take teaching mode out of campus, establish teaching practice bases in enterprises, and vigorously develop order-based personnel training mode; Cooperate with enterprises in teaching content to enrich teaching content.

References:

[1] Yuan Gang, Psychological Analysis of College Students' Employment, Research on Ideological Education, 2004(4).

[2] Lei Su, Lin Fenghua, Vocational College Students' Employment Problems and Countermeasures, Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Monthly, 2007(3).

;