Text/Polar Bear In Wan Li, South America, far from Japan, there are a large number of Japanese immigrants. From former Peruvian President Hun Sen to Neymar, the world's hottest soccer star, their names and appearance show that they are inextricably linked with Japan in East Asia. According to the population statistics of South American countries, there are indeed a large number of Japanese ethnic groups in contemporary South American countries. So, how did these Japanese who originally lived on the Japanese islands in East Asia get to South America? How did such a huge immigrant group form? 0 1 The situation in Japan, a country of immigrants, witnessed the largest social reform since the Meiji Restoration. Great changes have taken place in the administrative system, social class structure and people's ideology. In the process of this great historical change, Japanese immigrants came into being. There are three reasons why Japan actively and systematically sends its own immigrants abroad: the rapid expansion of population, the decline of gentry and the relative weakness of national strength. Figure/The street population in Japan expanded rapidly after the Meiji Restoration: After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's population growth model changed from "more births and more deaths" in the Edo era to "more births and fewer deaths" in the Meiji era. After experiencing the extreme chaos in the Warring States period, Japan entered the relatively stable Edo era for more than 260 years. It is estimated that the population of Japan in 1600 is about120,000 to180,000. After 120 years, the total population of Japan will reach 310 million. This period (the early edo period) was called "people's bombing period" by Japanese demographer Gui Touhong. By the middle period of Edo, due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the spread of epidemics and extremely poor living conditions, the Japanese people artificially restricted the birth of babies, which made the population growth in the middle period of Edo stagnate. After entering the Meiji era, with the progress of society and the improvement of medical and health conditions, Japan's population began to rise sharply. At this point, Japanese society has entered a new round of "population explosion". 1872, Japan established a modern household registration system, and the national population and its increase and decrease can be directly grasped through * *. According to the statistics at that time, by 1900, the population of Japan was 43.85 million. By the end of Meiji era (19 12 Meiji era in Japan), the total population of Japan had exceeded 50 million. In the ninth year of Taisho (1920), Japan * * * followed the example of western countries and conducted the first population census. At this time, its domestic population has reached 55.96 million. As the Showa Decade approaches (1926 is the first year of Showa), that is, 1936, Japan's population growth momentum is even more rapid, and the total number has exceeded 70 million. Figure/After the Meiji Restoration, the concept of "one concubine and two husbands" was abandoned. Japan's population began to expand day by day, and the gentry declined: after the Meiji Restoration, the feudal social system in the old shogunate era collapsed instantly. The policy of "equality among the four people" promoted by Meiji * * * made the samurai class, which was originally high above, quickly become ordinary people and lost all kinds of privileges. Under the background of great historical changes, except for Shama, Changzhou, Tuzuo and Fei Qian, who carried out reforms earlier and transformed samurai into businessmen or financial practitioners, the life of samurai in other regions was miserable. If these Wulin people, who used to be only good at dancing guns, are allowed to wander around the society for a long time, it will inevitably lay a huge hidden danger to the stability and development of society. These warriors who have no land and can't work invisibly increase the burden of social management in Japan. It has become an urgent social problem in Japan to find suitable places for these people as soon as possible and resettle these "restless" declining gentry. Figure/The national strength of the last samurai in Japanese feudal society is relatively weak: at first glance, Japan, which just completed the Meiji Restoration, is one of the "powerful countries" in the world, but it is still weak compared with European and American countries. Extremely scarce natural resources and huge population make life very difficult for most Japanese. As far as rural areas are concerned, although the Meiji Restoration swept away feudal land ownership, private land ownership developed on a large scale. However, with the deepening of the industrial revolution, the number of farmers in rural areas has gradually decreased, while the parasitic landlord class has increased significantly. In this way, under the exploitation of the parasitic landlord class, the life of the tenant farmers directly engaged in farming is even more difficult. As far as cities are concerned, the capitalism of Japanese cities is still in the primary stage of development and has the nature of government monopoly, so the exploitation of workers by factory owners is very bloody. These plots are vividly described in Kobayashi Takiji, a great Japanese proletarian writer's famous literary work The Crab Worker Boat. To sum up, the Japanese archipelago, with a total area of only 370,000 square kilometers, faces a population of more than 70 million. At that time, Japan urgently needed to transfer its population to ease the pressure brought by the population to the country. Figure/The Japanese who are still poor 02 The situation of the main immigrant receiving countries in South America Since the 1920s, under the leadership of two sages, Bolí var and Saint Martin, South American countries have won independence one after another. After independence, South American countries successively abolished the slavery left over from the colonial period. As a result, South America, with its vast territory and sparse population, is