Abstract: The reason why China's garden art has rich themes and implicit artistic conception lies in the richness of China's garden aesthetics and the profoundness of China's traditional culture. This paper attempts to explore the development of China gardens from various schools of China traditional culture & Confucianism, Taoism and Zen and their influence on China gardens.

Where is the beauty of the scene? Yue: Beauty lies between knowing and not knowing. He knows, knows its miracle, knows.

Its likes and dislikes; I don't know, I don't know why. This sentence hit the nail on the head

The essence of China's garden art lies in. China gardens are different from other gardens in the world.

The biggest feature of forest system is that it is not presented to people in a creative way.

The ultimate goal is the concrete garden image, and the pursuit is the image outside the image and the text.

Meaning, the so-called "artistic conception". Artistic conception is essentially the gardener's mood.

Sense, philosophical experience and its image association, and

Appreciator's re-creation in the space of association and imagination.

Process. Just as Yan Yu said in Cang Hua: "Like the sound of air, it's similar.

The color of China, the moon in the water and the phase in the mirror have endless meanings. "So,

Landscape, taking natural mountains, water and stones to form a landscape, a few things become.

Tourists have a great feeling of "wonderful, knowing is hard to say". China Garden Art

The emergence of artistic conception in artistic creation is closely related to China's philosophy.

Its influence on China gardens is mainly through the analysis of China literati's personality.

The infiltration of beauty and interest is reflected in the aesthetic concept of garden style and landscape artistic conception.

Medium. Therefore, no matter from the material content to the spiritual function of the garden, from the garden

From the conceptual layout to the theme distribution of scenic spots in the park, from the significance of the scenery itself

The symbolic relationship between scenes breeds the rich beauty of China gardens.

Learning concept and profound China traditional culture. In China culture.

In the exhibition history, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are the three major components of China traditional culture.

Points, each with its different cultural characteristics affect China culture; Meanwhile, three

And the role of * * * in the cultural development of China.

The characteristics of cultural diversity and complementarity in China are introduced. By expounding the traditional characters of China

The thoughts of the three schools and their influence on China gardens were used to spy on China.

One of the highlights of garden development.

! Confucianism and China Gardens

In the history of China's cultural development, Confucianism originated from the traditional culture of China.

The mainstream of the exhibition. Although in the pre-Qin period, China culture showed "a hundred schools of thought contend"

Confucianism is only one of the main forms, but it was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

After Dong Na's book suggested "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", Confucianism became

The orthodoxy of China's ancient culture profoundly influenced and dominated the development of China culture.

The process of exhibition. In the process of the establishment and development of Confucianism, it has formed its own set.

A set of theoretical theories: advocating Confucius' thoughts of "benevolence and righteousness" and "rites and music", and advocating no.

The doctrine of the mean is impartial and transcends all boundaries. Politically advocate "rule by virtue" and

"benevolent government"; Education advocates "teaching without distinction" and attaches importance to civilian education and ethics.

Cultivation and practice of morality; And the ideas of entering the people, the three cardinal guides and the five permanents, and the orthodoxy.

Want to, and advocate the values of righteousness. Although these Confucian thoughts are correct

The development of China culture has played a positive role, but at the same time,

Bring some restraint and restrictions. It worships nature, suppresses emotions, emphasizes morality and despises literature to survive.

The viewpoint of "removing reason and desire" has been criticized by writers who advocate nature in past dynasties. what

Yes, Confucianism has maintained its own characteristics on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from Taoism.

On the premise of mutual harmony, Confucianism has been further developed. Confucianism

Scholars have absorbed the Taoist idea that Tao is the universe's noumenon and "Tao gives birth to all things".

Perfecting the ideological system of Confucian philosophy. Zhouyi emphasizes heaven, earth and people.

Talents are people-oriented and attach importance to the harmony and unity between man and nature and between people.

Department. Although human status is more important than nature, Confucianism is not.

Regard nature as an alien force, but advocate harmonious coexistence between man and nature, admit

Because heaven and man are interlinked, we advocate the theory of "the unity of heaven and man" and "the unity of everything and me"

Therefore, the formation of these thoughts led to the complete artistic conception of China people.

Integrating with nature, "advocating and learning from nature" has become a garden in China.

An unshakable principle to follow. Under the influence of this idea,

China gardens organically integrate architecture, landscape and plants, which is limited.

Using natural conditions to simulate the natural beauty in space

Through processing and refining, we can realize the unity of natural beauty and artificial beauty and create ourselves.

