Keywords: saving resources and protecting the environment, urban planning
Saving resources and protecting the environment are two basic national policies based on China's national conditions. China ranks fourth and third in the world in terms of resource reserves and land area respectively. In terms of the total amount, it can be called "vast territory and abundant resources", but in terms of per capita indicators, it is just the opposite. As far as per capita land is concerned, China's per capita is 0.8 hectares, which is only 29% of the world's per capita value; The per capita arable land is 0. 1 1 hectare/person, which is only 40% of the world average; The per capita freshwater resources are only1/4 of the world's per capita; Based on 45 major mineral resources, the per capita mineral resources are less than half of the world's. Specifically, in terms of oil, natural gas, iron ore, copper ore and bauxite, China's per capita mineral resources are only equivalent to the world average of 1 1%, 4.5%, 42%, 18% and 7.3% respectively. Due to the large population in China, the per capita environmental capacity is far below the world average. At the same time, China's resource occupation, consumption and pollutant emission per unit output calculated by GDP and industrial added value are much higher than those in developed countries. Obviously, this high-input, high-consumption, high-emission economic growth mode is unsustainable.
In order to achieve sustainable development, it is a natural and inevitable choice to take the road of economic development and clean development. Low per capita resources and high consumption of energy and materials make the dependence on foreign countries of many important minerals needed for China's economic development increase. According to the forecast of relevant departments, by 2020, China's dependence on foreign oil will reach 52%, and the dependence on imports of manganese, steel, lead and zinc will reach 38%, 82%, 52% and 69% respectively. At the same time, we haven't really mastered the right to speak in mineral import negotiations, and the import price has increased year by year (for example, the price of imported iron ore increased by 19% in 2005 compared with the previous year, and continued to increase by about 30% in 2006). The rising industrial cost caused by the rising imported raw materials has reduced the competitiveness of China's industrial products in the international market; Under the background of changing international political situation, a series of important mineral products are heavily dependent on imports, which is more related to national economic security. Therefore, economical development and clean development are not only the main contents and inevitable requirements for the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, but also the starting point and starting point for promoting the adjustment of economic structure, the transformation of growth mode, and improving the quality and efficiency of growth. The work of saving resources and protecting the environment needs to be carried out at the same time from three levels: country, city and region, enterprise and community. This city plays an important role in connecting the preceding with the following. In terms of cities, it is necessary to implement the two basic national policies of the country and the tasks and requirements of higher-level governments in saving resources and protecting the environment; At the same time, it is necessary to make plans in combination with market conditions, closely integrate conservation and environmental protection with all relevant aspects of urban social development, integrate them into the daily work of urban development, urban construction and urban management, and organize enterprises, administrative institutions and all citizens in the city to implement them.
The importance of overall system planning stems from the characteristics of wide coverage, high permeability and large span of resource conservation and environmental protection. First of all, we should grasp the "leading role" of urban planning, scientifically determine the scale and overall layout of the city with a forward-looking vision, so as to match it with natural carrying capacity such as water and soil resources, environmental capacity and geological structure, and fully embody the principle of "step by step, land conservation, intensive development and rational layout". At the same time, strengthen planning management, and incorporate national unity, energy-saving and water-saving requirements and key promotion measures into regulatory and constructive detailed planning. From the perspective of coverage, it runs through production, construction, transportation and circulation until final consumption; From the perspective of saving objects, it involves land, water, energy, various raw materials and so on; From the aspect of work, it includes publicity and education, formulation and implementation of laws, regulations and related policies, construction of technical support and technical service system, various representative demonstration projects and related system construction (such as energy efficiency labeling system, energy-saving and consumption-reducing product certification system, compulsory elimination system of high-energy and high-water-consuming processes, technologies and equipment) and so on. The above-mentioned conservation and environmental protection work needs to be closely integrated and interrelated with the relevant tasks of urban economic and social development before it can be implemented:
-Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity in industries with high energy consumption and heavy pollution in combination with the optimization and upgrading of urban industrial structure, realize structural energy saving and consumption reduction, and reduce pollution emissions;
-Combining the upgrading of urban industrial and enterprise technical structure, eliminating backward industrial kilns, transforming inefficient industrial boilers, making full use of industrial waste heat and pressure, realizing energy saving and consumption reduction, and reducing pollution emissions;
-Combining with the adjustment of urban industrial layout, the development of industrial clusters and the promotion of circular economy to realize the reduction, reuse and resource utilization of inputs;
-Improve and strictly implement the access standards of the project in terms of land, environmental protection, energy conservation, technology and safety in combination with reasonable control of investment growth and adjustment of investment structure, complete the examination and approval of environmental impact assessment and energy conservation assessment according to regulations, and ensure energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction from the source;
-Combine with the strategy of rejuvenating the city through science and education, promote the combination of Industry-University-Research, provide strong technical support for resource conservation and environmental protection, pay close attention to the construction of technical service systems related to resource conservation and environmental protection, and vigorously popularize relevant scientific and technological knowledge;
-Develop and improve the recycling level of all kinds of waste materials, realize industrialization and form a "pulse" industrial chain in combination with expanding employment fields and increasing jobs;
-and advocate the combination of poverty alleviation and the development of social charity, and recycle valuable discarded daily necessities through community "love supermarkets" and so on.
From a period of time, it is impossible to advance the above aspects in parallel, but to find their own breakthrough points according to different market conditions and strive for key breakthroughs; According to the urban industrial structure, the corresponding resource consumption structure and pollution emission structure, those aspects with large investment, large space saving and serious pollution disturbing the people are taken as key breakthroughs. Different cities have different breakthroughs, create different experiences and practices, communicate with each other, learn from each other's strengths, and it is possible to popularize various successful experiences of resource conservation and environmental protection in small and medium-sized cities at the lowest cost, so that more and more cities can enter the ranks of resource-saving and environment-friendly cities.