facing the situation of labor shortage. Therefore, the introduction of new labor force to make the national social economy continue to function normally has become a new task that South American countries have to face seriously. Take Brazil as an example. Brazil abolished slavery in 1850 and never introduced slaves again. However, in Brazil, where the land area is huge and the population is sparse, the labor-intensive industries represented by coffee plantation economy began to decline gradually because of the lack of labor. Although Brazil * * * tried its best to introduce western European immigrants, the wage requirements of western European labor force were obviously not met by Brazil * * *. In order to maintain its own economic development, Brazil has to introduce immigrants to other parts of the world to obtain cheaper labor. This makes Brazil gradually turn its attention to China, a populous country in the East. Figure/Coffee Plantation in Brazil1At the end of the 9th century, Brazil * * * made a request to the Qing Dynasty at that time, asking the Qing Dynasty to organize Chinese immigrants to Brazil. However, at that time, the Qing court was at the end of the storm and was completely uninterested in organizing its subjects to go to the United States. Subsequently, Brazil, which did not get satisfactory results, found Japan and discussed the issue of Japanese emigration to Brazil. At this time, Japan, worried about overpopulation, hit it off with Brazil. Since then, Japan began to immigrate to Brazil in an organized way. In addition to Brazil, Peru, Argentina and other countries are also major countries for Japanese immigrants to South America. /kloc-before the end of 0/9, more than half of Argentina's territory was barren. From 1904 15 when the Japanese arrived in Buenos Aires to the end of 1932, there were more than 26,000 Japanese in Argentina. Peru facing the Pacific Ocean is also a country with more Japanese immigrants. According to statistics, as of 1928, Peru has a total of 10969 Japanese, accounting for 16% of the total population of Japanese immigrants to South America, second only to Brazil, ranking second in the "list of Japanese immigrants to South America". In this way, Japanese immigrants in South America have reached a certain scale. Brazil has become the "base camp" for Japanese immigrants. By 1928, the number of Japanese in Brazil has reached nearly 50,000, making it the main immigrant in Brazil. In addition, the population of other South American countries is gradually increasing. So, how did these immigrants from the far east get to South America? What twists and turns did they experience when they were far away from their homeland? The hardships and inspirational life of Japanese emigration to South America, in fact, long before emigration to South America, Japan had already begun to emigrate to Hawaii Island and the economically developed North American continent, which had a deep historical origin. However, the influx of cheap Japanese labor has caused dissatisfaction among local people in the United States. Americans believe that the existence of a large number of cheap eastern laborers will affect their employment and wage income. After that, Japan's road to North American immigration was completely blocked by the immigration law passed by the US Congress 1924. In this case, Japan turned its immigration direction to South America. The biggest feature of Japanese immigration to South America is the organized immigration activities under the guidance of * * * *. During this period, Japan's vigorous propaganda and the activity of private immigration companies also boosted Japan's immigration efficiency. In this way, groups of poor Japanese set sail from Yokohama Port with dreams and embarked on the road of "new world" thousands of miles away. At the moment when the whistle blows, these Japanese will bid farewell to their homes for generations. From this moment on, whether it is the snow scene of Mount Fuji, the red leaves of Kyoto or the hot springs of Izu, after the punishment, they will all become memories and may never be seen again. Because Japan's immigration activities are dominated by * * *, its ships carrying immigrants have better living conditions, sound sanitary measures and orderly navigation. Therefore, this kind of orderly, spontaneous and qualified Japanese workers was quickly welcomed by South American countries. However, due to Japan's small influence in South America, early Japanese immigrants were discriminated against in the local area. However, good collective organizations and increasingly powerful Japan have made Japanese people's lives in South America better and better. After several generations of efforts, Japanese immigrants gradually gained the right to vote, and the elite began to enter local high-end industries such as commerce and finance, and even became local rich. In the long-term running-in and contact, Japanese immigrants gradually integrated into South American society and became an indispensable member of South American society. Figure/Early Japanese immigrants to Brazil solved some phenomena related to Japanese life and South America. Knowing the above-mentioned history of Japanese immigration to South America, many problems will be solved. For example, in Little Soccer Player, why did Robert, the predecessor of Zimbasa Uzola, play in Sao Paulo, Brazil? Why does the America's Cup often invite Japan to participate? Why does Brazilian Santos play for the Japanese team and can be well integrated into the Japanese national team? Why does Brazilian star Neymar look like an East Asian at first glance? The answers to all these questions should be well explained in this historical origin. Reference 1. Li Zhuo Modern Japanese Social History World Knowledge Publishing House 20 10 2. Yang Zhu's Modern Japanese Economic History World Knowledge Publishing House 20 10 3. A study of Argentine Japanese immigrants in Zhang Song 20 1 1 4. Zhang yi. 0908- 1945) "Master thesis of Suzhou Institute of Technology 20 14 5. Zhu Shuguang's Japanese Immigrant Ships and Immigrant Transportation on Modern Latin American Routes.