However, the environment is harmonious, the artistic complex of life and the harmony between man and nature. Suzhou Canglang Pavilion

The couplet "The breeze and the bright moon are priceless, and there is love near the water and distant mountains." It shows that

The owner of the garden thinks that he is integrated with nature and is satisfied with the leisure state of mind of nature. in addition

On the one hand, the Confucian virtue thought also produced the theme thought of China's gardens.

A certain influence. In Chinese classical gardens, we pay special attention to the emotion in the scenery.

Scenes blend, meaning in things, things are better than morality. People regard it as an aesthetic object.

Natural scenery is regarded as a symbol of moral beauty, spiritual beauty and personality beauty.

Since ancient times, people have regarded bamboo as a symbol of good things and noble character.

Sign. People regard bamboo as an open-minded, introverted, upright and fearless person.

Frost and cold, carefree character spirit. Many poets and writers in history

He wrote many poems about bamboo. For example, Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised Zhu Yue:

"Bamboo is my teacher when you solve your guilty conscience." Lieutenant General in Bamboo Planting by Liu Yanfu, a scholar in Tang Dynasty.

Compared with the gentleman's personality, Bamboo said: "Strength is the foundation, firmness is discipline, and it is not affected by snow and ice, so it is just.

Also; Green leaves are growing, Cui Yun is floating and soft; Open-minded and honest, not hiding, loyal

Also; If you don't shrug your shoulders, you must rely on the other party to show off and speak out; Although the sun shines brightly in spring, it will eventually

Don't fight all the trees, be modest; The four seasons are consistent, and the ups and downs are different and unchanged. "From the bamboo

The personification of Zi shows that the various formal attributes of natural beauty are often examined.

On the contrary, people pay more attention to natural scenery.

The symbolic meaning of things embodies things and me, others and themselves, inner and outer, man and nature.

The same. In addition to bamboo, people will also put pine, plum, orchid, chrysanthemum, lotus and

All kinds of strange stones are symbols of noble character.

! Taoist Thought and China Gardens

Taoism is a native religion in China, and it is called the three religions together with Confucianism and Buddhism.

It has become an important part of China culture. Taoism respects Laozi as a religion.

Lord. In philosophy, Laozi regards "Tao" as the highest category and thinks that "Tao" is the universe.

The origin of all things is also the basis of all things, pointing out: "Tao gives birth."

One, life, two, two, three, three, everything. At the same time, advocate "the coexistence of heaven and earth and nature".

For luck, saints aim at nature, and natural people know it. "Later, Zhuangzi inherited and

It develops Laozi's thought of "Taoism and Nature", takes nature as religion and emphasizes inaction.

He believes that nature itself is the most beautiful, that is, "there is great beauty in heaven and earth without saying anything."

In Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's view, the beauty of nature lies not in its formation, but in its perfection.

It is precisely because it fully and completely embodies this kind of "doing nothing without doing anything"

"Tao", nature itself did not consciously pursue anything, but it did.

Everything is created invisibly. The reasons why China classical gardens advocate self.

However, the pursuit of nature does not actually lie in imitating the formal beauty of nature.

Body, but to explore the potential nature of "Tao" and "reason". pass by

This shows that the Taoist view of nature is of great significance to the development of ancient literature in China and to ancient times.

The formation of artistic national characteristics is extremely important. Its spiritual expression is advocating

Natural, carefree and quiet, passive and obedient, simple and noble, indifferent to freedom, romantic and floating.

Run away Therefore, under the influence of Taoist immortal thought, the natural fairyland was taken as a garden.

Gardens with artistic themes came into being. As Qin Shihuang built in the south of Weihe River.

Shanglinyuan According to Guanzhong Records, Shanglinyuan has set up a Tianhe symbolizing morning glory and weaver girl.

Spray stone whales and build Penglai three islands to symbolize the East China Sea Fusang. There is also a forest garden.

A very big palace, Zhang Jian Palace, is a fairly wide palace with a Tai liquid pool in the north.

This artificial lake is famous for its three sacred mountains. According to Shi Ji Xiao Wu Ben

"Remember" its northern governance pool, gradually more than 20 feet high, called Taiye pool, in.

There are Penglai, abbot, Yingzhou and Hu Liang, such as mountains in the sea, turtles and fish. "This kind of

The layout of "one pool and three mountains" has a far-reaching impact on later gardens and has become a creation.

