First, watercolor techniques: dry painting and wet painting First of all, let's talk about the basic techniques of watercolor painting: dry painting and wet painting. Dry painting refers to the first time after the color is dried, then the second time and the third time. Using dry painting method, due to the overlapping of layers, it will produce rich hierarchical effects, making the performance object clear, true and in-depth. This method is good at expressing light and shadow effects. However, when painting, the pen is still required to be full and moist to prevent the color from being dry and lifeless. Dry coating is generally divided into "dry connection method" and "overlapping color method" according to dry coating. After the first color is put on, this color is dry and reset on it (the intersection of the first color and the second color is called reset. On the contrary, it is tied, that is, gouache, oil painting and other two colors, one color is up, the other color is placed next to it, and the two colors form a strong contrast). What we need to make clear most is that when these two colors overlap, the intersection of the first color and the second color must be a transparent color, and this color cannot be called opaque. We usually have a conceptual confusion in painting, that is, adjusting a color and drawing this kind of stroke. When we adjust the color for the second time, we often don't think much about the nature of the color we adjusted for the first time. When you adjust the second color, you are afraid of being too pure, too jumping, and often too gray, so that adding the second color to the first color is often not as effective as simply drawing on the blank, and it may become very turbid. When painting gouache and oil painting, we must consider that the two colors should not jump too much, and should be calm, not in watercolor. We must consider the overlapping effect of the first pass and the second pass. We all knew and paid attention to this problem in the early days of contact with watercolor, but with the accumulation of painting time, we gradually forgot this point, which often caused problems on these basic things. In the basic techniques of painting, the first thing to be clear is that the so-called dry method is the problem of resetting after the first color is dried and the second color is added. Make sure the bottom is colored. Sometimes, when you paint the color for the third time, you should know that there are already two colors. What color are these two layers, and what effect will it have after adding the color of the other side? This must be clear. If you don't understand this problem, you will often draw dirty. This is a very important problem that needs attention in dry painting. In addition, we need to know more about wet painting, and China people have a clearer and more thorough understanding of wet painting. We paint ink and wash landscapes in a wet state. China people's ability to master wet painting is much higher than that of westerners. Like sketching, it is generally rigorous. After finishing, they look up again and again, and they pay more attention to the treatment of small edges. When the foundation is wet, it is easy for us to control the shape and grasp the overall relationship. But wet painting must remember one thing: it must be tangible, often we slide to the end of wet painting, and there is no shape. Just like painting a landscape in a foggy day, the foreground may be painted well with wet paint. It must be noted that there should be not only a long-term view, but also a close-up view, and the shape should be specific. There is a problem that wet painting is virtual and real. Here I talked about two main problems, one is the color problem of dry painting reset, and the other is the shape problem of wet painting. However, the most commonly used method in a painting is the combination of dry and wet. Not that a painting is all dry or all wet. There are usually dry paintings and wet paintings. The painting drawn in this way not only has a sense of space, but also has a tangible summary. Although the general techniques are too stylized in understanding. In fact, as soon as we start writing, we must use the basic skills first. From the beginning to the end, a painting basically revolves around basic techniques. We have a lot of stunts (special techniques) now, and we will take time out to talk about techniques in the future. Why emphasize basic skills? Technology and materials are actually related. The materials used now, such as those used in special effects, are all specially produced by the factory, such as colloidal solutes such as Arabic gum and shielding liquid, which are closely related to many special technologies we usually use, such as salt spraying. But we should remember that these special technologies should not be used as things we often use, but should be used occasionally, that is, special technologies that are difficult to complete with ordinary technologies. This is possible or brilliant. Second, the classification of watercolor pigments First of all, let's talk about the basic colors of watercolor painting. The basic color problem mentioned here is about materials. Watercolor is water-soluble and transparent. Judging from the pigments we use now, there are three kinds: minerals, plants and animals. When you know the material characteristics, you will know what proportion a color needs and the effect of this color mixed with other colors on your watercolor paper. As we know, watercolor paper has layers. As can be seen from the cross section, a piece of watercolor paper has two parts, convex and concave, and watercolor paper has many classifications, including coarse-grained paper and fine-grained paper. His paper patterns are closely related to pigments. Moreover, water has surface tension, and will be subjected to the force of watercolor paper after falling on watercolor paper. And because water contains watercolor pigments, the proportion of pigments will play a role. Mineral pigments are relatively heavy, and plant pigments are made of flowers, leaves and other raw materials, so they are very light. We can imagine that when these two colors are mixed together, the heavy ones naturally go to the concave places, and the light ones float on the water, which may last for a long time, but they will sink after drying. At this time, the first layer sinks and the second layer sinks, forming obvious stratification. Although you mix the colors evenly, because of the different textures, you will naturally be separated by water after painting on paper. This is a very excellent quality of watercolor painting, and oil painting pigments can't reach this point. Put two colors on the canvas, that is, this color will not change for a long time, but watercolor is different. When these two colors are on the screen, two levels will appear as soon as they penetrate, and these two levels are very transparent. If you want to make it opaque, interfere with it artificially and rub it back and forth, then its effect will be gone. We don't want to rub back and forth in painting, because it will be destroyed before it can show the effect. This is the taboo of watercolor painting. Many people paint watercolors seriously, but they can't grasp the shape. The main reason is that they didn't give the picture enough time to pause and let the color settle down. We are always too "positive" but let all colors attach to it, and the picture looks dirty, which is the characteristic of pigments that we don't understand, which leads to such consequences. Therefore, painting watercolor should first understand the basic characteristics of watercolor. Mineral pigments basically include ultramarine, ochre, khaki, cooked Hertz and so on. Plant pigments include indigo, medium yellow and so on. When these two pigments with different textures are mixed together, the effect is the difference in specific gravity. Nowadays, the color of animal materials, such as western red, is rarely used. As long as we know that there is a certain proportion of colors, colors themselves are light and heavy, so they will produce different picture effects when used in the picture. In addition, the pigment we use is made of glue, so the properties of glue are very important in color. If the glue doesn't reflow, it will be difficult to wash the color after it dries.