A pattern of Chishan promoted the development of garden art. This kind in the palace

It is very important for tradition to dig ponds and build islands and gardens to imitate the sacred mountains in the East China Sea.

The development of garden space in China has at least the following great significance:

(#) Establish a complete main subsidiary water body. There are not only No.1 Han merchants in Lin Yuan.

A large number of ponds, large and small, are attached to the water body, and there are also tai liquid pools.

Kunming pool is such a huge main water. The area of Kunming pool site is still

It is three or four times the total area of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden in Qing Dynasty. the same

At that time, there was a clear relationship between the main body and the affiliated water body. Ban Guyun:

"Before the Tang Dynasty (pool), it was too liquid to see the soup of the sea." A large number, mutual

With the water surface as the background, various water bodies are interspersed with huge palace buildings.

The great development of landscape art space leads to a high degree of dispersion.

There is a harmonious rhythm of ups and downs.

(! ) laid the foundation for determining the landscape system of China. hillock

The relationship with the water body has changed from a long-term water ring to a mountain and a pool to a ring.

Taiwan Province has become a huge body of water surrounding three mountains, greatly enriching and developing the gardens.

Forest space art promotes the development of garden art.

(%) Establish the combined relationship of mountains, water and buildings linked by water bodies.

In the past, simple mountain or high-rise buildings were the core, and road buildings were the link.

A new pattern with water as the core and link has been added to the garden form. this

It not only greatly enriches the means of garden art, but also promotes mountains, water, buildings and plants.

There are more complex combinations between landscapes, such as mutual infiltration, infiltration and foil, and

Development, for the traditional garden finally adopt a smooth and soft, full of natural charm.

It is necessary to prepare the necessary conditions for this combination.

The model of "one pool and three mountains" was later adopted by the palaces of past dynasties, and

It affects gardens outside the palace. For example, Yangzhou once had a "small bonsai garden", and Suzhou also had it.

There is a "Little Penglai" in the park and a "Little Yingzhou" in silver moon Scenic Area of Santan, Hangzhou.

"Zen thought and China gardens.

Zen Buddhism was formed on the cultural soil of China due to the eastward spread of Buddhist culture.

It became a Buddhist sect in China. It not only absorbed the schools before Buddhism

Thought and metaphysics, but also into the China culture.

The ideological essence of life problems, so as to focus on the reality of the Chinese nation.

The cultural tradition of life constitutes a harmonious whole and becomes a combination of Confucianism and Taoism.

It is called one of the three basic components of traditional culture. It is publicized through individuals.

Intuitive experience and thoughtful way of thinking, so as to communicate in sensibility.

Get spiritual detachment and freedom through enlightenment. In Zen's view,

People are in the universe, and the universe is in people's hearts. Man and nature are not only

It's just a relationship of mutual participation, or rather, the two are seamless.

The whole. In order to show this natural universe in the process of human life

Zen believes that the whole state of human beings is achieved through inner experience.

The key to the world is that everything in the universe comes from people's hearts. straight

As Huineng, the sixth ancestor, said in his poem handed down from generation to generation: "Bodhi has no trees, but mirrors.

This is not a stage. There is nothing, so there is no dust. It not only embodies the "no

The Zen purport of "establishing literature" and "observing nature clearly" also expounds and analyzes the influence of Zen on China literature.

The pursuit of the universe itself is actually an instant gain.

A sense or feeling of liberation. Zen thought has the following characteristics:

(#) The monistic world view of "Brahma and I are one", that is, my heart is Buddha.

Buddha is my heart;

(! ) set up the practice method of epiphany, that is, through gradual practice.

Or have an epiphany and see the truth;

(%) Heart-to-heart communication, since the enlightenment's self-explanation without words.

Experience.

In the middle Tang Dynasty, the rise of Zen aesthetics made aesthetics and art the main body.

The role of inner experience, intuitive feelings, etc. , mentioned a very high position, making

Deepen and integrate Zen thought into the creation of China gardens, from

And from the perspective of Zen, the "landscape" of garden space is sublimated into "artistic conception"

You see, everything in the world is the illusion of Buddhism or the true heart, that is, "bamboo, all."

Is a dharma body, gloomy yellow flower, nothing more than Ruo Ban. "This is the form of the garden.

Limited natural landscape art provides infinite possibilities for aesthetic experience, namely

It breaks the fundamental boundary between small nature and nature, which is deeply hidden in some thoughts.

To a certain extent, it has built a garden space in the literati garden, which is small and big, and is close to the mountains and waters.

Between. Therefore, different from the royal gardens, the Zen-filled literati gardens are more exposed.

The trend is getting smaller. This aspect is reflected in the garden area and scale.

Miniaturization, such as mountain to rockfill, water to small pond, flowers and trees to single plant,

The factors of meditation are increasing, while the tourism of natural landscape is relatively decreasing.

On the other hand, it is manifested in small thoughts. China's creative technique of seeing the big from the small.

It is widely used in ancient culture and art with a long history. Painting.

On the other hand, "thousands of miles away"; In poetry, the "five musts" are the most.

If it's difficult, it's better to be shorter and longer, but it's not enough. "The best garden.

For example, the quatrains of poetry are many and few, creating infinity with a closed area.

Space. Why is small big? Small is objective, which refers to the area of the garden, while large is subjective.

Yes, it is human feelings. Chase is too young to tell. In Zen view, rules

The less qualitative, the greater the imagination space, so less can win more, only simple to the extreme.

Point, in order to set aside the biggest space for people to ponder and think. straight

As Shen said in "Six Chapters of a Floating Life: Leisure", "Living in groups,

Grass is the forest, insects and ants are the beasts, those with protruding sand and gravel are the hills, and those with concave soil are the valleys. "in addition to

The "lightness" in gardens originates from Zen besides the creative method of seeing the big from the small.

Thought. The lightness of gardens can be reflected in two aspects. One is a landscape book.

The body has dull or dull visual effects, including simplicity, sparseness, antiquity and clumsiness.

Can constitute a means to achieve this effect. One is through the "ordinary" darkness.

Show, trigger your intuitive feelings, so as to achieve something in the transcendence of thinking.

Aesthetic experience.

In fact, China's ancient traditional philosophy and cultural thought had a great influence on China's classicism.

The influence of gardens is often related to people's understanding and pursuit of natural beauty.

Violent social changes, political turmoil and ideological activities are closely related.

Close. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's overall understanding of natural beauty was just right.

It was an era of decline, separatism and years of war in the Zhou Dynasty. At the beginning of Qin dynasty

The emperor unified China, and the Han Dynasty became strong. At this time Confucianism rose to orthodoxy.

Status, people's psychological characteristics are the universal spirit of entering WTO and making progress. for

Serving the country, making contributions, and making a name for future generations are the people generally pursued by scholar-officials.

Physiological thinking, the requirement and development of individual self-awareness are in a secondary position.

The pursuit of natural beauty is not the mainstream of society. Therefore, the times are fundamental.

I didn't dig deep into the soil and zone of natural beauty.

Pieces. The understanding of natural beauty declined in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Deepen. Coincidentally, private gardens, landscape poems and paintings have all appeared.

Prosperity in this era. In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, metaphysics combining Confucianism and Taoism entered the first place.

Step by step development, put forward the theory of "words don't mean everything" and "enlightenment magic" in art.

On the proposition, the creation of landscape poetry and painting has reached a metaphysical pursuit of meaning.

Field. Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan" shows the right

The profound feeling of the natural beauty that makes people feel relaxed and happy. After the middle Tang Dynasty, Starr

My husband's artistic thinking level has been improved and deepened. Due to the history of self-protection in the prosperous Tang Dynasty

After the rebellion, it turned into a decline, and the literati lost their balance again, which

Zen Buddhism, which combines Laozi, Zhuangzi and Metaphysics, has developed rapidly. What does it mention?

Advocating intuitive experience and meditation thinking mode leads to enlightenment and epiphany.

The way of understanding has a far-reaching influence on artistic creation. So, people are pursuing

In the process of natural beauty, we always like to combine objective "scenery" with subjective "emotion"

Connect with each other, put yourself in the natural environment, and integrate things with me.

First, in order to fully express their thoughts and feelings in the creation, accurately grasp.

Live the essence of natural beauty and reproduce it. Therefore, the implicit artistic beauty is

The highest realm pursued by China's classical garden art.

conclusion

Throughout the development of classical gardens in China, we can see that it was reflected in ancient times.

This kind of classical garden with the aesthetic characteristics of ancient people in China is natural.

View is by no means limited to the visual feeling and general meaning of modeling and color.

The psychological description of human conquest of nature, in a sense, is more important.

The inevitable product of cultural development is to enter people's living environment through garden art.

Grasp the characteristics and significance of human existence.